1. Health education aims to encourage healthy behaviors and lifestyles through learning processes that inform individuals and communities. It focuses on changing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to health.
2. Health education is defined by various organizations as a process of learning health-promoting behaviors through education. It encourages individuals to maintain and promote their own health.
3. Effective health education uses communication strategies like interpersonal interaction, mass media, and traditional media to disseminate health messages. It takes into account audience interests and needs to influence behaviors.
Concept of disease prevention and control 1234Rahman Shuvo
The document discusses different levels of disease prevention and control, including:
- Disease control aims to reduce a disease to an acceptable level in a community through primary prevention activities. Disease elimination interrupts transmission in a geographic area. Disease eradication completely eliminates a disease globally, as was done with smallpox.
- Other levels of disease prevention include primordial prevention of risk factors, primary prevention through vaccination and treatment, secondary prevention through early diagnosis and treatment, and tertiary prevention through disability limitation and rehabilitation.
- Effective disease prevention and control requires monitoring disease trends, surveillance programs, and addressing diseases through various intervention approaches like health promotion, immunization, treatment and rehabilitation.
Health exists on a spectrum, with death on one end and optimal well-being, as defined by the WHO, on the other. Along the spectrum are degrees of health from better to mild to severe sickness. An individual's health is dynamic and constantly changing, with what is considered maximum health one day potentially becoming minimum the next. There are varying levels of both health and illness.
Poverty is defined as a state of lacking sufficient income and resources to afford basic necessities. It impedes human progress and development by limiting access to things like adequate housing, healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition. This can increase morbidity and mortality rates. Poverty is caused by factors like illiteracy, lack of knowledge, poor living conditions, and social issues. It is associated with increased risk of diseases and health issues. Measuring socioeconomic status is important for understanding poverty levels. Poverty reduction efforts aim to increase access to resources and opportunities through programs, policies, and sustainable development goals. However, overcoming poverty faces ongoing challenges.
This document discusses different concepts of health. It defines health according to the World Health Organization as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. It then examines four main concepts of health: 1) the biomedical concept which sees health as the absence of disease, 2) the ecological concept which views health as a dynamic equilibrium between humans and their environment, 3) the psychosocial concept which recognizes social and psychological influences on health, and 4) the holistic concept which takes a multidimensional approach recognizing various social, economic, environmental and political influences on an individual's overall well-being.
This document provides an introduction to health promotion, including its historical background, concepts, frameworks, principles, approaches and aims. It discusses definitions of health promotion from various organizations. Key frameworks for conceptualizing health promotion are presented, including models by Beattie, Tones and Tilford, Caplan and Holland, and Naidoo and Wills. The document outlines five main approaches to health promotion: medical/preventative, behavioral change, educational, empowerment, and social change. Important policy documents that have shaped the field, such as the Ottawa Charter, are also mentioned.
This document discusses the evolution of concepts of health over time from a biomedical concept to more holistic concepts. It outlines 4 key concepts:
1) The biomedical concept views health as the absence of disease and sees the human body as a machine that can break down.
2) The ecological concept sees health as a dynamic equilibrium between humans and their environment, recognizing environmental and cultural factors.
3) The psychosocial concept acknowledges social, psychological, cultural, economic and political influences on individual health.
4) The holistic concept synthesizes earlier concepts and recognizes influences from social, economic, political, and environmental factors, defining health as a sound mind in a sound body within a healthy environment.
Communication is a two-way process of exchanging information between a sender and receiver. Effective health communication aims to bring about changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. It involves identifying objectives, appropriate messages and channels to reach the target audience. Some key models of health education include the medical, motivational, and social interventional models. Successful health communication utilizes a variety of methods like lectures, demonstrations, group discussions, and audio-visual aids to disseminate health information and motivate individuals and communities towards optimal health.
This document discusses principles of health education. It defines health education as informing, motivating, and helping people adopt healthy practices and lifestyles. The document outlines the communication process between a sender and receiver of a health message. It describes 13 main principles of effective health education, including credibility, interest, participation, and reinforcement. The document also discusses different approaches to health education, including individual, group, and mass approaches. It notes stages of health education and barriers to effective communication.
Concept of disease prevention and control 1234Rahman Shuvo
The document discusses different levels of disease prevention and control, including:
- Disease control aims to reduce a disease to an acceptable level in a community through primary prevention activities. Disease elimination interrupts transmission in a geographic area. Disease eradication completely eliminates a disease globally, as was done with smallpox.
- Other levels of disease prevention include primordial prevention of risk factors, primary prevention through vaccination and treatment, secondary prevention through early diagnosis and treatment, and tertiary prevention through disability limitation and rehabilitation.
- Effective disease prevention and control requires monitoring disease trends, surveillance programs, and addressing diseases through various intervention approaches like health promotion, immunization, treatment and rehabilitation.
Health exists on a spectrum, with death on one end and optimal well-being, as defined by the WHO, on the other. Along the spectrum are degrees of health from better to mild to severe sickness. An individual's health is dynamic and constantly changing, with what is considered maximum health one day potentially becoming minimum the next. There are varying levels of both health and illness.
Poverty is defined as a state of lacking sufficient income and resources to afford basic necessities. It impedes human progress and development by limiting access to things like adequate housing, healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition. This can increase morbidity and mortality rates. Poverty is caused by factors like illiteracy, lack of knowledge, poor living conditions, and social issues. It is associated with increased risk of diseases and health issues. Measuring socioeconomic status is important for understanding poverty levels. Poverty reduction efforts aim to increase access to resources and opportunities through programs, policies, and sustainable development goals. However, overcoming poverty faces ongoing challenges.
This document discusses different concepts of health. It defines health according to the World Health Organization as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. It then examines four main concepts of health: 1) the biomedical concept which sees health as the absence of disease, 2) the ecological concept which views health as a dynamic equilibrium between humans and their environment, 3) the psychosocial concept which recognizes social and psychological influences on health, and 4) the holistic concept which takes a multidimensional approach recognizing various social, economic, environmental and political influences on an individual's overall well-being.
This document provides an introduction to health promotion, including its historical background, concepts, frameworks, principles, approaches and aims. It discusses definitions of health promotion from various organizations. Key frameworks for conceptualizing health promotion are presented, including models by Beattie, Tones and Tilford, Caplan and Holland, and Naidoo and Wills. The document outlines five main approaches to health promotion: medical/preventative, behavioral change, educational, empowerment, and social change. Important policy documents that have shaped the field, such as the Ottawa Charter, are also mentioned.
This document discusses the evolution of concepts of health over time from a biomedical concept to more holistic concepts. It outlines 4 key concepts:
1) The biomedical concept views health as the absence of disease and sees the human body as a machine that can break down.
2) The ecological concept sees health as a dynamic equilibrium between humans and their environment, recognizing environmental and cultural factors.
