Health -Reproduction

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
R.G. Estrella
Another Estrella Presentation!
Reproduction, Pregnancy, and
Development
Chapter 18
Contact Info:
mrestrella1@outlook.com

R.G. Estrella
Reproduction, Pregnancy, and
Development
Contents
• Section 1 Male Reproductive
System
• Section 2 Female
Reproductive System
• Section 3 Pregnancy and
Early Development
• Class Rules
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
What the Male Reproductive System Does
• Sperm are sex cells
• Guys make 50,000
sperm in one minute!
Chapter 18
Collect HW: Pgs.430- 435 5 Facts/Page
Draw P.432 The Male Figure – half page

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• The testes must be cooler than
the body.
Chapter 18 Section 1 Male Reproductive System

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What the Male Reproductive System
Does
• Eggs or ova: are sex cells
produced by ovaries.
• Fertilization: sperm and
egg join to create life.
Fertilization

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How the Male Reproductive System Works
• Testes (testicles) male
reproductive organs that
produce sperm and
testosterone.
• The scrotum is a sac covering
the testes.
Human Sperm under
scope

R.G. Estrella
Hormones: are
chemicals that send
messages.
Testosterone is the
major male sex
hormone.
It regulates body
changes during
puberty and
influences sperm
production.
“Testosterone makes boys
notice girls”

R.G. Estrella
• Puberty: body
changes in teenagers.
• Erection: blood
making the penis hard.
• Ejaculation: semen
coming out of the
penis. Also called an
orgasm or cumming.
• Masturbation: giving
oneself sexual
pleasure.

R.G. Estrella
• Wet Dream:
When an
ejaculation
happens
during sleep.

R.G. Estrella
Ch-18.1 Male Review 1
1. Sperm 6. Testicles
2. Fertilization 7. Scrotum
3. Testosterone 8. Hormones
4. Puberty 9. Erection
5. Orgasm 10. Wet Dream
Group Work: Answer questions, I
will ask one person to answer for
the group, that will be the group
grade
1st try = A, 2nd try = B 3rd try = C
CLASSWORK…
YES!
HW: Draw P.437 & 438 Female Figures
& P.436-437 5 Facts/Page - Staple together.

R.G. Estrella
Circumcision: the foreskin is cut from around the tip
of the penis.
Foreskin: the skin on the tip of the penis.

R.G. Estrella
• Semen: sperm +
3 liquids from the
sex glands.
• Epididymis: the
place where
sperm mature.
• Infertile: unable
to fertilize or get
fertilized.

R.G. Estrella
3 Sexual Glands in men:
• Prostate Gland: about 1/3 of the semen. Makes a
“basic” fluid that removes acid in the vagina.
• Seminal Vesicles: make fructose “sugar”, 70% of
semen.
• Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland: makes pre-
cum. Lubricates the urethra & cleans it of urine.

R.G. Estrella
• Sperm from testes  epididymis  vas deferens.
Sperm mix with glandular fluids in the vas deferens to
make semen, then  urethra and out of the penis.
• Urine passes from the urinary bladder into the penis
through the urethra.

R.G. Estrella
Pairs Work: Include full names, title and
period.
Sexual Glands
1.Why do males ejaculate so many sperm?
2.List two bad things that can happen to
sperm inside the vagina.
3.What are the names of the 3 male sexual
glands and functions of each of the three
liquids
4. What are glandular fluids?
5. Put the following terms in the correct order
of the pathway:
Urethra, vas deferens, epididymis, testes,
seminal vesicles, prostate gland,
cowper’s gland

R.G. Estrella
Ch-18.1 Male Review 2
1. Semen
2. Epididymis
3. Infertile
4. Prostate Gland
5. Seminal Vesicles
6. Cowper’s Gland
7. Male Orgasm
8. Testosterone
9. Two signs of testicular
cancer.
HW: Pgs. 438-439
5 Facts/Page

R.G. Estrella
Section 2 Female Reproductive
System
Warm Up: Ch-18 Section 2
• List 5 things
you know about
the female
reproductive
system.
Chapter 18

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How the Female Reproductive System Works
• Ovaries produce
eggs and the
hormones estrogen
and progesterone.
• There are 200,000
eggs in each ovary
System
Chapter 18

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• Estrogen regulates girls’
body changes during
puberty.
• Both estrogen and
progesterone are involved
in menstrual cycles and in
the changes during
pregnancy.
• Uterus: where the fetus will
develop.
Section 2 Female Reproductive SystemChapter 18

R.G. Estrella
• The ovum moves through the
fallopian tube (oviduct) to the
uterus.
• Ovulation: when the egg
comes out of the ovary.
System
Chapter 18

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• Vagina connects the outside of the body to the uterus and
receives sperm. It is also through which a baby is delivered.
• Urethra carries urine out of the body from the bladder. It is
above and separate from the vagina.

