RXP International Presents an Overview of Prescribing PsychologistsRXP International
This presentation was developed by Dr. Elaine Levine the first prescribing psychologist in New Mexico. In it, she described the Psychobiosocial Model of care which is a holistic model referenced in The Integration of Psychopharmacology and Psychotherapy in PTSD Treatment Biopsychosocial model of care, In E. Carll Ed., Trauma Psychology: Issues in Violence,
Disaster, Health and Illness. It also includes an overview of the requirements and responsibilities of prescribing psychologists in New Mexico.
RXP International Presents an Overview of Prescribing PsychologistsRXP International
This presentation was developed by Dr. Elaine Levine the first prescribing psychologist in New Mexico. In it, she described the Psychobiosocial Model of care which is a holistic model referenced in The Integration of Psychopharmacology and Psychotherapy in PTSD Treatment Biopsychosocial model of care, In E. Carll Ed., Trauma Psychology: Issues in Violence,
Disaster, Health and Illness. It also includes an overview of the requirements and responsibilities of prescribing psychologists in New Mexico.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Web-based Intervention for Depressive ...Tejas Shah
To compare the efficacy of a guided web-based intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with an active control (expressive writing) and a waiting-list control
condition.
Please I need a response to this case study.1 pagezero plagi.docxcherry686017
Please I need a response to this case study.
1 page
zero plagiarism
three references
The Case:
The sleepy woman with anxiety
This week’s discussion presents a case study involving a 44-year old woman with a chief complaint of anxiety beginning at age 15 years old. She has a long history of mental illness and continued therapies. The purpose of this discussion is to analyze her case history to determine medication and treatment effectiveness.
Client Questions
Question 1. Are you having feelings of harming yourself or harming someone else?
Rationale: This is a possibly uncomfortable yet important set of questions to ask each client. Primary care providers may be in a unique position to prevent suicide due to their frequent interactions with suicidal patients. Reviews suggest that among patients who committed suicide, 80 percent had contact with primary care clinicians within one year of their death, whereas only 25 to 30 percent of decedents had contact with psychiatric clinicians within the year of their death (Stene-Lars & Reneflot, 2017).
Question 2. What was happening in your life as a teenager when the anxiety started and you began to self-medicate?
Rationale: Per our report, this patient began suffering signs and symptoms of anxiety at 15-years old. Asking these types of questions we may gain insight into an underlying cause or triggering event. Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders with onset in childhood, with prevalence estimates ranging from 10 to 30 percent. Nearly 37 percent of behaviorally inhibited preschool-age children had social anxiety disorder at age 15, compared with 15 percent of non- behaviorally inhibited children
.
Children with anxiety disorders are more likely to have persistent anxiety disorders into adulthood. (Rapee, 2014).
Question 3. What was happening in your life a year ago when these symptoms returned and became debilitating? Let’s discuss what the triggering events may have been.
Rationale: Self-discovery of triggering events may help the client to come to terms with the determinants of her anxiety and depression. Studies have shown that specific types of stressors were found to differentially predict increases in specific facets of anxiety sensitivity; health-related stressors predicted increases in disease-related concerns and fear of mental incapacitation, whereas stressors related to family discord predicted increases in fear of feeling unsteady, fear of mental incapacitation, and fear of having publicly observable symptoms of anxiety (McLaughlin & Hatzenbuehler, 2009).
Support System
The support system as reported by our client is her husband. She states he is supportive and has little to no contact with the family of origin. She has a few friends and a few outside interests. As PMHNP, discussing relationships with the client is one avenue to gain insight into anxiety patterns and coping mechanisms as seen by outside support. With the client’s permissio.
The Importance of Multiple Perspectives in Psychiatry | Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersPPrs
In clinical practice, there are times when it is especially wise to
explicitly formulate a detailed understanding of a patient and his or
her disorders. Such times would include the beginning evaluation
at the start of treatment; a time of transfer of care to another
professional; and those occasions when progress in treatment
has plateau’d, yet the patient’s current status remains sufficiently psychopathological that it is unacceptable as a treatment endpoint. Such a formulation, or reformulation, is useful to insure that all important aspects of a patient are considered in further treatment, so that nothing in particular is overlooked. It is particularly
important to recall that psychiatry recognizes multiple dimensions in psychopathology, indicating various foci, for example, on mind, or brain, or behavior, or interactions. This entails considering the different groups of factors that can be impacting the patient. We can say that psychiatry is a “biospsychosocial” [1] discipline, or one that calls for a “systems theory” [2] model. But in the case of a full formulation, one from differing perspectives, what is involved? What dimensions need to be looked at? From a very general point of view, we can recall the interplay of mind and body, of environment and behavior, but what might be considered more specifically?