3) The psychosocial concept acknowledges social, psychological, cultural, economic and political influences on individual health.
4) The holistic concept synthesizes earlier concepts and recognizes influences from social, economic, political, and environmental factors, defining health as a sound mind in a sound body within a healthy environment.
Communication is a two-way process of exchanging information between a sender and receiver. Effective health communication aims to bring about changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. It involves identifying objectives, appropriate messages and channels to reach the target audience. Some key models of health education include the medical, motivational, and social interventional models. Successful health communication utilizes a variety of methods like lectures, demonstrations, group discussions, and audio-visual aids to disseminate health information and motivate individuals and communities towards optimal health.
This document discusses principles of health education. It defines health education as informing, motivating, and helping people adopt healthy practices and lifestyles. The document outlines the communication process between a sender and receiver of a health message. It describes 13 main principles of effective health education, including credibility, interest, participation, and reinforcement. The document also discusses different approaches to health education, including individual, group, and mass approaches. It notes stages of health education and barriers to effective communication.
The document discusses health promotion and the roles of pharmacists. It defines health promotion as enabling people to control and improve their health through skills and environmental changes. Pharmacists are well-positioned to conduct health promotion activities due to their accessibility and knowledge. The document outlines various health promotion strategies pharmacists can implement, such as providing educational materials, hosting displays, and taking opportunities during medicine sales to discuss health topics.
This document provides an overview of epidemiology. It begins by defining epidemiology as the study of how diseases are distributed and spread in populations. It then discusses the history of epidemiology, highlighting figures like Hippocrates and John Snow. The document outlines the scope, aims, approaches and methods of epidemiology. It describes observational methods like descriptive studies and analytical studies including case-control and cohort designs. It also discusses experimental methods like randomized controlled trials. In summary, the document provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts, techniques and historical development of epidemiology as a scientific field of study.
The document discusses the determinants of health. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being according to the WHO. It then discusses 8 categories of health determinants: 1) biological factors like genetics, 2) behavioral and sociocultural conditions like lifestyle, 3) the environment, 4) socioeconomic conditions like income, education and occupation, 5) health services, 6) aging population, 7) gender, and 8) other factors like information, education, communication, rural development, and inter-sectoral coordination. Maintaining health requires considering both individual and external societal factors.
This document discusses the basic principles of health education and communication (IEC). It defines key terms like health education, information, and communication and explains the communication process. Some key points covered are:
- The goal of IEC is to raise health awareness and help people adopt healthy behaviors through informed decision making. It uses various approaches like mass media and interpersonal communication.
- Effective IEC is based on needs assessments, educational principles, and evaluation. It aims to promote specific, desirable behaviors and considers social influences on health.
- Principles of health education include establishing credibility, engaging interest, encouraging participation, providing motivation and reinforcement, teaching from simple to complex, leading by example, and incorporating feedback.
Significance of biostatistics in public healthParamjot Panda
Biostatistics is the application of statistics to biological data, especially related to human health and medicine. It involves collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and making inferences from data. Biostatistics is widely used in fields like public health, medical research, epidemiology, and clinical trials. It allows researchers to determine if treatments are effective, test vaccines, calculate treatment efficacy, understand disease transmission and mortality rates, and identify relationships between factors like smoking and cancer.
This document discusses concepts of health and disease. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. Health education aims to replace ignorance with knowledge to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles. Community health considers relationships between individuals and groups, while spiritual health involves self-realization. Determinants of health include genetic and lifestyle factors at the individual level and socioeconomic development, political will, availability of health services, and other environmental factors.
This document discusses various epidemiological terms used to measure disease frequency and distribution in a population. It defines rate, ratio, and proportion as different ways of comparing two quantities, with rate expressing the occurrence of an event over time, ratio comparing the relative sizes or values of two quantities without a time component, and proportion expressing one quantity as a percentage of the whole. It also defines various epidemiological measures including incidence, prevalence, attack rate, case fatality rate, and different types of mortality rates.
This document discusses communication skills in nursing. It defines communication and describes it as a process of exchanging information between individuals through symbols, signs or data. Good communication is important in nursing as it allows nurses to get their point across, inform patients, build rapport, educate, and promote understanding which helps in treatment. Communication can be verbal through speaking and listening, or non-verbal through body language, facial expressions, and other means. The document outlines various theories of communication and discusses interpersonal, intrapersonal, and group communication. It also describes the essential components of communication including the sender, message, channel, receiver and feedback. Barriers to effective communication and best practices for communication in nursing are also covered.
Methods and levels of health education pptSatyammahi
1. Individual education from health professionals in clinics allows people to ask questions and address doubts, but only reaches those who visit clinics.
2. Group discussions, panel discussions, workshops, conferences, demonstrations, and the mass media of television, radio, newspapers, films, and posters can be used for health education of large communities.
3. Health exhibitions at fairs and festivals allow personal communication while reaching many people.
1) The document discusses several models of health promotion, including those proposed by Caplan & Holland, Beattie, Tones & Tilfors, and Tannahill.
2) Caplan & Holland's model categorizes health promotion into four paradigms based on theories of knowledge and the nature of society: traditional, humanist, radical humanist, and radical structuralist.
3) Beattie's model generates four health promotion strategies based on the mode of intervention (authoritarian vs negotiated) and focus of intervention (individual vs collective).
Introduction to public health, definition, Preventive medicine vs public health, social medicine, community medicine, role of public health, public health practices, core activities
This presentation offers critical insight on the social determinants of health and public policy.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
1) This document discusses the four levels of prevention: primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
2) Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from developing in a population. Primary prevention takes place before disease onset by promoting healthy behaviors.
3) Secondary prevention involves early disease detection and treatment to prevent complications. Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing impairments and disabilities from established disease.
Public Health and infectious disease prevention discusses the history and concepts of public health including social medicine, community health, and achievements in public health such as vaccination programs. It also covers challenges like emerging infectious diseases and inequality. Infectious disease prevention strategies are discussed including vaccination, sanitation, and health education. Herd immunity is described as resistance to disease when a large proportion of a group is immune. Major infectious diseases causing death are identified as respiratory infections, HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis, and malaria.
1. Public health has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations like Egypt and Rome. Major developments include the establishment of sanitation systems, recognition of the role of environment in disease, and germ theory of disease.
2. Modern public health emerged in the 19th century during the Industrial Revolution and was driven by reforms to improve living conditions. Key figures included John Snow who established epidemiology and the importance of clean water.
3. Over time, public health has evolved through different phases from disease control to health promotion to social engineering and achieving health for all. Major programs and achievements have increased life expectancy while responding to new challenges such as HIV, SARS, and disasters.