R.G. Estrella
System
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
Ch-18 Section 2 Review #1
Write 2 things about each one:
1. Ovaries
2. Fallopian Tubes
3. Ovulation
4. Uterus
5. Progesterone
6. Cervix
7. Vagina
8. Urethra
9. Estrogen
10. Ovum
System
Chapter 18
HW: Pgs. 440-442 5 Facts/Page
Draw Figure 5 Page 439

R.G. Estrella
System
Young woman
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
System
Normal uterus, fallopian
tubes, and ovaries,
perimenopause
Normal uterus, fallopian
tubes, and ovaries,
postmenopause
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
Female Orgasm: The first third of the vaginal walls contract
rhythmically. (The number and intensity of the contractions vary
depending on the individual orgasm.) The muscles of the uterus
also contract barely noticeably while producing lots of pleasure.
Vulva
Opening
Opening

R.G. Estrella
How the Menstrual Cycle Works
System
Chapter 18
Menstruation
(Period) is the
discharge of the
uterine lining
(blood) out of the
vagina.

R.G. Estrella
Menstruation lasts
average 3 to 7 days.
The average menstrual
cycle lasts 28 days.
Ovulation usually occurs
on the 14th day.

R.G. Estrella
Alleviate Menstrual Cramping
• Take aspirin, Tylenol (acetaminophen), Motrin
(ibuprofen) or Aleve (naproxen). (Note: For
best relief, you must take these medications
as soon as bleeding or cramping starts.) Ex.
“a doctor had her taking 2 in the morning and
2 in the evening starting a day or two before
my expected period.”
• Place a heating pad or hot water bottle on
your lower back or abdomen.
• 1) Fill a sock with (uncooked) rice.
• 2) Tie it shut or with twine.
• 3) Optional: add essential oils or dried
plants like lavender.
• During menstruation, avoid foods that cause
bloating and water retention. Some include:
fatty foods, alcohol & carbonated beverages.

R.G. Estrella
Ch-18 Section 2 Rev. 2
Think
harder!!!
1. Fallopian Tubes
2. Ovulation
3. Differentiate between the menstrual cycle
and menstruation
4. Estrogen
5. What are the 2 hormones that regulate the
menstrual cycle?
6. Describe two things that happen during the
menstrual cycle. Tell me around what
days those two things occur.
7. Advice a girl what can be done for cramps
8. What happens during a female orgasm?
9. Differentiate between the cervix and the
vaginal opening.
10. Where is acid found?

R.G. Estrella
Ch-18 Section 2 Rev. 2
Think
harder!!!
1. Fallopian Tubes
2. Ovulation
3. Distinguir entre el ciclo menstrual y menstruación
4. Estrogen
5. Cuáles son las 2 hormonas que regulan el ciclo
menstrual?
6. Describir dos cosas que suceden durante el ciclo
menstrual. Dime en qué días se producen esas
dos cosas.
7. Consejo de una chica que se puede hacer para
los calambres
8. Qué pasa durante un orgasmo femenino?
9. Diferenciar entre el cervix y la abertura vaginal.
10. Donde se encuentra el ácido?

R.G. Estrella
Write a story in which you are a sperm.
Describe your journey starting with your
creation in the testicles and ending with
you joining the ovum (egg).
• Your story should have a hero &
villain.
• Your story must have each of the
following terms in it. Highlight each
of the words in the story. Each word
is worth points. – 1. testicle 2.
epididymis 3. vas deferens 4. urethra
5. prostate gland 6. seminal vesicles
7. clitoris 8. vagina 9. acid 10. vaginal
white blood cells, 11. bacteria 12.
cervix 13. fallopian tubes 14. ovum.
CW or HW: “The Journey – My Story”
Stewie

R.G. Estrella
Escribir un cuento en el que eres una
esperma. Describir su viaje a partir de su
creación en los testículos y terminando
con que ensambla el óvulo (huevo). Tu
historia debe tener un héroe y villano. Tu
historia debe tener cada uno de los
siguientes términos en el orden correcto.
Resaltar cada una de las palabras en la
historia. Cada palabra vale puntos. – 1.
testículo 2. epidídimo 3. vas deferens 4.
uretra 5. glándula de la próstata 6. 7 de las
vesículas seminales. clítoris 8. vagina 9.
ácido 10. globulos blanco las células
sanguíneas, 11. bacterias 12. cuello
uterino 13. las trompas de Falopio. 14.
óvulo.
HW: “The Journey – My Story”
Stewie