Understanding Psychotherapy: Benefits & How it works | Solh Wellness.pdfSolh Wellness
Psychotherapy helps people improve their thinking patterns and make them feel positive. Solh Wellness explains more about the benefits of Psychotherapy.
Similar to Hani hamed dessoki, side effects of psychotherapy (19)
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
1. By:
Prof. Hani Hamed Dessoki, M.D. Psychiatry
Prof. Psychiatry
Acting Head, Psychiatry Department
Beni Suef University
2013
2. Agenda
History
Introduction
Prospectives on
psychotherapy
Suicide and Psychotherapy
How could psychotherapy
ever be harmful?
Negative effects of
psychotherapy
3. Definition of Psychotherapy
A classic definition of psychotherapy is use
of interpersonal influence skills and
psychological techniques by trained
professionals toward the goal of relieving
the signs and symptoms of psychiatric
disorder.
Psychotherapy is defined as a “procedure,”
similar to that of a medical procedure.
4. History
The possibility of treatment-induced
deterioration among psychiatric patients
was first observed nearly 7 decades ago
(Masserman & Carmichael, 1938).
Psychotherapy can sometimes be harmful:
(a) deterioration effects and (b) negative
effect
5. Introduction
Effective treatment causes side effects; this
applies for medical interventions and
psychotherapy alike.
Due to its specific setting it is unusual to
focus on risks and damages within
psychotherapy.
6. Introduction
When ascertaining negative effects from
treatment, one might look for slower
response, less remission or recovery, higher
rates of relapse or recurrence, or some
combination of these.
7. Introduction
Every guideline for management of
psychiatric disorders in the world contains
the suggestion and recommendation to
include psychotherapeutic intervention.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is probably the
most researched and best-established
treatment method in this respect.
8. Introduction
In contrast to all the pharmacotherapy
studies, there is precious little information
about the safety of psychotherapeutic
interventions -- which are also, in some
patients and in some instances, associated
with adverse events that need to be noted.
These may include undue stress and
potential overstimulation.
Both of these issues may contribute to the
potential for symptom exacerbation.
11. Prroblems
Empirical research on the negative effects of
psychotherapy is insufficient, partly
because there is a lack of theoretical
concept on how to define, classify and
assess psychotherapy side effects.
12. Introduction
Most clinical studies reported a complete
lack of side effects of psychotherapy and
related therapies, like cognitive-behavioural
treatments, also in schizophrenia,
behavioural treatments, hypnotherapy,
hypnosis, alcoholics anonymous.
13. Paradoxal findings: Psychotherapy
diminishes side effects
A number of the studies found associated
paradoxically psychotherapy to the
reduction of side effects of other treatments.
This indicates that psychotherapy in general
is balancing the patient and helping the
patient with physical, mental, existential and
sexual problems.
14. Suicide and Psychotherapy
Suicide is normal in the mentally ill
population, but there is no documentation
that psychotherapy provokes suicide; quite
contrary it seems therapy with intimacy and
closeness between therapist and patient can
prevent suicide.
15. Suicide and Psychotherapy
Sometimes, although rarely, mentally
patients did commit suicide during
psychotherapeutic treatment caused by their
mental illness not their therapy.
In comparison, psychiatric treatment with
drugs is known to provoke suicide in 2% in
the beginning of treatment .
16. How could psychotherapy ever be
harmful?
Negative side effects for a therapeutic
technique is the use of breathing retraining
and relaxation procedures during exposurebased procedures for individuals with panic
disorder with agoraphobia.
Just because a therapeutic technique is
useful in one situation — outside of
exposure procedures, for instance, to help
reduce anxiety or tension — doesn’t mean it
might not be harmful in other situations.
17. How could psychotherapy ever be
harmful?
In addition, there have been increased
reports of family conflicts, with aggressive
or suicidal behavior in people undergoing
various psychotherapeutic interventions.
