Two weeks old rooted cuttings of three commercial hybrid varieties; Triple plus, Temptation and Campairo were grown on cocopit substrate media with five replications on randomized complete block desigh (RCBD) in greenhouse condition at Mendel School Research Farm,Hwacheon. Transplanting was done on June 9, 2013 with spacing of 30 cm between plant and 45 cm between rows. Plants were trained as single stem and harvesting of the fruits were done upto 2.5 meter height. The major objective of this experiment was to evaluate their performance on stem cuttings. On the basis of overall characteristics, Triple plus showed superior performance; early flowering, higher plant uniformity, vigorous plant, higher leaf density, less powdery mildew infection, distinct stem pubescence, earlier fruit set, bigger size of fruits with thicker flesh, higher yield of fruits in tons per hectare and per plant, as compared to other cultivars has been selected and recommended for commercial cultivation through stem cuttings. It was followed by Temptation. Beside this, stem cuttings is an alternative planting materials in all the tested cultivars where apical branches during pruning could be used as alternative planting materials for tomato cultivation.
Evaluation of Different Growing Substrates on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under ...Innspub Net
Hydroponic technology has many benefits that it is highly productive and conserves water and land most especially if natural resources are scarce. Normally, plants grow inside a greenhouse that controls temperature, light, water and nutrition. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different growing substrates on lettuce under a non-circulating hydroponics system. It was conducted at Cagayan State University – Piat Campus from September to October 2019. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications was used to test the following treatments: T1 – Rockwool, T2– Coco peat, T3 – Carbonized Rice Hull (CRH) and T4 – Sawdust. Results show that plants under coco coir (T2)–obtained the tallest and longest roots while the most number of leaves and heaviest fresh biomass was registered in rock wool (T1). In terms of water pH, the result revealed no significant differences among treatment means. In the absence of rock wool, the coco coir can be used as an alternative as growing substrates for a non-circulating hydroponics system since they did not differ significantly.
Effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizer on growth, yield and...Innspub Net
The tomato is the one of the most famous crops in Pakistan. It is used and consumed as fresh as well as in processed form. Its botanical name is Solanum lycopersicon Mill. The proposed study had been conducted in the year 2017-2018 in order to find the best combination of water soluble NPK fertilizers as compared to control. Five different types of water soluble fertilizers were collected from different sources and were applied at 5% concentration during the entire growing period of the tomato crop. The experiment was designed using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and three replications of each. Different vegetative, reproductive and bio-chemical parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically at 5% level of significance. The treatments were compared using LSD test. It was concluded that different NPK water soluble fertilizers showed variation in physical and bio chemical parameters in tomato plants as compared to control. The plants showed variation in plant height, No. of fruit per plant, fruit yield per hectare, Individual fruit weight, fruit weight per plant, No. of diseased fruit per plant, date of first harvest, Fruit color Fruit length (cm), fruit size (cm), fruit firmness, total NPK contents, vitamincmg Chlorophyll concentration, pH, (TSS), Electricity conductivity (EC) and Titratable acidity Among all the water soluble treatments, the T3 treatment (WSF 20:20:20) yielded the comparatively better results as compared to other WSF treatments. So it was concluded that T3 was the recommended water soluble fertilizer for tomato.