R.G. Estrella
TSS: Toxic Shock
Syndrome
She spent four weeks
in ICU and after seven
operations, lost her
fight for life three
weeks after her 16th
birthday. Tampons
should be changed
every 4-6 hours.
Tampons are safe, but
must be changed.
System
Chapter 18
Tampon or Pad
Tampon -How to Insert

R.G. Estrella
CYSTITIS
Cystitis: Infections in the
urethra. The urethra is
shorter in women than in men
and therefore much more
susceptible to infections.
Symptoms of cystitis:
1. A constant and urgent need
to urinate even though there
is little urine in the bladder.
2. Pain and discomfort while
urinating.
3. Sometimes there may be
evidence of blood in the urine.

R.G. Estrella
Pap Test: a test to detect cancer of the cervix or
uterus, using a sample of cellular material from the
neck of the uterus spread on a microscope slide ( Pap
smear ).
System
Chapter 18

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Ages 21 to 29 should have a Pap test done every 3
years.
Ages 30 to 65 should have a Pap test plus an HPV
test (called “co-testing”) done every 5 years.

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Normal Cervix
System
Chapter 18

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Abnormal Cervix
System
Chapter 18
Cervical
Cancer

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HPV on Cervix
System
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
• Menopause: when
menstruation ends
at about the
average ages of 45
to 50.
System
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
1. Predict the outcome of an untreated
bacterial infection in the urethra? Hint –
look at the diagram to the left.
2. How are tampons related to Toxic
Shock Syndrome?
3. Elaborate on why males ejaculate
hundreds of millions of sperm.
4. How is the Pap Test related to cervical
cancer?
5. Differentiate between the vulva and the
vagina.
6. A female family member has never had
a pap test. Create a scenario to inform
her of the importance of it.
Chapter 18
HW: Pgs. 443-447 Pregnancy 5 Facts/Page

R.G. Estrella
1. ¿Predecir el resultado de una infección
bacteriana no tratada en la uretra?
Sugerencia: mira el diagrama a la
izquierda.
2. ¿cómo se relacionan con tampones a
síndrome tóxico del choque?
3. Elabora en por qué los varones eyaculan
cientos de millones de espermatozoides.
4. ¿Cómo está relacionado con la prueba de
Papanicolaou para el cáncer de cuello
uterino?
5. Diferencia entre la vulva y la vagina.
6. Una mujer miembro de tu familia nunca ha
tenido una prueba de Papanicolaou. Crea
un escenario para informarle de la
importancia de la misma.
Chapter 18
HW: Pgs. 443-447 Pregnancy 5 Facts/Page

R.G. Estrella
Diagram fill in the blanks for men and women.
System
Chapter 18
Ch-18 Reproductive Parts Review
Quiz coming
up?
10
11
9
15
16
14
13
12
1
2
3
4
5
. 6
7
8
17

R.G. Estrella
• 10 Multiple Choice Questions on Male & Female
• 3 Answers to choose from.
• Circle the correct answer.
• No True/False
• Nothing ridiculous
• Example:
System
Chapter 18
1.

R.G. Estrella
HCG - Human Chorionic
Gonadotropin: Is a
hormone produced by a
developing embryo during
pregnancy. The hormone
has an important role in both
the detection and the
maintenance of pregnancy.
Pregnant women have very
high hCG levels, but
nonpregnant women do not
have it in their blood.
Section 3 Pregnancy & Early DevelopmentChapter 18
EPT: Early Pregnancy Test
which looks for HCG.

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How Life Begins
• After fertilization, the zygote travels to the
uterus and implants (sticks) to the uterine wall.
Section 3 Pregnancy & Early
Development
Chapter 18

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Embryo
1 month 2 months
The developing human in the first 8 weeks of
development is called an embryo.
Development
Chapter 18

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Fetus
After 2 months it
is called a fetus
amniotic sac: is
the sac in which
the fetus
develops
Development
Chapter 18

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How a Baby Develops
• Placenta provides
a developing baby
with nutrients and
removes waste.
The umbilical
cord connects the
placenta to the
embryo through
the navel “belly-
button”.
Development
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
Placenta and
amnion or
amniotic sac
can be seen
here.
Development
Chapter 18
How a Baby Develops

