Assisted Reproductive Technology presentation by Arowojolu Boluwaji S. practices of assisted reproductive technology, controversies of assisted reproductive technology. ART Techniques of ART, role of nurses in ART. regulations of ART. test tube baby. concept of assisted reproductive technology. ovulation induction, invitro fertilization.
Ethical issues associated with fertility treatmentChris Willmott
These slides are from a talk I was invited to give at the Teacher Scientist Network (www.tsn.org.uk) Master Class on Reproductive Technologies.
This turns out to be a series of CPD events for science teachers from East Anglia, hosted on the Norwich Research Park. The aim of the events is specifically to inform teachers about cutting edge developments in biology and biomedicine (rather than, say, discuss suitable classroom activities). It looks like they've got a really good thing going - congratulations to Phil Smith who organises the TSN.
Details of the day can be found at http://tinyurl.com/tsnfertility My slides are presented her unaltered from the version I used on the day. With hindsight, on the basis of discussion after the talk, I might have added in a couple of things. For example, I gather that from an Islamic perspective the soul is not believed to have entered the body at the time when PGD would be conducted and hence this is culturally acceptable (and preferable to, for example, a later termination).
see more resources at bioethicsbytes.wordpress.com
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
First Successful IVF: Birth of Louise Brown in 1978
Rapid developments in the field of ART
Moral panic
Ethics
Ethical issues
Ethical concerns
Moral issues
Social issues
Religion
Case study
i. Intrauterine insemination (IUI).
ii. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF and ET).
iii. Gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT).
iv. Zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIPT).
v. Intra-vaginal culture (IVC).
vi. Cytoplasmic transfer (CT).
The Assisted Reproductive Techniques - ART (IVF, IUI, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI etc.)Muhammad Anas Shamsi
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat infertility. It includes fertility treatments that handle both a woman's egg and a man's sperm. It works by removing eggs from a woman's body. The eggs are then mixed with sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the woman's body. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common and effective type of ART.
Ethical issues associated with fertility treatmentChris Willmott
These slides are from a talk I was invited to give at the Teacher Scientist Network (www.tsn.org.uk) Master Class on Reproductive Technologies.
This turns out to be a series of CPD events for science teachers from East Anglia, hosted on the Norwich Research Park. The aim of the events is specifically to inform teachers about cutting edge developments in biology and biomedicine (rather than, say, discuss suitable classroom activities). It looks like they've got a really good thing going - congratulations to Phil Smith who organises the TSN.
Details of the day can be found at http://tinyurl.com/tsnfertility My slides are presented her unaltered from the version I used on the day. With hindsight, on the basis of discussion after the talk, I might have added in a couple of things. For example, I gather that from an Islamic perspective the soul is not believed to have entered the body at the time when PGD would be conducted and hence this is culturally acceptable (and preferable to, for example, a later termination).
see more resources at bioethicsbytes.wordpress.com
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
First Successful IVF: Birth of Louise Brown in 1978
Rapid developments in the field of ART
Moral panic
Ethics
Ethical issues
Ethical concerns
Moral issues
Social issues
Religion
Case study
i. Intrauterine insemination (IUI).
ii. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF and ET).
iii. Gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT).
iv. Zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIPT).
v. Intra-vaginal culture (IVC).
vi. Cytoplasmic transfer (CT).
The Assisted Reproductive Techniques - ART (IVF, IUI, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI etc.)Muhammad Anas Shamsi
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat infertility. It includes fertility treatments that handle both a woman's egg and a man's sperm. It works by removing eggs from a woman's body. The eggs are then mixed with sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the woman's body. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common and effective type of ART.
THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY REGULATION RULES, 2010
Members of drafting committee11 members
1- Sr Advocate Supreme Court of India
2 – Public Interest Legal Support and Research
3 – Dept of Family Welfare, M of Fam Wel and Research
5 – experts from the field of Reproductive Medicine
PGD is a state-of-the-art procedure used in conjunction with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in which the embryo is tested for certain conditions prior to being placed in the womb of the woman.
ART refers to methods used to achieve pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means.