Chapter one introduction to health educationhajji abdiqani
The document outlines an introductory course on health education, defining key terms like health, health education, and the various approaches used. It describes health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and defines health education as experiences designed to facilitate voluntary actions for health. The document also discusses the basic principles of health education, including that it should be needs-based and aim to change behaviors through effective communication strategies.
This document discusses surveillance in healthcare. It defines surveillance as the ongoing collection and analysis of health-related data for public health purposes. The document outlines different types of surveillance including passive, active, and sentinel surveillance. Passive surveillance relies on voluntary reporting while active surveillance stimulates more regular reporting. Sentinel surveillance monitors specific sites. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided. The document also discusses important qualities of an effective surveillance system such as simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value, representativeness, and timeliness.
This document discusses disease prevention and control. It outlines 4 levels of prevention: primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. It also discusses disease control, which aims to reduce transmission and the effects of disease. Key aspects of disease control include early diagnosis, notification, epidemiological investigation, isolation, quarantine, interrupting transmission through vaccination and other methods, and surveillance. The goal of disease prevention and control methods is to reduce the incidence, duration, and effects of infectious diseases.
Introduction to Health Education and Health Promotion Part 2dr natasha
This document provides an introduction to health education, including definitions, objectives, content, principles, methods, settings and evaluation. It defines health education as a process of providing information to promote, maintain and restore health. The objectives are to inform, motivate and guide people into health-promoting actions. Content areas discussed include nutrition, hygiene, disease prevention, and health services. Principles focus on interest, participation, comprehension and learning by doing. Methods vary by setting and can include campaigns, classes, and social marketing. Settings discussed are schools, workplaces, healthcare facilities, and communities. Evaluation is described as an ongoing and iterative process.
This document provides an overview of health promotion and health education. It defines health education as a process of providing information to help individuals and groups learn how to promote, maintain, and restore their health. The objectives of health education are to inform people, motivate them, and guide them into actions that promote health. Health education is a key measure for implementing health promotion goals and aims to develop a sense of responsibility for health at individual, family, and community levels. The document then discusses principles, methods, settings, and evaluation of health education programs.
The document discusses health promotion and the roles of pharmacists. It defines health promotion as enabling people to control and improve their health through skills and environmental changes. Pharmacists are well-positioned to conduct health promotion activities due to their accessibility and knowledge. The document outlines various health promotion strategies pharmacists can implement, such as providing educational materials, hosting displays, and taking opportunities during medicine sales to discuss health topics.
This document provides an overview of epidemiology. It begins by defining epidemiology as the study of how diseases are distributed and spread in populations. It then discusses the history of epidemiology, highlighting figures like Hippocrates and John Snow. The document outlines the scope, aims, approaches and methods of epidemiology. It describes observational methods like descriptive studies and analytical studies including case-control and cohort designs. It also discusses experimental methods like randomized controlled trials. In summary, the document provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts, techniques and historical development of epidemiology as a scientific field of study.
The document discusses the determinants of health. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being according to the WHO. It then discusses 8 categories of health determinants: 1) biological factors like genetics, 2) behavioral and sociocultural conditions like lifestyle, 3) the environment, 4) socioeconomic conditions like income, education and occupation, 5) health services, 6) aging population, 7) gender, and 8) other factors like information, education, communication, rural development, and inter-sectoral coordination. Maintaining health requires considering both individual and external societal factors.
This document discusses the basic principles of health education and communication (IEC). It defines key terms like health education, information, and communication and explains the communication process. Some key points covered are:
- The goal of IEC is to raise health awareness and help people adopt healthy behaviors through informed decision making. It uses various approaches like mass media and interpersonal communication.
- Effective IEC is based on needs assessments, educational principles, and evaluation. It aims to promote specific, desirable behaviors and considers social influences on health.
- Principles of health education include establishing credibility, engaging interest, encouraging participation, providing motivation and reinforcement, teaching from simple to complex, leading by example, and incorporating feedback.
Significance of biostatistics in public healthParamjot Panda
Biostatistics is the application of statistics to biological data, especially related to human health and medicine. It involves collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and making inferences from data. Biostatistics is widely used in fields like public health, medical research, epidemiology, and clinical trials. It allows researchers to determine if treatments are effective, test vaccines, calculate treatment efficacy, understand disease transmission and mortality rates, and identify relationships between factors like smoking and cancer.
This document discusses concepts of health and disease. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. Health education aims to replace ignorance with knowledge to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles. Community health considers relationships between individuals and groups, while spiritual health involves self-realization. Determinants of health include genetic and lifestyle factors at the individual level and socioeconomic development, political will, availability of health services, and other environmental factors.
This document discusses various epidemiological terms used to measure disease frequency and distribution in a population. It defines rate, ratio, and proportion as different ways of comparing two quantities, with rate expressing the occurrence of an event over time, ratio comparing the relative sizes or values of two quantities without a time component, and proportion expressing one quantity as a percentage of the whole. It also defines various epidemiological measures including incidence, prevalence, attack rate, case fatality rate, and different types of mortality rates.
This document discusses communication skills in nursing. It defines communication and describes it as a process of exchanging information between individuals through symbols, signs or data. Good communication is important in nursing as it allows nurses to get their point across, inform patients, build rapport, educate, and promote understanding which helps in treatment. Communication can be verbal through speaking and listening, or non-verbal through body language, facial expressions, and other means. The document outlines various theories of communication and discusses interpersonal, intrapersonal, and group communication. It also describes the essential components of communication including the sender, message, channel, receiver and feedback. Barriers to effective communication and best practices for communication in nursing are also covered.
Methods and levels of health education pptSatyammahi
1. Individual education from health professionals in clinics allows people to ask questions and address doubts, but only reaches those who visit clinics.
2. Group discussions, panel discussions, workshops, conferences, demonstrations, and the mass media of television, radio, newspapers, films, and posters can be used for health education of large communities.
3. Health exhibitions at fairs and festivals allow personal communication while reaching many people.
1) The document discusses several models of health promotion, including those proposed by Caplan & Holland, Beattie, Tones & Tilfors, and Tannahill.
2) Caplan & Holland's model categorizes health promotion into four paradigms based on theories of knowledge and the nature of society: traditional, humanist, radical humanist, and radical structuralist.
3) Beattie's model generates four health promotion strategies based on the mode of intervention (authoritarian vs negotiated) and focus of intervention (individual vs collective).
Introduction to public health, definition, Preventive medicine vs public health, social medicine, community medicine, role of public health, public health practices, core activities
This presentation offers critical insight on the social determinants of health and public policy.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
1) This document discusses the four levels of prevention: primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
2) Primordial prevention aims to prevent risk factors from developing in a population. Primary prevention takes place before disease onset by promoting healthy behaviors.
3) Secondary prevention involves early disease detection and treatment to prevent complications. Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing impairments and disabilities from established disease.