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Placenta

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Use complete sentences to explain.
1. Elaborate on how an EPT works.
2. Predict what would happen to the fetus if
the amniotic sac broke too early?
3. How is the placenta related to the health of
a fetus?
4. How is the umbilical cord and navel related
to the fetus?
5. What is the path a sperm must take to get
to the ovum beginning in the vagina?
6. How is an embryo similar to a fetus and
how do they differ?
7. A woman is pregnant and doesn’t want to
have sex because the penis might hurt the
baby. Explain if this is true or false.
HW: Birth Pgs.
448-450 -5
Facts/Page
Answer Pg.
453 #28-30
Ch-18 Section 3 Rev. #1 Pregnancy

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Utilica oraciones completas para explicar.
1. Elaborar sobre el funcionamiento de un EPT.
2. ¿Predecir lo que pasaría al feto si el saco
amniótico se rompió demasiado pronto?
3. ¿Cómo se relaciona la placenta con la salud
de un feto?
4. ¿Cómo es el cordón umbilical y ombligo
relacionada con el feto?
5. ¿Cuál es el camino de un espermatozoide
deben tomar para llegar al principio de óvulo
en la vagina?
6. ¿Qué es un embrión similar a un feto y cómo
se diferencian?
7. Una mujer está embarazada y no quiere tener
sexo porque el pene puede lastimar al bebé.
HW: Birth
Pgs. 448-450
-5
Facts/Page
Answer Pg.
453 #28-30
Ch-18 Section 3 Rev. #1 Pregnancy

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Fraternal Twins: two
different eggs fertilized by
two different sperms
Development
Chapter 18

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Identical Twins: single
fertilized egg that split.
Development
Chapter 18
Can they sometimes be
one girl and one boy?
Identical Twin Formation

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Conjoined Twins / Siamese Twins: are identical twins that did
not separate. Extremely rare, estimated to range from 1 in
100,000 births, with a somewhat higher incidence in Southeast
Asia, Africa and Brazil. Approximately half are stillborn, and an
additional one-third die within 24 hours.
Development
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
Development
Chapter 18
Conjoined Twins / Siamese Twins
Conjoined Twins
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITapW5W5b5w

R.G. Estrella
Some Hindus believe the little girl is the reincarnation of the
Goddess Lakshmi, because of the number of arms. Some
threatened any doctor who tried to perform any surgery on the
little girl.
1. How might you test to see if she is a regular human girl?
2. Formulate a theory as to why she looks the way she does.

R.G. Estrella
Ch.18 Section 3 Review 2 -Twins
1. Explain the connection between HCG,
Zygote and the EPT
2. Explain the purpose of the Amnion /
Amniotic Sac and its connection with birth.
3. What is the connection between the period
and the placenta
4. What is the connection between ovaries,
ovum and fallopian tubes.
5. Elaborate on how fraternal twins are formed
6. Elaborate on how identical twins are formed
7. How do conjoined twins and identical twins
similar and how are they different?
8. How is the navel related to the umbilical
cord and the fetus?
9. How would you test to see if two children
are identical twins?

R.G. Estrella
Ch.18 Section 3 Review 2 -Twins
1. Explica la conexión entre HCG, el cigoto y el EPT
2. explicar el propósito del amnios / saco amniótico y
su conexión con dar luz.
3. Cuál es la conexión entre el periodo y la placenta
4. Cuál es la conexión entre los ovarios, el óvulo y
las trompas de Falopio.
5. Elabora en forma fraternales gemelos son formado
6. Elabora sobre cómo se forman los gemelos
idénticos
7. ¿Cómo son gemelos siameses y gemelos
idénticos similares y cómo se diferencian?
8. ¿Cómo está relacionado con el ombligo cordón
umbilical y el feto?
9. ¿Cómo usted pondría a prueba para ver si dos
niños son gemelos idénticos?

R.G. Estrella
Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancy
• Some ways to stay healthy before and during
pregnancy include:
• Avoid alcohol,
tobacco, caffeine,
and other drugs.
• Maintain a nutritious
diet.
• Take prenatal
vitamins prescribed
by a doctor.
Development
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: a set of defects on an infant
that has been exposed to alcohol during pregnancy.
Development
Chapter 18

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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Ultrasound
Development
Chapter 18

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Miscarriage: death of a fetus before the 20th
week.
Most occur during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
About 50% of pregnancies end in miscarriage and
sometimes the woman doesn’t even know she is
pregnant.
Development
Chapter 18

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Ectopic Pregnancy: Zygote gets stuck in
fallopian tube and dies.
Development
Chapter 18

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Still-Birth: The birth of a dead child or
fetus.
There are now four studies that have
shown that sleeping on your back can
increase the risk of stillbirth. It doesn’t
appear this can cause problems by itself,
but can be significant for babies that are at
risk for other reasons first.