• INCLUDES- artificial insemination, In vitro fertilization (IVF) , Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or Tubal Embryo Transfer, Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) , Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
MEDICO LEGAL ISSUES In Infertility & IVF DR. SHARDA JAIN Dr. Jyoti Agarwal ...Lifecare Centre
MEDICO LEGAL ISSUES In Infertility & IVF DR. SHARDA JAIN Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Jyoti Bhaskar
HISTORY of IVF
THE WORLD FIRST IVF BABY..LOUISE BROWN 25/7/1978
WORLD 2nd but INDIA,s first undocumented IVF BABY..KANUPRIYA [DURGA]…was born
67 days later on 3/10/1978 through effort of
DR SUBHAS MUKHERJEE****Mainly went unnoticed
BABY HARSHA 6/8/1986 …
BOMBAY KEM HOSPITAL + ICMR Effort.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the process of fertilizing an egg with sperm outside the body in a
laboratory setting and then implanting and developing the embryo in the woman's uterus, where it
will implant and grow into a baby.
THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY REGULATION RULES, 2010
Members of drafting committee11 members
1- Sr Advocate Supreme Court of India
2 – Public Interest Legal Support and Research
3 – Dept of Family Welfare, M of Fam Wel and Research
5 – experts from the field of Reproductive Medicine
PGD is a state-of-the-art procedure used in conjunction with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in which the embryo is tested for certain conditions prior to being placed in the womb of the woman.
ART refers to methods used to achieve pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means.
• INCLUDES- artificial insemination, In vitro fertilization (IVF) , Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or Tubal Embryo Transfer, Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) , Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
MEDICO LEGAL ISSUES In Infertility & IVF DR. SHARDA JAIN Dr. Jyoti Agarwal ...Lifecare Centre
MEDICO LEGAL ISSUES In Infertility & IVF DR. SHARDA JAIN Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Jyoti Bhaskar
HISTORY of IVF
THE WORLD FIRST IVF BABY..LOUISE BROWN 25/7/1978
WORLD 2nd but INDIA,s first undocumented IVF BABY..KANUPRIYA [DURGA]…was born
67 days later on 3/10/1978 through effort of
DR SUBHAS MUKHERJEE****Mainly went unnoticed
BABY HARSHA 6/8/1986 …
BOMBAY KEM HOSPITAL + ICMR Effort.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the process of fertilizing an egg with sperm outside the body in a
laboratory setting and then implanting and developing the embryo in the woman's uterus, where it
will implant and grow into a baby.
Couples in Jaipur seeking IVF treatment can benefit from the newest fertility therapies and technology offered by the International Fertility Centre, including cutting-edge IVF lab procedures, novel embryo selection methods, specialist fertility drugs, and top-notch fertility care.
IVF treatment can be a life-changing option for couples struggling with infertility. It is important to understand the process, risks, and benefits before making a decision. If you are considering IVF treatment, consult with a Best Fertility Doctor In Bangladesh
Hegde Fertility Centre offers the most advanced and efficient infertility treatments with the primary goal of being a centre par excellence that is focused on bringing avant-garde facilities, state-of-the-art labs, highly trained experts, and a dedicated caring staff for fulfilling a couple’s desire of having a baby. A team of embryologists, infertility consultants, and reproductive surgery specialists work together to provide a wide range of treatments from basic infertility care to the most advanced procedures to gift the joy of parenthood for couples. For more details visit https://hegdefertility.com
Similar to Assisted Reproductive Technology in Nigeria: Practices and Controversies (20)
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) refer to
all treatments or procedures that include the in vitro
fertilization (IVF), handling of human oocytes and
sperm or embryos for the purpose of establishing a
pregnancy
ART encompasses a variety of technologies, some
used to initiate pregnancy and others more specifically
used to increase the likelihood and/or to test for the
presence of certain genes so that prospective parents
can choose which embryos to implant after IVF
INTRODUCTION
3. • Explain the concept of assisted reproductive technology
• Describe the techniques involved in assisted reproductive
technology
• Discuss the risks associated with assisted reproductive
technology
• Discuss the regulations and controversies surrounding
assisted reproductive technology
• Discuss the role of nurses in assisted reproductive technology
4. Concept of assisted reproductive technology
Since the first ‘test-tube baby’ Louise Brown was born
in Britain in 1978, more than a million children have
been born through ART
Most women result into the use of ART because of
infertility. Infertility is the inability to conceive after 12
months of unprotected sexual intercourse
Other users of ART are single women and men,
lesbians, gays, transgender couples who which to form
genetically-related families.
5. Techniques involved in assisted reproductive technology
1. Ovulation induction
2. Intrauterine insemination
3. In vitro fertilization
4. Satellite in vitro fertilization techniques
6. 1. Ovulation induction
• Simplest method of ART
• Applied when the woman is unable to release ova
every month e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome
• Example of drug is Clomiphene and gonadotropins
7. 2. Intrauterine Insemination
Appropriately prepared sperm is
transferred into the woman’s uterus
Indications: mild to moderate sperm
disorders, unexplained infertility, suspicion
of cervical factor infertility, azoospermia
If there is no pregnancy after 3 – 4
inseminations, application of IVF is
considered. Success rate is 18 – 20%.
