The document discusses bitumen, asphalt and gypsum. It provides details on:
- Bitumen is a semi-solid hydrocarbon produced from crude oil refining and is used mainly in road construction as the binder in asphalt.
- Asphalt is a mixture of small stones, sand, filler and bitumen used as a road paving material.
- Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate used in construction materials like plasterboard and as a fertilizer.
Cement is a building material for binding bricks, stones or aggregates.
Used for making mortar or concrete.
Cements natural and artificial.
Natural cement-burning and crushing of stones and lime.
Artificial cement-burning at high temperature and gypsum is added.
Plastering Defination of plastering : The word “plaster” comes from the Greek language meaning “to daub on”. This is the process of covering rough surfaces with a plastic material to obtain an even, smooth, regular, clean & durable surfaces. On the other hand we say that; A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand and water,...
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Cement is a building material for binding bricks, stones or aggregates.
Used for making mortar or concrete.
Cements natural and artificial.
Natural cement-burning and crushing of stones and lime.
Artificial cement-burning at high temperature and gypsum is added.
Plastering Defination of plastering : The word “plaster” comes from the Greek language meaning “to daub on”. This is the process of covering rough surfaces with a plastic material to obtain an even, smooth, regular, clean & durable surfaces. On the other hand we say that; A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand and water,...
slideshare ppt download
slideshare presentations
stroke ppt slideshare
download slideshare ppt online
slideshare powerpoint
iot ppt slideshare
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. In English "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. Another imprecise term used for the material is stucco, which is also often used for plasterwork that is ...
plastering contractors near me
interior plastering techniques
plastering walls
how to do plastering
pool plastering companies near me
plastering walls techniques
plastering drywall
plastering ceilings
types of plaster wall construction
types of plastering techniques
types of plaster ceiling finishes
methods of plastering
different kinds of plaster
interior plastering techniques
plaster types and uses
different types of plaster walls
types of plastering techniques
types of interior plaster
plaster types and uses
different kinds of plaster
types of plaster ceiling finishes
different plaster wall finishes
how are plaster walls constructed
cement plaster finish types
different types of plaster finishes
types of interior plaster
types of plastering techniques
plaster types and uses
types of plaster ceiling finishes
types of plaster ceilings
types of plaster of paris
plaster supply stores
Pointing - the technique of repairing mortar joints between bricks or other masonry elements.
Finishing - a fine job in building construction process
where it forms the beauty of a building.
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. In English "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. Another imprecise term used for the material is stucco, which is also often used for plasterwork that is ...
plastering contractors near me
interior plastering techniques
plastering walls
how to do plastering
pool plastering companies near me
plastering walls techniques
plastering drywall
plastering ceilings
types of plaster wall construction
types of plastering techniques
types of plaster ceiling finishes
methods of plastering
different kinds of plaster
interior plastering techniques
plaster types and uses
different types of plaster walls
types of plastering techniques
types of interior plaster
plaster types and uses
different kinds of plaster
types of plaster ceiling finishes
different plaster wall finishes
how are plaster walls constructed
cement plaster finish types
different types of plaster finishes
types of interior plaster
types of plastering techniques
plaster types and uses
types of plaster ceiling finishes
types of plaster ceilings
types of plaster of paris
plaster supply stores
Pointing - the technique of repairing mortar joints between bricks or other masonry elements.
Finishing - a fine job in building construction process
where it forms the beauty of a building.
Learn from the experts on the best design and construction practices for Bonded Wearing Course as a pavement preservation strategy, including examples of performance on projects. Erik Updyke, P.E., and Imelda Diaz, P.E., participated in a CalAPA expert panel discussion on the topic.
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Cement based building_materials_icr_aug2020Dr J.D. Bapat
Cite this paper: J D Bapat, Kalpana Karthikeyan, "Cement Based Building Materials", Indian Cement Review, August 2020, pp 48-51
The work on the following cement-based building materials has been covered: dry mix mortar plaster (DMM), cement-based fly ash bricks, AAC blocks and micro-concrete for concrete repair work.
Concrete, Cement, Raw Material of Cement, Types, Water, Aggregates, Sand, Mix...Naqeeb Khan Niazi
Concrete is an engineering material that simulates the properties of rock and is a combination of particles closely bound together. It is simply a blend of aggregates, normally natural sand and gravel or crushed rock.
Cement is a dry powdery substance made by calcining lime and clay, mixed with water to form mortar or mixed with sand, gravel and water to make concrete. It is a binder material. Once hardened, cement delivers sufficient strength to erect large industrial structures
Cement is manufactured through a closely controlled chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron and other ingredients. Common materials used to manufacture cement include limestone, shells, and chalk or marl combined with shale, clay, slate, blast furnace slag, silica sand, and iron ore.