Public Health and infectious disease prevention discusses the history and concepts of public health including social medicine, community health, and achievements in public health such as vaccination programs. It also covers challenges like emerging infectious diseases and inequality. Infectious disease prevention strategies are discussed including vaccination, sanitation, and health education. Herd immunity is described as resistance to disease when a large proportion of a group is immune. Major infectious diseases causing death are identified as respiratory infections, HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis, and malaria.
1. Public health has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations like Egypt and Rome. Major developments include the establishment of sanitation systems, recognition of the role of environment in disease, and germ theory of disease.
2. Modern public health emerged in the 19th century during the Industrial Revolution and was driven by reforms to improve living conditions. Key figures included John Snow who established epidemiology and the importance of clean water.
3. Over time, public health has evolved through different phases from disease control to health promotion to social engineering and achieving health for all. Major programs and achievements have increased life expectancy while responding to new challenges such as HIV, SARS, and disasters.
Chapter one introduction to health educationhajji abdiqani
The document outlines an introductory course on health education, defining key terms like health, health education, and the various approaches used. It describes health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and defines health education as experiences designed to facilitate voluntary actions for health. The document also discusses the basic principles of health education, including that it should be needs-based and aim to change behaviors through effective communication strategies.
This document discusses surveillance in healthcare. It defines surveillance as the ongoing collection and analysis of health-related data for public health purposes. The document outlines different types of surveillance including passive, active, and sentinel surveillance. Passive surveillance relies on voluntary reporting while active surveillance stimulates more regular reporting. Sentinel surveillance monitors specific sites. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided. The document also discusses important qualities of an effective surveillance system such as simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value, representativeness, and timeliness.
This document discusses disease prevention and control. It outlines 4 levels of prevention: primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. It also discusses disease control, which aims to reduce transmission and the effects of disease. Key aspects of disease control include early diagnosis, notification, epidemiological investigation, isolation, quarantine, interrupting transmission through vaccination and other methods, and surveillance. The goal of disease prevention and control methods is to reduce the incidence, duration, and effects of infectious diseases.
Introduction to Health Education and Health Promotion Part 2dr natasha
This document provides an introduction to health education, including definitions, objectives, content, principles, methods, settings and evaluation. It defines health education as a process of providing information to promote, maintain and restore health. The objectives are to inform, motivate and guide people into health-promoting actions. Content areas discussed include nutrition, hygiene, disease prevention, and health services. Principles focus on interest, participation, comprehension and learning by doing. Methods vary by setting and can include campaigns, classes, and social marketing. Settings discussed are schools, workplaces, healthcare facilities, and communities. Evaluation is described as an ongoing and iterative process.
This document provides an overview of health promotion and health education. It defines health education as a process of providing information to help individuals and groups learn how to promote, maintain, and restore their health. The objectives of health education are to inform people, motivate them, and guide them into actions that promote health. Health education is a key measure for implementing health promotion goals and aims to develop a sense of responsibility for health at individual, family, and community levels. The document then discusses principles, methods, settings, and evaluation of health education programs.
Information education and communication (IEC) aims to improve health by increasing awareness, knowledge, and promoting behavior change. IEC provides new health information to encourage behaviors like adopting healthy lifestyles and properly using health services. It also seeks to improve skills and change attitudes. Effective IEC considers factors like the target audience's culture, available resources, existing knowledge and beliefs, and social influences. A variety of communication methods can be used including individual, group, and mass approaches.
The document discusses various aspects of communication in health education including:
1. It defines the key components of the communication process including the sender, receiver, message, channels, and feedback.
2. It describes different types of communication methods like one-way, two-way, verbal, and non-verbal communication.
3. It outlines principles of health education including creating interest, encouraging participation, understanding concepts, providing motivation and reinforcement, and using community leaders.
The document discusses the key components and principles of effective health communication. It outlines the communication process, including sender, message, channels, and feedback. It describes different types of communication like one-way, two-way, verbal, and non-verbal. The functions and methods of health communication are to provide information, education, motivation, and counseling to promote health. The principles of health education emphasize generating interest, ensuring participation and comprehension, providing motivation and reinforcement, and using community leaders.
This document discusses health education and promotion. It defines key terms like health, disease, illness, and wellness. It outlines the aims, principles, and methods of health education, including individual methods like counseling and interviews, and group methods like discussions, role-plays, and brainstorming. It describes the roles of health educators in communicating, assessing needs, planning and implementing strategies, and conducting research. The document emphasizes that health education aims to enable behavior and lifestyle changes conducive to health promotion.
This document provides an overview of health education. It defines health education as opportunities to improve health literacy and defines health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being. The objectives of health education are to inform people, motivate behavior change, and guide people into action. Health education uses various principles, educational aids like audiovisual tools, and methods including individual, group, and mass approaches. The stages of adoption of new ideas and practices are also outlined.
A process aimed at encouraging people to want to be healthy, to know how to stay healthy, to do what they can individually and collectively to maintain health and to seek help when needed.
HEALTH EDUCATION in community in nursinghealthelizakoirala3
Health education aims to increase knowledge and reinforce healthy behaviors. It involves changing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to health. The goals of health education are to help people realize health is an asset, acquire health knowledge to protect themselves from disease, and encourage them to address their own health problems using local resources. Effective health education follows principles like credibility, interest, participation, motivation, comprehension, repetition, learning by doing, and setting a good example.
What is health education? difference between health education and propoganda, audio and visual aids used to deliver health education. types of communication. Steps to plan a dental health education program.
The document discusses health education. It defines health education as promoting health and reducing disease through establishing changes in personal and group attitudes and behaviors. Health education aims to provide information to help people maintain their health, teach safe behaviors, and promote environmental and lifestyle changes. It involves educating people about health behaviors and bringing them to a state of health awareness. The goals of health education are to encourage healthy lifestyles, promote proper use of health services, provide knowledge and skills to solve health problems, and stimulate community participation in health.
This document provides information about health education. It begins with definitions of health and health education from WHO and other sources. The aims of health education are to help people understand health is a valuable asset and achieve optimal health through their own efforts. Objectives are to disseminate health knowledge, motivate behavior change, and guide people to healthy practices. The scope of health education includes topics like nutrition, hygiene, disease prevention, and use of health services. Principles of planning health education focus on community needs and interests and using local resources.
Health education aims to encourage healthy behaviors and lifestyles through increasing knowledge, improving skills, and changing attitudes. It can involve regulatory, service, health education, and primary healthcare approaches. Models of health education include the medical, motivation, and social intervention models. Health education covers individual, family, community, school, and occupational topics through various principles, contents, practices, and management strategies to ultimately promote health and well-being.
Health education aims to inform communities about healthy practices, lifestyle choices, and disease prevention. It does this through various approaches, including legal requirements, increasing access to healthcare, and educational programs. Effective health education motivates participation, ensures comprehension, incorporates learning by doing, and uses repetition. It also employs various aids like audio, visual, and audiovisual tools to communicate messages simply and clearly. The overall goal is to help people adopt healthier behaviors and facilitate acceptance of disease prevention measures.