8. It is the most advanced method of ART.
Fertilization takes place outside the woman’s
reproductive system (in the laboratory)
Indications: obstructed fallopian tubes, disordered
sperms, advanced age of the woman, genetic diagnosis
before implantation, pregnancy into the uterus of a
surrogate mother, repeated failures of simpler ART
methods
3. In vitro fertilization
9. i. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: administration of
gonadotropins to obtain more than 1 woman’s ova so as to increase
efficiency and transfer the embryo with the best quality.
ii. Oocyte retrieval (egg collection): eggs contained in the
follicles are collected after stimulation. The husband gives semen at this
stage. Thereafter, vaginal gel (progesterone + low-dose aspirin +
cortisone + antibiotics) is administered for few days to prepare the
endometrium to accept the fertilized egg.
Stages of routine IVF methods
10. iii. In-vitro fertilization: stage of fertilization where
ova and spermatozoa are placed in a culture
medium
iv. Embryo transfer: the fertilized ova is transferred
into the woman’s uterus with the aid of a special
syringe through a thin catheter
v. Post embryo transfer period: the most stressful
period. Woman is under strict supervision and drug
regimen. Pregnancy is established by blood
chorionic gonadotropin level and not by urine
11. 4. Embryo
cryopreservation-
Thawed embryo
transfer
5. Egg
cryopreservation
6. Egg donation
These techniques are the recent advancement in
ART. They include:
4. Satellite in vitro fertilization techniques
1. Intracytoplasmic sperm
injection (ICSI)
2. Assisted Hatching
3. Blastocyst culture
7. Gamete intrafallopian
transfer (GIFT) or
Zygote intrafallopian
transfer (ZIFT)
8. Microsurgical sperm
retrieval
9. Preimplantation
genetic diagnosis
12. I. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Essential for couples with serious sperm disorder.
The zona of the oocyte is cut and the spermatozoa is
inserted
II. Assisted Hatching
Applied in a case when the zona pellucida is too hard
which prevent the embryo from escaping in order to
implant
Used in women of advanced age
13. III. Blastocyst culture
> Normally, implantation occurs at blastocyst stage.
> Some embryos are cultured until they reach the blastocyst stage
so as to ensure their survival.
IV. Embryo cryopreservation – Thawed embryo transfer
> Spare embryos that remains after ovarian stimulation/IVF cycles
are cryopreserved at extremely low temperatures (-196°c) for a
long time.
> A thawed embryo transfer (cryopreserved embryo) is transferred
whenever the couples are ready to have a pregnancy
14. V. Egg cryopreservation
> Eggs of women are preserved at extreme low temperature
used by women who are going to receive chemotherapy that may
damage their ovaries and women who are not planning to have a
family in the near future
VI. Egg donation
> It is an option for women who suffer premature ovarian
function, early menopause, removed ovaries, numerous IVF
failures, explained miscarriages, bad quality embryos
> Egg is donated from another woman and fertilized by the
husband semen.
15. VII. GIFT or ZIFT
GIFT- ova and spermatozoa are inserted through special catheters into
the woman’s fallopian tube to achieve fertilization inside the lumen.
ZIFT- 1 day old embryo is transferred into the fallopian tube.
> Used by women with endometriosis, those who want to perform
diagnostic laparoscopy + IVF the same time, couples who have religious
restrictions against IVF
16. IX. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
> Used in couples when 1/both partners have a genetic disease
that has the likelihood of being transferred to the offspring.
> There is alteration of the gene of the embryo before
implantation in the uterus
VIII. Microsurgical sperm retrieval
It replaced sperm donation in men with azoospermia.
> Sperm is either extracted or aspirated via a microsurgery
17. • A child born through ART is presumed to be the legitimate
child of the couple having been born within the wedlock
and with consent of both spouses with all the attendant
rights of parentage, support and inheritance
• Sperm/oocyte donor do not have parental right over a child
and their anonymity is protected
Legitimacy of a child born through ART
18. 1. Ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome characterized by
• swollen and painful ovaries . Nausea
• vomiting . Bloated abdomen
• Vomiting . Anorexia
• Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
• Weight gain
• Electrolyte abnormalities
It resolves on its own, severe cases can be managed in hospital
Risks of ART
2. Egg retrieval carries the risk of bleeding, infection, damage
to bowel, bladder or blood vessel
20. Regulations and controversies surrounding ART
Roman catholic church stated that IVF is illicit and should not
be used by the Faithful
There is no law guiding ART in Nigeria despite the long
duration of practice. Most ART centers in Nigeria operate
under the guidelines of Human Fertilization and Embryology
Act (HFEA)
Embryo transfer is limited to about 2 in women under
40years and 3 in women over 40years in UK, Italy allows
only heterosexual couples
Gamete donation is restricted by religious and cultural
traditions. Compensation is restricted so as to protect women
from abuse. To what extent should anonymity of the donor be
protected?