18. Psychotherapy among patients with
OCD
Although very effective for reducing the frequency
and severity of OCD symptoms, many people
undergoing psychotherapy, such as cognitive
behavior therapy (CBT) and exposure and response
prevention (ERP), notice that a side effect of
treatment is that their anxiety actually increases in
the beginning stages of therapy.
19. “Side effects” of psychotherapy are
unpredictable
In psychotherapy, you never know what to
expect.
Any behaviour modification technique can be
misused or misapplied.
"positive thinking" can actually have a negative
impact on the mental health of some people
(and this has been known for years in regard to
trauma counselling and sexual assault
counselling).
20. The negative effects of psychotherapy
Psychotherapy can lead to the occurrence of
new symptoms or problems which are not
themselves resolved in the course
of management.
21. The negative effects of psychotherapy
The clients will go through a period of feeling
worse as their old habits of coping are replaced
with new strategies and ways of thinking.
This process can temporarily highten anxiety
and insecurity and negative thoughts, feelings
of helplessness, hopelessness etc.
22. The negative effects of psychotherapy
Acquiring new symptoms
Worsening of symptoms (3-10%) and
regression
Depdendence
False memories
Superficial insight (acquiring empty
language)
Iatrogenic malingering
23. Causes of negative effects of
psychotherapy
Negative effects may be due to techniques,
client variables, therapist variables, or some
combination of these.
24. Psychotherapy and Informed
Consent
Informing clients about the potential risks
and benefits of psychotherapy is a
fundamental component of obtaining
informed consent, analogous to a
physician’s informing a patient about the
risks and benefits of medication or
treatment.
25. Difficulties
The lack of consensus in existing literature related
to what constitutes negative effects of
psychotherapy reflects the conceptual complexities
in this area.
One classic definition states that negative effects
occur “when there is no meaningful positive change
in a client due to some aspect of the treatment
process”.
The most extreme negative effect is related to
“client deterioration in functioning that is attributed
to the course of therapy”.
26. Indicators of Potential Deterioration
The five indicators for “potential deterioration,” as a
result of interaction between therapeutic
techniques, psychotherapists, and clients include,
(a) the role of anticipation of emotional pain and
therapeutically induced arousal
(b) client suspiciousness toward the therapist and
therapist empathy
(c) level of interpersonal functioning and the focus
of treatment
(d) diagnosis and treatment modality
(e) relaxation therapy and clients’ need for control
27. Termination
Over 4-6 monthly sessions
Review patient success
Discuss potential vulnerabilities
– Identify strategies for management of
interpersonal difficulties and symptom relapses
Encouragement about ability to use
strategies independently
28. Psychotherapy and Pharmaceutical
Companies
Drug companies have been sold on the idea
that their troubles stem from a "chemical
imbalance," the solution to which, of course,
involves rebalancing their chemicals, just
like diabetics taking insulin.
29. Biopsychosocial model
The biopsychosocial model (abbreviated "BPS") is a
general model or approach positing that biological,
psychological (which entails thoughts, emotions,
and behaviors), and social factors, all play a
significant role in human functioning in the context
of disease or illness.
Indeed, health is best understood in terms of a
combination of biological, psychological, and social
factors rather than purely in biological terms
30. Biopsychosocial model in
depression
Effective treatment of severe or chronic
unipolar depression requires the combination
of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic
interventions.
The model stresses the self-evident integration of
biological
and
psychological
therapeutic
interventions that need to focus on symptom
reduction and on relapse prevention.
Schotte et al., 2006;23(5):312-24
31. Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy focuses on the therapeutic
relationship with the client / patient as well
as their social environment.
The healing process is dialogical and
polylogical as well as vulnerable throughout
all schools of psychotherapy.
The quality of the therapeutic relationship is
central to a cure.
32. Take Home Massage
Recognition of adverse treatment
effects is a characteristic of
good therapists and treatments.
Psychotherapists should be
sensitive for negative effects.
The detection and management
of adverse treatment effects is
not a sign of bad but of good
clinical practice.
Figure 17-6 from:
Kassin, S. (2001). Psychology, third edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Source:
Smith, M. L., Glass, G. V., & Miller, T. I. (1980). The benefits of psychotherapy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Figure 17-8 from:
Kassin, S. (2001). Psychology, third edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Source:
Smith, D. (1982). Trends in counseling and psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 37, 802-809.