This document provides information about different types of fish, including sharks, rays, and bony fish. It begins with an overview of the phylum Chordata and its subphylum Vertebrata. It then discusses the two classes of fish - cartilaginous fish (Class Chondrichthyes, including sharks and rays) and bony fish (Class Osteichthyes). The document provides details on the characteristics, anatomy, reproduction, and examples of different shark, ray, and bony fish species. It concludes with discussions of threats facing sharks and opportunities for viewing whales and fish recreationally.

1. Chordates
Fish
Mr. R. Estrella

2. Classification Chart
Phylum Chordata
• Subphylum Vertebrata
• Class Osteichthyes – bony fish
• Class Chondrichthyes – cartilaginous
fish

3. Phylum - Chordata
• Dorsal: top
• Ventral: underneath
• Pectoral: chest

4. Class:
Chondrichthyes
includes sharks, rays
and skates.
• Sharks and rays
share a basic
anatomy.
Characteristics:
• jawed fish
• lack a swim bladder
• cartilaginous
skeletons.

5. •Sharks have a sense
of smell that detects
incredibly diluted
substances.
•Sharks have a
“conveyor belt” of
multiple rows of
teeth. The new
teeth swing into
place as old teeth
wear out and fall
away.
5 - 5
Class: Chondrichthyes

6. Sharks and rays have lateral lines – detect water
motion and vibrations.
Class: Chondrichthyes

7. Sharks and rays have organs called ampullae of
Lorenzini which you can see as visible pits near their
snouts used to detect the electrical current created by
muscles and nerves of other animals.
Class: Chondrichthyes
Inside Natures Giants - The Great
White Shark Part 1

8. •Fewer, but more mature
offspring.
•Most fertilize eggs
internally.
•Males deposit sperm in the
female via a pair of
claspers
•Females lay egg cases that
develop for up to six
months.
Class: Chondrichthyes
Shark Birth Hatching

9. •A few shark species are ovoviviparous – the eggs
hatch within the mother’s body.
•They give birth to live young rather than egg cases.
Class: Chondrichthyes
Birth - Lemon Shark
The Great White Shark Part 2

10. Whale Shark
• Shark size ranges from
hand-sized to the
whale shark – the largest
fish.
• Whale sharks can reach
14m/46 feet.
• Basking sharks can reach
10m/33 feet.
• Megamouth sharks can
reach 6m/20 feet.
• All three are filter feeders
that consume plankton.
Whale Shark Clip

11. Shark Cage Diving for Tourists
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=idIaMgebXRI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=81&v=Sz4bPQmqUrM

12. Sharks & Rays Review 1
1. What type of animals are in class chondrichthyes?
2. List three characteristics of sharks & rays.
3. What is the ampullae of lorenzini for?
4. What are lateral lines for?
5. What is special about shark teeth?
6. Electroreception
7. Which gender of sharks has claspers?
8. What are two ways sharks give birth?
9. What is the largest fish in the world?
10. List three things you found most interesting about
sharks or rays.
The Great White Shark Part 3

13. Many sharks are in danger of
going extinct due to human
activities.
Sharks are typically not
dangerous to humans – we
don’t taste good to them.
5 - 13
Sharks in Peril
Woman Swims With Whiite Sharks

14. 1. Shark nets
Sharks in Peril
Sharks are in trouble- Nets

15. 2. Shark Fin Soup
Sharks in Peril
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_cont
inue=1&v=mCqPXhhxZIg
PSA - Yao Ming 姚明 Shark Fin
Soup

16. 3. Sport Fishing
Sharks in Peril
Shark Fishing TX

17. Rays, Skates &
Guitarfish
• Ray anatomy is suited to
life on sandy bottoms or
midwater.
• Adapted to midwater are
the eagle ray and manta
ray.
• Pectoral fins have
become “wings” that
stretch forward over the
gills and are fused to the
sides of the head.
5 - 17

18. Rays
•No longer need a tail for
swimming, (the tail has
become a defensive whip in
some species.)
•Rays “fly” through the water.
•The largest rays are mantas
with wingspans exceeding 8
meters (26 feet).
•Like the largest shark, the
mantas feed on plankton.
The Secret World of Sharks and Rays