R.G. Estrella
1. How long is a trimester?
2. Define Prenatal
3. How is ultrasound related to the
health of the fetus?
4. Elaborate on what pregnant
women can do to increase their
chances of having healthy babies.
5. How is alcohol related to fetus
alcohol syndrome?
6. Form a theory as to why a
miscarriage might happen.
7. Sketch the female diagram & label
the uterus, fallopian tubes,
ovaries, cervix, vagina.
Development
Chapter 18
HW: P. 453 Choose one of the activities. # 24, 25 or 26.
Ch-18 Sec. 3 Rev. #3 -Development
In the
Womb

R.G. Estrella
Gestational Diabetes: diabetes during
pregnancy. Typically goes away after birth.
But it may indicate you’re at a high risk of
getting diabetes at a later age.
Development
Chapter 18

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Premature baby: birth before full term.
Development
Chapter 18
Premature baby

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Cesarean Section: surgery to remove
the fetus. (sketch transverse & breech)
Development
Chapter 18
Placental abruption
is the separation of
the placenta from the
uterine lining.
Placenta Previa: a
condition where the
placenta lies low in
the uterus and
partially or
completely covers
the cervix. The
placenta may
separate from the
uterus during birth
and block the

R.G. Estrella
Cesarean Section
Development
Chapter 18
Caesarean

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Epidural: regional anesthesia that blocks pain in
certain areas, especially used for child-birth.
Development
Chapter 18

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Development
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
Birth
Development
Chapter 18

R.G. Estrella
Development
Chapter 18
Placenta comes out after baby
Childbirth
Delivery Raw
Footage

R.G. Estrella
Placenta
Development
Chapter 18
After-birth is all the stuff that
comes out after the baby.
Is it worth the pain? …

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The Cute Baby!
Development
Chapter 18
Labor & Delivery for
Teens Video

R.G. Estrella
If Crying Excessively:
•Diaper check
•Hungry
•Tired
•Sick
•Leave the room for a short while if you need a break
– or ask someone else to watch the baby for a bit.
Never Shake A
Baby
Forever
Shaken

R.G. Estrella
End of the Show!
Chapter 18 Reproduction, Pregnancy, and
Development

R.G. Estrella
1. How is an embryo, fetus & baby alike and different?
2. How is the amnion and placenta alike and how is it
different?
3. Can you elaborate the reason why identical twins are
always the same gender and fraternal twins can be
same or different genders?
4. As a medical worker, how would you test to see if a
woman has an ectopic pregnancy? (your ideas)
5. How is a transverse or breech fetus position related to
a cesarean section?
6. How is the after-birth and birth alike and how are they
different?
7. Your friend calls you and says he is alone baby-sitting
and can’t take the crying baby anymore. Suggest three
things he could do?
Ch-18 Section 3 Rev. #4

R.G. Estrella
1. ¿Cómo es un embrión, feto y bebé por igual y
diferente?
2. 2. ¿Cómo es el amnios y placenta por igual y cuál es
la diferencia?
3. Puede elaborar la razón ¿por qué los gemelos
idénticos son siempre del mismo género y gemelos
fraternales pueden ser iguales o diferentes géneros?
4. Como un trabajador médico, ¿cómo pondría usted a
prueba para ver si una mujer tiene un embarazo
ectópico? (tus ideas)
5. ¿Cómo se relaciona una posición transversa o
podálica del feto con una cesárea?
6. ¿Cómo es el post-parto y el nacimiento igual y cómo
son diferentes?
7. Tu amigo te llama y dice que es solo de niñera y no
puede tomar al bebé llora más. ¿Sugerir tres cosas
que podría hacer?
Ch-18 Section 3 Rev. #4

R.G. Estrella
• 15 Multiple
Choice on
Reproduction
• List 3 answers to
choose from and
circle the correct
letter for the
answer.
• No ridiculous
questions/answers
• No true/false or
yes/no
Development
Chapter 18
TEST ON …

R.G. Estrella
• 15 flash cards on
Female Reproduction
• Cut a paper into 8 cards.
• No ridiculous
questions/answers
• No true/false or yes/no
• Use the top card for your
full name, period, date
and title: “Female
Reproduction”
DevelopmentChapter 18
TEST ON …

R.G. Estrella
Birth Video
National Geographic – In The
Womb
https://www.youtube.com/watch?ti
me_continue=2&v=33R2zTGK1e
M
National Geographic In the Womb
Use the “video note taker” worksheet found at
www.mrestrella.com under “worksheets.”

Health -Reproduction

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