This document discusses different types of heart disease including ischemia and carditis. Ischemia is when the heart does not get enough blood and oxygen, often due to narrowed arteries. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Carditis refers to inflammation of the heart and can be myocarditis (heart muscle), pericarditis (heart sac), or endocarditis (heart valves/lining). Treatment focuses on improving blood flow or reducing inflammation, while prevention emphasizes a healthy lifestyle.

1. Presented By
Sanjeeda Akter Ritu
Roll : 30
Batch : 25th
Department of Pharmacy
Dhaka International University

2. Heart Disease

3.  Any disorder that affects the heart.
Sometimes the term "heart disease" is
used narrowly and incorrectly as a
synonym for coronary artery disease.
 Heart disease is synonymous with
cardiac disease but not with
cardiovascular disease which is any
disease of the heart or blood vessels.
Introduction

4. Types of heart disease
1.Ischemia 2.Carditis
3.Congestive
cardiac failure
4.Angina
pectoris
5.Myocardial
infarction
6.Congenital
heart
disease
7.Rheumatic
heart
disease
8.Rheumatic
fever

5. Ischemic
 Ischemic means that an organ (e.g., the heart) is not
getting enough blood and oxygen.
 Ischemic heart disease, also called coronary heart disease
(CHD) or coronary artery disease
 This term given to heart problems caused by narrowed
heart (coronary) arteries that supply blood to the heart
muscle.

7. Symptoms of Ischemia
Neck or jaw
pain
Shoulder or
arm pain
A fast
heartbeat

8. Symptoms of Ischemia
Shortness of breath
when physically
active
Nausea and
vomiting
Sweating
Fatigue

9. Causes of Ischemia
 A primary cause of ischemia is hardening
of the arteries.
 Low blood pressure (hypotension) as a
result of heart attack or shock
 Congenital heart defects
 Sickle cell anemia
 Blood clots in arteries
 Compression or blockage of a blood vessel
(from a tumor or musculoskeletal
abnormality)
 Anemia

10. Treatment for Ischemia
 The goal of myocardial ischemia
treatment is to improve blood flow
to the heart muscle.
 Depending on the severity of
condition, doctor may
recommend medications, surgery
or both.

11. i. Don't smoke or use tobacco.
ii. Get moving: Aim for at least 30 to 60
minutes of activity daily.
iii. Eat a heart-healthy diet.
iv. Maintain a healthy weight.
v. Get good quality sleep.
vi. Manage stress.
vii. Get regular health screenings.
Prevention of Ischemia

12. Carditis
Carditis means
inflammation of
the heart.

13. There are 3 types of carditis -
Types of Carditis
1.Myocarditis
2.Pericarditis
3.Endocarditis

14.  Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle
(myocardium).
 The inflammation can reduce the heart's ability to
pump blood.
 Myocarditis can cause chest pain, shortness of
breath, and rapid or irregular heart rhythms
(arrhythmias). Infection with a virus is one cause of
myocarditis.
Myocarditis

16.  Pericardial disease, or pericarditis, is
inflammation of any of the layers of the
pericardium.
 The pericardium is a thin tissue sac that
surrounds the heart and consists of: Visceral
pericardium -- an inner layer that envelopes the
entire heart.
Pericarditis

18.  Endocarditis occurs when bacteria or other germs
enter the bloodstream and travel to the heart.
 The germs then stick to damaged heart valves or
damaged heart tissue.
 Endocarditis is a life-threatening inflammation of
the inner lining of the heart's chambers and
valves. This lining is called the endocardium.
Endocarditis

20.  Common causes include viral or bacterial
infections and medical conditions such as
autoimmune diseases.
 Heart inflammation can happen suddenly or
progress slowly and may have severe symptoms or
almost no symptoms. We may have different
symptoms depending on the type and how serious
the heart inflammation is.
Causes of Carditis

21. Symptoms of Carditis
Lightheadedness Tiredness
Chest pain or
pressure

22. Symptoms of Carditis
Shortness of
breath
Swelling in the
feet
Sudden loss of
consciousness

23. Treatment of Carditis
Carditis can cause heart failure and
death.
Various anti‐inflammatory drugs
have been used to treat carditis,
including corticosteroids, aspirin and
immunoglobulins (immune therapy
using antibodies).

24.  Avoid contact with people with
viral infections.
 Get recommended vaccines,
including for COVID-19 and the flu
vaccines.
 Not using recreational drugs.
 Reduce exposure to tick-infested
areas and bird droppings.
 Schedule regular dental care.
Prevention of Carditis