Glyphosate resistance trait into soybean Cuban varieties: agronomical assessm...Innspub Net
Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean was one of the first major applications of genetic engineering in field crops and offered farmers a vital tool in fighting weeds. Weeds are a problem for soybean production in Cuba, so our work aim was the GTS 40-3-2 event introgression into Cuban varieties. Two local cultivars were crossed with transgenic genotypes that carry the event. From F1 to F3 generations, individual plants that produced more than 60 g of seeds per plant were chosen to obtain next generation. Individual lines were selected from F4 generation. F5 and F6 generations of five selected transgenic lines and their relatives were chosen to evaluate seven
agronomic traits throughout the summers of 2012 and 2013. A Random Block experimental design was done. First flowering (R1) and maturity (R8) stages of all genotypes were affected by planting date. Plant height of I1B2- 3, I1B4, I36B4 and RP5 lines ranged from 80 to 111 cm. I1B2-2 and I1B2-3 lines would be suitable for mechanized harvesting because they had the insertion of the first pod at 14.63 cm and 13.93 cm respectively. I36B4 line produced the greatest number of pods per plant (127). Transgenic lines produced more than 180 seeds per plant and 100-seed weight ranged from 13.75 g to 17.46 g. Seed yield per plant of transgenic lines and their parents IncaSoy36, CEB2 and CEB4 weren’t statistically different. These results could be a start point for other studies
involving larger areas, different planting dates and localities. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Effect of Seedling Density on Growth Attributes of Cauliflower variety Kathma...AI Publications
Nursery management including optimum seedling density is an important factor for better crop performance. A study was carried out to examine the effect of seedling density on growth attributes of cauliflower seedlings cv. Kathmandu local in the field of Lamjung Campus in Oct., 2018. Experiment consists of four treatments which were replicated five times and laid out in RCBD. Seed spacing treatments viz. 0.5cm x 1.0cm, 1.0cm x 1.0cm, 1.5cm x 1.5cm and 2.0cm x 2.0cm were maintained in a raised nursery beds. Field germination percentage was recorded up to 60% at fourth day after sowing (DAS) whereas in lab it was up to 74%. Above and below ground seedling biomass, unfold leaves area, number of true leaves, plant height and root length were recorded at 23 DAS by destructive method. ImageJ package was used for leaf area measurement. Data were tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed by GenStat. Root length (4.85cm) was significantly higher in spacing of 2cm x 2cm which was at par with 1.5cm x 1.5cm whereas lower in 0.5cm x 1.0cm. Significantly maximum value for fresh weight of root (0.045gm), fresh weight of shoot (0.91gm), dry weight of shoot (0.11gm) and dry matter percentage (12%) was observed in 1.5cm x 1.5cm spacing. Seedlings greater than 1.5cm to 2cm spacing performed better than closer spacing in most of the variable of interests, however, there was no significant differences observed in number of true leaves, leaf area and plant height. A trial with wider spacing considering seedling health is recommended.
The concept and purpose of plant breeding in the modern environmentPaul Gooderham
The concept of plant breeding has been in use since centuries. It is practised across the world by commercial enterprises and government institutions. The increasing requirement of food security has made breeding new crops important.
Evaluation of Different Growing Substrates on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under ...Innspub Net
Hydroponic technology has many benefits that it is highly productive and conserves water and land most especially if natural resources are scarce. Normally, plants grow inside a greenhouse that controls temperature, light, water and nutrition. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different growing substrates on lettuce under a non-circulating hydroponics system. It was conducted at Cagayan State University – Piat Campus from September to October 2019. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications was used to test the following treatments: T1 – Rockwool, T2– Coco peat, T3 – Carbonized Rice Hull (CRH) and T4 – Sawdust. Results show that plants under coco coir (T2)–obtained the tallest and longest roots while the most number of leaves and heaviest fresh biomass was registered in rock wool (T1). In terms of water pH, the result revealed no significant differences among treatment means. In the absence of rock wool, the coco coir can be used as an alternative as growing substrates for a non-circulating hydroponics system since they did not differ significantly.
Effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizer on growth, yield and...Innspub Net
The tomato is the one of the most famous crops in Pakistan. It is used and consumed as fresh as well as in processed form. Its botanical name is Solanum lycopersicon Mill. The proposed study had been conducted in the year 2017-2018 in order to find the best combination of water soluble NPK fertilizers as compared to control. Five different types of water soluble fertilizers were collected from different sources and were applied at 5% concentration during the entire growing period of the tomato crop. The experiment was designed using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and three replications of each. Different vegetative, reproductive and bio-chemical parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically at 5% level of significance. The treatments were compared using LSD test. It was concluded that different NPK water soluble fertilizers showed variation in physical and bio chemical parameters in tomato plants as compared to control. The plants showed variation in plant height, No. of fruit per plant, fruit yield per hectare, Individual fruit weight, fruit weight per plant, No. of diseased fruit per plant, date of first harvest, Fruit color Fruit length (cm), fruit size (cm), fruit firmness, total NPK contents, vitamincmg Chlorophyll concentration, pH, (TSS), Electricity conductivity (EC) and Titratable acidity Among all the water soluble treatments, the T3 treatment (WSF 20:20:20) yielded the comparatively better results as compared to other WSF treatments. So it was concluded that T3 was the recommended water soluble fertilizer for tomato.