19. Sharks & Rays Review - 2
1. What animals are in class chondrichthyes?
2. What are two differences b/w fish and sharks/rays?
3. What are lateral lines for?
4. Electroreception
5. Why do people cut the fins off sharks?
6. What is the tail of the ray used for?
7. What is the largest ray?
8. At what depth in the water do most rays live in?
9. What do the largest rays feed on?
10. What are three things reducing the shark
population?
Quiz next time

20. Title: Sharks in Peril
• Write an essay that includes the three topics listed below.
Your essay should be persuasive in protecting the world’s
sharks that are left. Typed, double space, Vocabulary
will be checked.
• Shark nets
• Shark fin soup
• Shark sport fishing
• Introduction paragraph (1)
• Paragraph per topic discussed (3)
• Conclusion paragraph (1)
• 5 paragraphs all together (typed)
HW: Essay – due in four days

21. Title: Sharks in Peril
Period 1
• Intro Paragraph – my name is … full name.
• Body: in the body paragraph of shark nets, write “most students in
my period had never heard of shark nets.
• Conclusion: in conclusion add “most people in period one were afraid
of sharks.
5 - 21

22. Title: Sharks in Peril
Period 3
• Intro Paragraph – my name is … full name.
• Body: in the body paragraph of shark fin, write “most students in my
period had never heard of shark fin soup.
• Conclusion: in conclusion add “most people in period four were
afraid of sharks.
5 - 22

23. Title: Sharks in Peril
Period 6
• Intro Paragraph – my name is … (full name).
• Body: in the body paragraph of sport fishing, write “most students in
my period had never heard of shark sport fishing.
• Conclusion: in conclusion add “most people in period five were afraid
of sharks.
5 - 23

24. Class: Osteichthyes
Characteristics:
•jawed fish with bone
skeletons.
•Most have scales.
•Most control buoyancy
using a swim bladder.
(This allows many species
to hover nearly motionless
in midwater.)

25. Class: Osteichthyes

26. Class: Osteichthyes
•Most bony fish reproduce externally. –
Spawning: The female lays her eggs, the male
immediately fertilizes them.
•Produce a vast number of off-spring with only a few
expected to survive to maturity.

27. Class: Osteichthyes
•Most open-ocean and schooling fish
have a lighter underside and dark
topside for concealment.
•Bony fish living in reefs and on the
bottom use survival strategies more
diverse and include concealment and
armor instead of swimming. For this
reason, you see far more diversity in
color, shape, and size among reef and
bottom fish.

28. Sport Fishing
Recreational fishing, also
called sport fishing,
is fishing for pleasure or
competition.
• The most common form of
recreational fishing is
done with a rod, reel, line,
hooks and any one of a
wide range of baits.

29. Sport Fishing
• Big-game fishing is
conducted from
boats to catch large
open-water species
such as tuna, sharks
and marlin. Noodling
and trout tickling are
also recreational
activities.

30. Sport Fishing
5 - 30
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue
=2&v=_qbHLZmzpms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue
=20&v=SMLBezzGrA0
https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing

31. 15 Flashcards on Fish
No T/F
Question on one side, answer on the other
No ridiculous answers
Top card is just a title card with your full name,
period, title and date
(extra credit if you use the Quizlet phone app
instead of paper)
Due day before the test

32. Salmon
•Important fish in California
Return of the Salmon

33. Schools of Fish
Do other animals do this?
- Next slide

34. Flock of birds

35. Herds

36. Whale Watching in California
• A study prepared for International Fund for Animal Welfare in 2009
estimated that 13 million people went whale watching globally in
2008.
• Whale watching generates $2.1 billion per annum in tourism revenue
worldwide, employing around 13,000 workers. The size and rapid
growth of the industry has led to complex and continuing debates
with the whaling industry about the best use of whales as a natural
resource.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continu
e=9&v=crosHj8uWfk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continu
e=23&v=-kRvV9Fe7Hw

37. Osteichthyes Review
1. What does “osteo” mean?
2. Swim Bladder
3. Spawn
4. Lateral line
5. Open Ocean
6. What are most fish color shading that live in the open
ocean?
7. What are some concerns regarding salmon?
8. What are two tourism activities that have to do with fish?
9. List three interesting things about bony fish.
10. List three interesting things about sharks and rays.

38. Test is next!