Health education is an important tool for health professionals to communicate with clients about health problems. It aims to promote healthy behaviors and facilitate prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. Health education provides information, builds skills, and encourages behaviors that maintain health. It is a core component of primary health care and supports other PHC elements like nutrition, immunization, and treatment of common diseases. Health education approaches people at individual, community, and population levels to raise awareness and empower voluntary behavior change.
This document discusses health education and its importance. It defines health education as informing, motivating, and helping people adopt and maintain healthy practices. The key points are:
- Health education aims to ensure communities value health, equip people with skills to solve health problems themselves, and promote proper use of health services.
- Models of health education include cognitive (providing information), motivational (addressing barriers to applying information), and social intervention (addressing prerequisites for health like income, food, shelter).
- The principles of effective health education are interest, participation, starting from known concepts, comprehension, reinforcement, motivation, learning by doing, using respected leaders, and building good relationships.
- The process
Chapter one introduction to health education slide sharetimacade
This document outlines the introduction to a course on health education, defining key terms like health, health education, settings for health education, and principles of health education. The course will cover topics such as health and human behavior, working with communities, health communication, and planning health education programs. The document provides learning objectives and instructional methods for the course.
This document discusses health education and mental health. It defines health education as a process aimed at encouraging people to maintain and improve their health. The document outlines the aims and key principles of health education, including generating interest, ensuring credibility, promoting participation, and motivating behavior change. It also discusses the communication process, types of communication, barriers to communication, and the scope of information, education, and communication related to health and mental health. Specifically, it defines mental health and mental illness, and outlines the large burden that mental disorders place worldwide.
The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland located in the neck. It produces thyroid hormones such as T4 and T3 that regulate metabolism. The thyroid follicles contain colloid made of thyroglobulin, which iodine is attached to in order to produce the hormones. The hormones are then released into circulation and have widespread effects increasing the basal metabolic rate and promoting growth and development. Thyroid hormone production is regulated by TSH from the pituitary gland in a negative feedback loop. Disorders can result from too much or too little thyroid hormone production and affect many body systems.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the visual system. It discusses the major parts of the eye including the sclera, cornea, iris, retina, rods and cones. It describes how light is focused on the retina through the lens system and how visual signals are transmitted via the optic nerve and pathways to the visual cortex. It also covers topics like color vision, accommodation, dark adaptation and various eye movements.
This document summarizes the transport and exchange of respiratory gases in the body. It discusses the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes, factors that affect diffusion, and the roles of hemoglobin and bicarbonate ions in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve and factors that can shift it are also described.
Spermatogenesis is the process by which male germ cells develop into mature sperm cells. It begins at puberty and continues throughout a man's life. The process occurs in the testes and epididymis. In the testes, spermatogonia undergo mitosis and meiosis to form haploid spermatids. Spermatids then undergo spermiogenesis to form mature sperm, acquiring motility and other structures. Hormones like FSH, LH and testosterone regulate spermatogenesis, which produces several hundred million sperm daily.
Alveolar bone forms the sockets that hold teeth in place and is a component of the periodontium. It develops during tooth formation and is resorbed when teeth are lost. Alveolar bone consists of alveolar bone proper that lines tooth sockets and supporting alveolar bone made of cortical plates and spongy bone. It undergoes remodeling to accommodate tooth movement and is sensitive to pressure and functional demands, making it important for orthodontics and adapting to tooth loss.
Dentin is the hard tissue that forms the bulk of the tooth beneath enamel. It consists of a bone-like matrix with dentinal tubules that contain odontoblast processes and nerves. Dentin is less mineralized than enamel but provides strength and protects the pulp. The three main theories of dentin hypersensitivity are direct neural stimulation, transduction, and the most accepted hydrodynamic theory, which proposes that fluid movement in the dentinal tubules causes mechanical stimulation of intratubular nerves when exposed dentin is subjected to stimuli.
This document summarizes the specialized mucosa and papillae found on the dorsal surface of the tongue. It describes the four main types of papillae - filliform, fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae. It details their locations, histological features, and functions. The document also discusses taste buds and their role in gustation. Finally, it covers the clinical significance of some variations in tongue morphology and the differences seen in other species.
The document provides information on the structure and functions of the dental pulp. It begins with definitions and general anatomy, describing the pulp as a soft connective tissue enclosed within dentin. It then discusses the zones and structural features of the pulp in more detail. This includes the odontoblastic zone containing odontoblasts and nerve endings, the cell-free zone with capillaries and nerves, and the cell-rich zone with fibroblasts and blood vessels. Key cell types like odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and immune cells are also described. The functions of the pulp in dentin formation, nutrition, and defense are highlighted.
This document discusses the various sequelae that can result from pulpitis, including both acute and chronic forms of pulpitis, apical periodontitis, periapical abscess, osteomyelitis, and periapical cysts. It provides details on the etiology, clinical features, and treatment for each condition. Pulpitis can lead to further inflammation of the surrounding tissues like the apical periodontium and bone. Without proper treatment, pulpitis risks developing into more serious conditions such as apical abscesses or osteomyelitis that require surgical intervention.
This document provides an overview of forensic odontology and the role of dental evidence in various contexts. It discusses personal identification using dental records, identification in mass disasters, extracting dental DNA for identification, analyzing bite marks, and the duties of forensic odontologists, such as documenting evidence, comparing records, and testifying as expert witnesses. The key applications of forensic odontology include identifying unknown remains, assisting in mass disasters, and analyzing bite marks and other dental evidence in legal cases.
1. Amelogenesis involves the life cycle of ameloblasts from the pre-secretory to post-secretory phases as they form enamel.
2. In the secretory phase, ameloblasts deposit enamel matrix proteins and undergo partial mineralization, developing Tome's process which is responsible for enamel rod and interrod formation.
3. Enamel maturation then occurs, fully mineralizing the enamel from the dentin-enamel junction outward in a gradual process modulated by alternating ameloblast types.
The document discusses the periodontal ligament. It describes the periodontal ligament as the connective tissue that surrounds the root and connects it to the alveolar bone. It is made up of principal fibers, cells, ground substance, blood vessels and nerves. The principal fibers are organized into groups like the alveolar crest fibers, horizontal fibers, oblique fibers, and apical fibers that provide support and resist various forces on the teeth. The periodontal ligament also contains cells like fibroblasts, cementoblasts and osteoblasts that allow for remodeling of the tissues. It carries out functions like shock absorption and sensation in addition to attachment of teeth to bone.