Sand a loose granular material that results from the disintegration of rocks, consists of particles smaller than gravel but coarser than silt, and is used in mortar, glass, abrasives, and foundry molds. : soil containing 85 percent or more of sand and a maximum of 10 percent of clay.
Concrete, Cement
Raw Material of Cement, Types
Water, Aggregates, Sand
Mixing of concrete
Transportation, Rate Analysis
Gypsum and rubber use in building constructionDeepak Sharma
COMPOSITION OF GYPSUM
Types and source of gypsum
types
Properties of gypsum
Gypsum as BUILDING MATERIAL
RUBBER
It can be classified in two parts:
Types of Rubber :
USES:-
PROPERTIES
GREEN MATERIAL / ECO FRIENDLY MATERIAL
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You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Top 5 Indian Style Modular Kitchen DesignsFinzo Kitchens
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2. BITUMEN
• Bitumen is an oil based substance.
• It is a semi-solid hydrocarbon product produced by
removing the lighter fractions (such as liquid
petroleum gas, petrol and diesel) from heavy crude oil
during the refining process.
• It is correctly known as refined bitumen.
• In North America, bitumen is commonly known as
“asphalt cement” or “asphalt”.
3. •While elsewhere, “asphalt” is the term used for a
mixture of small stones, sand, filler and bitumen,
which is used as a road paving material.
• The asphalt mixture contains approximately 5%
bitumen. At ambient temperatures bitumen is a stable,
semi-solid substance.
4. The vast majority of refined bitumen is used in construction:
primarily as a constituent of products used in paving and roofing
applications.
According to the requirements of the end use bitumen is
produced to specification. This is achieved either by refining
process or blending.
It is estimated that the current world use of bitumen is
approximately 102 million tonnes per year.
Approximately 85% of all the bitumen produced is used as the
binder in asphalt for roads.
It is also used in other paved areas such as airport runways, car
Where to be used.?
5. colour ranges from brown to black.
Bitumen is used in construction as a constituent of products used in paving and
roofing applications
SOME EXTRA
INFO.
6. ASPHALT
The primary use (70%) of asphalt/bitumen is in road
construction, where it is used as the glue or binder
mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt
concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous water
proofing products, including production of roofing
felt and for sealing flat roofs.
7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
ASPHALTS
• Asphaltic Concrete
• Bituminous Macadam
• Open-graded Asphalt
• Stone Mastic Asphalt
• Tack coat
• Surface treatments
8. Asphaltic Concrete: a dense, continuously graded mixture of
coarse and
fine aggregates, mineral filler and bitumen produced hot in a
mixing plant. It is delivered, spread and compacted while hot.
Bituminous Macadam: a road with a graded aggregate and
bituminous
coating, in which the mechanical interlock of the aggregate
particles
contributes significantly to its strength.
Open-graded Asphalt: an asphaltic mix using aggregates
containing only
small amounts of fine material and providing a high percentage
of air voids.
Stone Mastic Asphalt: a gap-graded wearing course mix with a
high proportion of coarse aggregate content which interlocks to
form a stone-onstone skeleton to resist permanent deformation.
9. Tack coat: a thin layer of emulsified or cutback bitumen that
bonds a layer of road to the layer beneath. Current practice is to
favour the more modem bitumen emulsions in place of cutbacks.
Surface treatments: including dressings and coats, involve
spraying a
coating of bitumen onto the surface of a wearing course. It can
be sprayed as an emulsion, a cutback or a paving grade bitumen.
Either a single or double coating of fine aggregates or stone
chippings is applied. These treatments are applied to renovate
and waterproof old roads that require maintenance.
An example of such a treatment is a fog seal which is a coat of
bitumen
emulsion applied to an existing surface to seal cracks as a
maintenance
treatment.
10. GYPSUM
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium
sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O.
It can be used as a fertilizer, is the main constituent in many
forms of plaster and is widely mined.
A massive fine-grained white or lightly tinted variety of
gypsum, called alabaster, has been used for sculpture by many
cultures including Ancient Egypt , Mesopotamia , Ancient
Rome, Byzantine empire and the Nottingham alabasters of
medieval England.
It is the definition of a hardness of 2 on the Mohs scale of
mineral hardness.
It forms as an evaporite mineral and as a hydration product
11. Uses of Gypsum
construction types (residential, non-residential, new or
refurbished), ranging from complex high-tech systems to easy to
install products adapted for use by the general public.
More than 1,600 million m2 of European interior surfaces are
covered every year with plasterboards every year. around 5
million tons of plaster are used in Europe for interior lining.
More than 1,500 million m2 of European interior surfaces are
covered every year with plasterboards, blocks or plaste
12. A. Plasterboard
Plasterboard is used for partitions and the lining of walls, ceilings,
roofs and floors. The properties of plasterboard can be modified to
meet specific requirements, such as fire resistance, humidity
resistance, shock resistance, etc.