21. Varying years of cryopreservation as in Brazil which
allows for 3years, UK and Finland allow for more than 5
years
Most countries do not allow the destruction of Embryos
e.g. Germany, Italy. All embryos must be implanted into
the woman
Other areas of concerns include: Multiple pregnancies, status
of the conceptus, posthumous reproduction, Surrogacy ,
welfare of the child, accessibility
Regulations and controversies surrounding ART cont’d
22. Regulation in Nigeria
Virtually all forms of ART are now available in Nigeria
There is no law governing the practice of ART in Nigeria
despite the relatively long duration of practice
23. Nurses role in assisted reproductive technology
• Nurses should advocate for the availability of good
information and public participation in shaping policies
about assisted reproductive technologies
• Nurses should give priority to health promotion and disease
preventive approaches to be known causes of infertility which aid
in efficient means of increasing fertility
• Nurses should provide unbiased counseling to clients in referring
them to reproductive specialists as required and in translating
technical medical information to those struggling to make choices
about their use of reproductive technologies
24. Recommendations
• Health providers and program managers should safeguard clients’
health by providing education on the biological causes of infertility
and the links between untreated or improperly treated STIs and
infertility
• Governments should invest in more quality-control and
enact regulatory policies to help prevent exploitation of
patients in low-resource settings
• Seminars and workshops should be put in place so as to
enlighten health care workers especially nurses about
modern ART techniques
25. References
• Ajayi, R., Parsons, J. & Bolton, V. (2009). Live births after intracytoplasmic sperm injection
in the management of oligospermia and azoospermia in Nigeria. African Journal of
Reproductive Health, 7(3),121-124. Retrieved on March 25, 2016, from
http://www.jstor.org/pss/3583352.
• American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2015). Assisted Reproductive technology: A
guide for patients. American society for Reproductive Medicine: Author
• Armour, K. (2012). An overview of surrogacy around the world: Trends, questions and
ethical issues. Nursing Women’s Health, 16 (2), 231-236.
• Barritt, J. (2011). Mitochondria in human offspring derived from ooplasmic
transplantation. Human Reproduction, 16, 513–516.
•
• Vayena, E., Rowe, P. & Griffin, P. (2011). Current practices and controversies in assisted
reproduction: Report of a Meeting on Medical, Ethical and Social Aspects of Assisted
Reproduction. WHO, Geneva: Switzerland.
•
• Veleva, Z., Orava, M. & Tapanainen, J., (2013). Factors affecting the outcome of
frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Human Reproduction , 28, 2425-31.
26. • Battaglia, D. (2011). Failure of oocyte activation after intracytoplasmic
sperm injection using round-headed sperm. Journal of Fertility and
Sterility, 68(6), 118–122.
•
• Bello, F., Akinajo, O. & Olayemi, O. (2014). In-vitro fertilization, gamete
donation and surrogacy: Perceptions of women attending an infertility
clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health,18,
127-33.
•
• Brezina, P. & Zhao, Y. (2012). The Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues
Impacted by Modern Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Obstetrics and
Gynecology International Journal, 28 (3), 62 – 72.
• Bonduelle , M. (2011). Seven years of intracytoplasmic sperm injection
and follow-up of 1987 subsequent children. Human Reproduction, 14 (1):
243–264.
• Butler, P. (2008). Assisted reproduction in developing countries: Facing up
to the issues. Reproductive Health Resolution, 63(4), 1-8.
• Sherman, J. (2010). Banks for frozen human semen: current status and
prospects. Washington, National Academy of Sciences, 78–91.
27. • Cha, K. & Chian, R. (2014). Maturation in vitro of immature human oocytes for clinical
use. Human Reproduction Update, 4, 103–120.
•
• Cooke, I. & Lim, K. (2010). Implantation. In P. O’Brien (Eds.), The Year Book of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology (3rd ed., pp. 206-222). London, RCOG Press.
•
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