Odontogenic tumors arise from tooth-forming tissues and can be divided into three categories: tumors of odontogenic epithelium without mesenchyme, tumors with both epithelium and mesenchyme, and tumors of mesenchyme alone. Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor, representing 1% of jaw tumors. It typically presents as a multilocular radiolucency in the mandible and is classified as solid/multicystic, unicystic, or peripheral. Histologically it demonstrates islands of epithelial cells resembling dental lamina. Treatment involves wide local excision due to its persistence and recurrence.
Dental caries is caused by acids produced by bacteria in the mouth that metabolize sugars. It is a chemoparasitic process involving tooth demineralization in two stages. Key factors are the "cariogenic" bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, along with frequent sugar consumption. Early theories attributed caries to worms, humoral imbalances, or chemical/parasitic causes. Current understanding involves the interplay of host tooth/plaque, carbohydrate substrates, and cariogenic microbes. Nursing bottle caries occurs when babies sleep with bottles containing sugars.
This document discusses ethics in research. It defines research ethics as applying ethical standards to all stages of research, from planning to evaluation. Key principles discussed include honesty, objectivity, integrity, care for participants, openness, respect for intellectual property, confidentiality, non-discrimination, and social responsibility. The document also covers issues like authorship, plagiarism, peer review, research with animals and humans, and addressing misconduct. Overall, it emphasizes that ethical research promotes values like trust, accountability and protecting participants.
This document discusses dental ethics and ethical principles that dental professionals should follow. It notes that dentistry, as a profession, is bound by an ethical code of conduct that seeks to determine what actions professionals should and should not take. The document outlines basic ethical principles like autonomy, justice, and confidentiality. It also provides examples of ethical and unethical behaviors. Additionally, it discusses professional codes of ethics, reasons for having codes, and how to resolve ethical dilemmas.
The document discusses stainless steel crowns, including their definition as prefabricated crown forms adapted to individual teeth and cemented. It covers the history, classifications, indications and contraindications for stainless steel crowns in both primary and permanent teeth. The clinical procedure section describes tooth preparation, crown selection and adaptation, and cementation."
This document defines and classifies oral habits such as thumb sucking and tongue thrusting. It discusses the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these habits. Specifically, it notes that oral habits can lead to dentofacial deformities if they persist for long periods. Diagnosis involves examining the patient's swallowing pattern and looking for signs like an open bite. Treatment may involve counseling, reminder appliances to interrupt the habit, or myofunctional exercises to train correct tongue and swallowing posture. The goal is to intercept oral habits before they cause dental or skeletal issues.
This document discusses space management and space maintainers. It begins by defining space management and explaining that premature loss of primary teeth is a common cause of malocclusion. It then discusses the objectives and indications of space maintenance, as well as causes of space loss. The document provides details on different types of space maintainers, including removable, fixed, band and loop, and lingual arch space maintainers. It discusses factors to consider for space maintenance such as the amount of space closure, eruption timing of permanent successors, and oral musculature. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of space management and different approaches to space maintenance.
This document provides information on managing medically compromised patients in dentistry. It discusses various conditions including heart diseases, leukemia, diabetes mellitus, and cystic fibrosis. For each condition, it describes clinical manifestations, oral manifestations, and important considerations for dental treatment. Key points discussed include the need for medical consultations, antibiotic prophylaxis if needed, and modifying treatment for patients with low platelet counts or susceptibility to infections.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Debunking Nutrition Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction"AlexandraDiaz101
In a world overflowing with diet trends and conflicting nutrition advice, it’s easy to get lost in misinformation. This article cuts through the noise to debunk common nutrition myths that may be sabotaging your health goals. From the truth about carbohydrates and fats to the real effects of sugar and artificial sweeteners, we break down what science actually says. Equip yourself with knowledge to make informed decisions about your diet, and learn how to navigate the complexities of modern nutrition with confidence. Say goodbye to food confusion and hello to a healthier you!
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
2. 2
1930’s
Educare/Educere – to bring out
Education : learning process or a series of learning
experiences through which an individual informs &
orients himself to develop skills & intelligent action
Altering attitude & behavior
Health promotion
3. 3
Definitions
Health:
It is a state of complete physical, mental and social well
being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity
- WHO, 1948
Health Education:
Health education, like general education, is concerned
with changes in knowledge, feelings & behavior of
people. In its most usual forms, it concentrates on
developing such health practices as are believed to
bring about the best possible state of well being
- WHO, 1969
4. 5
Definitions
A procedure which involves the translation of what is known
about health into desirable individual and community
behavior patterns by means of the educational process
- Grout
The process by which individual and groups of people learn
to behave in a manner conducive to the promotion,
maintenance or restoration of health.
- John .M. Last
A process aimed at encouraging people to want to be healthy,
to know how to stay healthy, to do what they can individually
and collectively to maintain health, and to seek help when
needed
- Alma Ata Declaration, 1978
5. 6
Aims & Objectives
Encourage people to adopt and sustain health promoting life
style and practices
Promote proper use of health services
Arouse interest, provide knowledge, improve skills and change
attitude
Stimulate individual & community participation
6. 7
Process Of Communication In
Health Education
Ability to influence others depends on communication Skill
“without communication an individual could never become a
human being, without mass communication , he never
becomes a part of modern society”
Communication: two way process of exchanging or
shaping ideas, feelings and information
Cognitive
Affective
Psychomotor
7. 8
Process Of Communication In
Health Education
Sender
Receiver
Message Channel
Awareness Interest Evaluation Adoption
8. 9
Process Of Communication In
Health Education
Sender
His objectives clearly defined
His audience: it’s interests & needs
His message
Channels of communication
His abilities & limitations
Receiver
Controlled – common interest
Uncontrolled/ free - curiosity
9. 10
Process Of Communication In
Health Education
Message
In line with the objectives
Meaningful
Based on felt needs
Clear & understandable
Specific & accurate
Timely & adequate
Fitting the audience
Interesting
Culturally & socially appropriate
10. 11
Process Of Communication In
Health Education
Channels of communication
Interpersonal communication
Mass media
Traditional/folk media
Feedback
Reaction of the audience
Provides opportunity to modify the message
11. 12
Types Of Communication
One- way communication (Didactic method)
Knowledge is imposed
Learning is authoritative
Little audience participation
No feedback
Doesn’t influence human behavior
Two – way communication (Socratic Method)
Learning is active & democratic
More likely to influence behavior
12. 13
Types Of Communication
Verbal communication
Loaded with hidden meanings
Persuasive
Non-verbal communication
Formal & informal communication
Visual communication
Charts, graphs, pictograms, tables, maps, posters etc.