B. Decorative Plaster
Plaster powder, mixed with water, manually or through the use of
silo-supplied spraysystems, are used to create an effective and
aesthetically-pleasing lining for brick and block walls, and for
ceilings.
Gypsum’s adaptability in application lends itself to moulding and
shaping. Since time immemorial, Gypsum has been used by skilled
craftsmen to create decorative plaster mouldings.
C. Building plaster
Gypsum plaster is used for walls and ceilings.
13. D. Plaster blocks
Gypsum blocks are used for partitions and Gypsum tiles for ceilings.
E. Gypsum-based self-levelling screeds
Anhydrite or Alpha-Hemihydrates are used in the production of self-levelling
floor screeds.
F. Gypsum Fibreboards
Gypsum fibreboard is used for partitions and the lining of walls, ceilings, roofs
and floors. Standard Gypsum fibreboard offers good performance when it
comes to shock resistance, sound insulation and humidity resistance.
14. GYPSUM FALSE CEILING
GYPSUM FALSE CEILING –
The gypsum false ceiling consists of gypsum boards which are fixed over
a support system of GI framework. Gypsum, which is hydrated calcium
silicate, is available in boards of 9mm, 12.5mm and 15mm thicknesses.
The boards are available in sizes of 1200mm x 2400mm.
15. INSTALLATION –
The different parts of the supporting system are –
· GI suspenders, which are fixed onto the slab above by means
of
a soffit cleat.
· The suspenders are then fixed onto the Primary channel,
which is
at 1200mm centre to centre in either direction.
· Below the primary channels are the secondary channels or
the ceiling
section, which is screwed onto the primary channel. The
ceiling
sections are spaced at 457mm centre to centre in either
direction.
· Perimeter channels are to be fixed onto the walls
· The gypsum boards are screwed onto these ceiling sections
with self
17. Some important Info.
MANUFACTURER’S –
India gypsum, Saint Gobain etc.
MOISTURE RESISTANT BOARDS –
Moisture resistant boards or MR boards are available for application in
areas where there is possibility of moisture content, as normal
gypsum boards will deteriorate.
THINGS TO CONSIDER –
· The edges of the boards are to be treated carefully, especially at
the
junction of horizontal and vertical boards. Special corner beads
are
available for such applications, to ensure a good finish.
· The jointing between the boards are to be done as specified, to
ensure a
smooth finish, and also to avoid formation of cracks.
18. Item Detail Rate
1 Lloyd Gypsum 111 Waterproof White Cement Based Gypsum Rs.350.00 / 25 Kg. Bag
2 Lloyd Gypsum 222 Waterproof Grey Cement Based Gypsum Rs. 300.00/25 Kg.Bag
3 Lloyd Gypsum 333 Perlite Based 100 % Pure Natural Gypsum Rs. 175.00 /25 Kg. Bag
4 Lloyd Gypsum 444 Vermiculite Based 100 %
Pure Natural Gypsum
Rs. 165.00 / 25Kg.Bag
5 Lloyd Gypsum 555 Stucco Plaster Rs.135.00/20 Kg.Bag
6 Lloyd Gypsum 666 SBR Bonding Agent Rs. 250.00 / Litre
PRICING
19. Gypsum
MERITS
It is used as pattern
material.
Caries high compression
strength.
It forms a thick surface to
resist normal knocks after
drying.
It is easy to spread and
level
It easily mixes up with
water.
DEMERITS
It is not used for
external finish as it can
not be used in damp
finish.
Cement cannot be
mixed with gypsum.
It cannot be used in
moist situations.
Labour cost for gypsum
appling is high.
20. ASPHALT
MERITS
One of the first advantages of
asphalt driveways is that they
are more weather resistant
than concrete.
Another advantage of asphalt
is their flexibility.
If cracked, they are far easier
to repair.
One of the best advantages
of asphalt driveways is their
cost. They are usually
cheaper to install.
Demerits
Asphalt pavement requires
more maintenance than
concrete.
Every three to five years,
asphalt pavement must be
resealed to prevent cracking.
When asphalt is not laid properly,
it is prone to cracks and pitting.
In order for traditional asphalt to
be used, it must first be heated to
250 to 350 degrees which is not
sustainable.
21. BITUMEN
MERITS
Extremely flexible: bitumen
enhanced with a thermoplastic
elastomer.
Eco-friendly
Contains no dissolvers, aromas,
PVC.
Loose laid: no need for permanent
glue
A waterproof material
Hardly deformable
Flexible
Skid resistance
Easy maintenance reduces traffic
disruption
DEMERITS
One of the first disadvantages of
asphalt driveways is their strength.
You should never allow heavy
machinery on your driveway if it is
made from bitumen.
Another disadvantage of asphalt
driveways deals with heat. If you
live in a hot climate, you should
think twice about having a
driveway that is made from
bitumen.
Most bitumen driveways will only
last approximately 15 years.
They require much more
maintenance.