Telecommunication & internet
13. 14
Barriers Of Communication
Physiological Difficulties in hearing, expression
Psychological Emotional disturbances, neurosis,
level of intelligence, language or
comprehension difficulties
Environmental Noise, invisibility, congestion
Cultural Illiteracy, levels of knowledge &
understanding, customs, beliefs,
religion, attitudes, economic &
social class differences, cultural
difficulties b/w foreigners, b/w urban
& rural population
14. 15
Approach To Health Promotion
Legal / Regulatory/ Coercive approach
Eg: -The child marriage restraint Act
Simplest & quickest method
Can't eradicate the cause
Can’t regulate the areas of personal choice
Require vast administrative infrastructure & expenditure
Counter to the basic tenet of health education
15. 16
Approach To Health Promotion
Service approach
Basic Health Services 1960
Providing all the health services at their door step
Failure: Not based on felt – needs
Health education approach
People will be better off if they have autonomy over their lives
Informed, educated & encouraged to make their own choice
Consistent with the democratic philosophy
Results are slow, but enduring
Behavior is easily controlled / developed in young population
16. 17
Approach To Health Promotion
Primary health care education
New approach
Participation & active involvement of people
Necessary guidance in identifying health problem &
finding a workable solution
Objective – making people self reliant
17. 18
Health education Vs Propaganda
Education Propaganda
Knowledge & skills actively
acquired
Knowledge instilled in the minds of
people
Makes people think for themselves Prevents thinking
Disciplines primitive desires Arouses & stimulates primitive
desires
Develops reflective behavior Develops reflexive behavior
Appeals to reason Appeals to emotion
Develops individuality, personality &
self expression
Develops a standard pattern of
attitude & behavior
The process is behavior centered Information centered
18. 19
Models Of Health Education
Medical Model
Transfer of Knowledge to achieve behavioral change
Recognition & treatment of disease
Technical advancement
Social, cultural & psychological factors were ignored
Motivation Model
Stage of awareness
Stage of motivation
Stage of interest
Stage of evaluation
Stage of decision making
Stage of action
Stage of trial
Stage of adoption
19. 20
Models Of Health Education
Social intervention Model
Considered the importance of social environment in
shaping the behavior
Highlights the importance of group support
Knowledge of sociology & understanding of cultural,
biological, social environment
20. 21
Content Of Health Education
Human Biology
Understanding
Structure & function of the body
Need of exercise, rest, sleep
Effect of deviation from healthy life style
UNICEF 1989
Child spacing
Breast feeding
Safe motherhood
Immunization
Weaning
Child growth
House hygiene
21. 22
Content Of Health Education
Nutrition
Guide people to choose healthy & balanced diet
Remove prejudices
Promote good dietary habits
Value of breast feeding
Misconception about weaning
Ignorance of appropriate diet
Intervention for the prevention of malnutrition
Promotion of health
Improve quality of life
22. 23
Content Of Health Education
Hygiene
Personal
Bathing, clothing, washing hands, dental care
Should start in early age
Environmental
Domestic
Fresh air, light, ventilation, hygienic storage of food ,
disposal of wastes, need to avoid pests
Community
Water supply, disposal of wastes, vector control, food
sanitation & housing
23. 24
Content Of Health Education
Family Health
Strengthen and improve family health as a unit
Maternal & child health care, family planning, immunization,
nutrition
Disease prevention and control
Provide elementary knowledge about the nature of
disease & method of prevention
Encouraged to participate in disease control
Mental Health
Help people keep mentally healthy
Enjoy relationship with others
Live & work without mental break down
Mother after child birth, child at entry into school, decision
about future, starting new family, widowhood
24. 25
Content Of Health Education
Prevention of accidents
Home, road, work place
Enforce certain rules
Provide safe environment
Use of health services
Inform people about health services available
Screening programmes, Immunization. Family planning
25. 26
Principles Of Health Education
Credibility
Message should be perceived as trustworthy
Based on facts
Consistent & compatible with
scientific knowledge
Local culture
Educational system
Social goals
Interest
Should be based on felt - needs
26. 27
Principles Of Health Education
Participation
Should work actively in identifying & solving health
problems
Creates a sense of involvement, acceptance & decision
making
Provides maximum feedback
Motivation
Primary motives – driving forces
Secondary motives – created by outside forces
Praise, reward, love, recognition, punishment, rivalry
27. 28
Principles Of Health Education
Comprehension
Communicate in the language people understand
Never use new & strange words
Teach within the mental capacity of the audience
Reinforcement
Repeat the message in different way
Learning by doing
If I hear, I forget
If I see, I remember
If I do, I know
28. 29
Principles Of Health Education
Known to unknown
“from the concrete to the abstract”
“from the particular to the general”
“from easy to the difficult”
Setting an example
Good human relations
Feedback
Can modify the contents & channels
29. 30
Principles Of Health Education
Leaders
Understands the need & demands of the community
Provides proper guidance
Takes initiative
Receptive to the views & suggestions
Identifies himself with the community
Self less, honest, impartial
Easily accessible
Possesses skill & knowledge of eliciting cooperation ,
coordination
30. 31
Practice Of Health Education
Educational material
Focus attention
Facilitate interpersonal & group discussion
Reinforce/ clarify prior knowledge & behavior
31. 32
Practice Of Health Education
Audiovisual Aids
Simplify unfamiliar concepts
Bring about understanding
Reinforce learning
Avoid monotony
1. Auditory Aids
Radio, tape-recorder, microphones, amplifiers, earphones
2. Visual Aids
Not requiring projection: Chalk –board, leaflets, posters,
charts, flannelgraph, exhibits, models, specimens
Requiring projection : slides, film strips
3. Combined
Television, sound films, slide-tape combination
32. 33
Methods Of Health Communication
Health Communication
Individual approach Group approach Mass approach
1. Personal contact
2. Home visits
3. Personal letters
1. Lectures
2. Demonstrations
3. Discussion methods
a) Group discussion
b) Panel discussion
c) Symposium
d) Workshop
e) Conference
f) Seminars
g) Role play
1. Television
2. Radio
3. Newspaper
4. Printed material
5. Direct mailing
6. Posters
7. Health museum
8. Folk methods
9. internet
33. 34
Methods Of Health Communication
Individual approach
On individuals visit to health center
On health visitor’s home visit
Advantage
Discuss, argue & persuade the individual
Specific interest can be discussed
Disadvantage
Reaches small number
34. 35
Methods Of Health Communication
Group Approach
Group approach
Choice of subject
Chalk & talk (lecture)
Carefully prepared oral presentation of facts, organized thoughts
and ideas by a qualified person
Not > 30
15-20min
35. 36
Methods Of Health Communication
Group Approach
Flipcharts – 25×30cms
Message on chart must be brief
Help to hold the attention of the group
Flannel graph
Maintain continuity
A very cheap medium
Easy to transport
Promotes thought & critcism
36. 37
Methods Of Health Communication
Group Approach
Exhibits
Objects, models, specimens etc
Films & charts
Disadvantages of lectures
Minimal involvement of audience
Learning is passive
Don not stimulate thinking/problem solving capacity
Comprehension varies with audience
Behavior not necessarily affected
37. 38
Methods Of Health Communication
Group Approach
Demonstrations
Arouses interest
Persuades
38. 39
Methods Of Health Communication
Group Approach
Group discussion
Free exchange of ideas, opinion & knowledge
Group - >6, <12
1. Express ideas clearly & consistently
2. Listen what others say
3. Do not interrupt
4. Make only relevant remarks
5. Accept criticism gracefully
6. Help to reach conclusion
39. 40
Methods Of Health Communication
Group Approach
Group discussion
Adv :
Decision is accepted easily
Limitations
43. 44
Methods Of Health Communication
Mass approach
1920- printed matter
Reach remotest places, large number
Raising health conscious
Delivering technical messages
Popularizing health knowledge
One –way communication
Not effective in changing human behavior
44. 45
Methods Of Health Communication
Mass Approach
Television
The most popular media
Influence public opinion
Introduce new ways of life
Raise level of understanding
Familiarize with unknown
Radio
Much cheaper
45. 46
Methods Of Health Communication
Mass Approach
Internet
Direct & instant communication
Major health education tool in the future
News paper
Factual, detailed & statistical material
Reach only limited group
Printed materials
Magazines, pamphlets, booklets & hand outs
Convey detailed information
46. 47
Methods Of Health Communication
Mass Approach
Direct mailing
Folders, newsletters & booklets
Reach remote areas
The most personal of mass communication
47. 48
Methods Of Health Communication
Mass Approach
Posters, billboards & signs
Catch eye & create awareness
Not expensive
Humor & fear are introduced
Message should be simple,
short, direct
Right place & right time
Changed frequently
48. 49
Methods Of Health Communication
Mass Approach
Health museum & Exhibition
Can attract large number of people
Folk media
49. 50
Essentials Of Health Education
The aim of health education is to bring about a
change in health behavior
Health education should be factual
Tell only what is needed
Do not give conflicting information
Try to change only what needs to be changed
50. 51
Essentials Of Health Education
The educator should make himself acceptable
He should be friendly & be sympathetic
He should be knowledgeable
He should talk the language of the people
Choose a proper medium of communication
Use audiovisual aids whenever possible
Health education should be provided in graded
dosages
51. 52
Obstacles For Positive Dental Health
Chronic, recurrent, irreversible, cumulative and
prevalent
Attitude of people towards teeth
Artificial replacement is well accepted
Undramatic nature of dental diseases
Anxiety & fear towards dentistry
52. 53
Health Education Implications
In Dental Diseases
Dental caries & periodontal diseases
Adoption & continuation of prescribed oral hygiene &
nutritional practice
Periodic dental care
Application of community wide measure
Receive top priority
Epidemiological differences should be borne in mind
53. 54
Health Education Implications
In Dental Diseases
Malocclusion & other dentofacial anomalies
Interception of habits
Preventive treatment
Tumors
Termination of chronic irritation, infection /continued
exposure to toxic substances
Early detection & prompt treatment
54. 55
Health Education Implications
In Dental Diseases
Trauma
Safety measures
Oral manifestation of systemic diseases
Awareness of public regarding dentist
Prevention of self medications
55. 56
Factors Affecting Dental Health Education
Accessibility of dental health services
Economic feasibility
Acceptability of dental health practices
Past learning experience
56. 57
Planning Dental Health Education
Collecting information essential for planning
Statistics of dental disease
Priorities given to dental health problems
Present & potential dental health services
Information about the people to be reached
Channels of communication
Possible conflict with other programmes
57. 58
Planning Dental Health Education
Establishing dental health education objectives
Actions desired of the people
Specific beliefs & attitude to be changed
Specific information to be given
Assessing & overcoming the barriers to dental health
education
Other interest of higher priority
Communication barriers
Geographical isolation
Capacity & economic ability of the people
Community attitude towards dental programme
Attitude toward the providers of dental care & dental education
58. 59
Planning Dental Health Education
Appraising apparent & potential resources
Organizations
Health department & other government agencies
Voluntary health agencies
Other related professional organizations
Medical, nursing, public health associations, educational
societies
People
The general public
Persons who can influence the community attitude
Health personnel
59. 60
Planning Dental Health Education
Material & equipment
Mass informational resources
Educational aids
Transport
Funds
Official agencies
Professional & voluntary organization
Industries
60. 61
Planning Dental Health Education
Developing detailed plan of operations Individuals
& groups need to be involved in planning the
programme
Specific information needed by these groups
Methods needed to secure the participation &
cooperation of the public
Educational aid needed
Use of all educational resources & coordination
Priorities to various aspect of the educational effort
When & where the programme will be initiated
61. 62
Evaluation of the programme
Evidence that will be used to measure the effectiveness
Base line data that will be established
Analysis & interpretation of the data
62. 63
Training Professional
For Dental Health Education
The dentist
Participate in a variety dental health education
programme during dental school
Understand the basic concept of health education
Other dental personnel
Dental hygienists, dental nurses, dental assistants
Developing & applying variety of educational
procedures
Educational concepts, behavioral principles
63. 64
Training Professional
For Dental Health Education
Related health & education personnel
Physician – trained in dental & oral health problems
Nurses, home visitors & social workers
Aware of opportunities for dental health education
Aware of community dental resources
School teacher
Should be part of general health education
64. 65
Role Of Health Care Provider
Provide opportunities to people to learn
Identify & analyse their health & health related problem
Set their own priority
Make information easily accessible
Access to proven preventive measures
66. 67
Community medicine -Park & Park
Text book of preventive & social medicine- Gupta &
Mahajan
Essentals of community & preventive dentistry – Soben
Peter
Education for health, A mannual on health education in
primary health care – World Health Organization,
Geneva
Community oral health – C.M pine
Dental public health – christine N. Nathe
Models of teaching – Bruce Joyce, Marsha Weil,Beverly
Showers
68. 69
Planning and Management
1. Collecting information on specific problem
2. Identification of the problem
3. Deciding on priorities
4. Setting goals & measurable objectives
5. Assessment of resources
6. Consideration of possible solutions
7. Preparation of plan of action
8. Implementing the plan
9. Monitoring & evaluating
10. Reassessment of the process of planning
69. 70
Social Science Concepts
In Dental Health Education
Fear Arousal
People need some level of emotional arousal before
they take action
Concepts of preventive health behavior
Prevention of dental disease is influenced by belief in
prevention of other diseases
Socioeconomic status
70. 71
The Major Components
Of The Educational Process
The educator
Dentist, teacher, mother
The learner
The behavioral goals
Factors affecting the outcome
The learners own dental health goal
Other goals which are of higher priority
The learner attitude toward the educator
Influence, other than planned education
Barriers that must be reduced/ removed
Communication difficulty, intrest of the learner, perception, past
experiences