Glyphosate resistance trait into soybean Cuban varieties: agronomical assessm...Innspub Net
Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean was one of the first major applications of genetic engineering in field crops and offered farmers a vital tool in fighting weeds. Weeds are a problem for soybean production in Cuba, so our work aim was the GTS 40-3-2 event introgression into Cuban varieties. Two local cultivars were crossed with transgenic genotypes that carry the event. From F1 to F3 generations, individual plants that produced more than 60 g of seeds per plant were chosen to obtain next generation. Individual lines were selected from F4 generation. F5 and F6 generations of five selected transgenic lines and their relatives were chosen to evaluate seven
agronomic traits throughout the summers of 2012 and 2013. A Random Block experimental design was done. First flowering (R1) and maturity (R8) stages of all genotypes were affected by planting date. Plant height of I1B2- 3, I1B4, I36B4 and RP5 lines ranged from 80 to 111 cm. I1B2-2 and I1B2-3 lines would be suitable for mechanized harvesting because they had the insertion of the first pod at 14.63 cm and 13.93 cm respectively. I36B4 line produced the greatest number of pods per plant (127). Transgenic lines produced more than 180 seeds per plant and 100-seed weight ranged from 13.75 g to 17.46 g. Seed yield per plant of transgenic lines and their parents IncaSoy36, CEB2 and CEB4 weren’t statistically different. These results could be a start point for other studies
involving larger areas, different planting dates and localities. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Effect of Seedling Density on Growth Attributes of Cauliflower variety Kathma...AI Publications
Nursery management including optimum seedling density is an important factor for better crop performance. A study was carried out to examine the effect of seedling density on growth attributes of cauliflower seedlings cv. Kathmandu local in the field of Lamjung Campus in Oct., 2018. Experiment consists of four treatments which were replicated five times and laid out in RCBD. Seed spacing treatments viz. 0.5cm x 1.0cm, 1.0cm x 1.0cm, 1.5cm x 1.5cm and 2.0cm x 2.0cm were maintained in a raised nursery beds. Field germination percentage was recorded up to 60% at fourth day after sowing (DAS) whereas in lab it was up to 74%. Above and below ground seedling biomass, unfold leaves area, number of true leaves, plant height and root length were recorded at 23 DAS by destructive method. ImageJ package was used for leaf area measurement. Data were tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed by GenStat. Root length (4.85cm) was significantly higher in spacing of 2cm x 2cm which was at par with 1.5cm x 1.5cm whereas lower in 0.5cm x 1.0cm. Significantly maximum value for fresh weight of root (0.045gm), fresh weight of shoot (0.91gm), dry weight of shoot (0.11gm) and dry matter percentage (12%) was observed in 1.5cm x 1.5cm spacing. Seedlings greater than 1.5cm to 2cm spacing performed better than closer spacing in most of the variable of interests, however, there was no significant differences observed in number of true leaves, leaf area and plant height. A trial with wider spacing considering seedling health is recommended.
The concept and purpose of plant breeding in the modern environmentPaul Gooderham
The concept of plant breeding has been in use since centuries. It is practised across the world by commercial enterprises and government institutions. The increasing requirement of food security has made breeding new crops important.
Genetic studies of genotypic responses to water stress in upland cotton (Goss...INNS PUBNET
The present study was carried out to examine the potential in cotton germplasm for breeding water stress tolerant plant material, and understand the genetic basis of different morphological traits related to water stress tolerance. Portioned analysis of variance was employed to obtain good parents for this purposes. The parental genotypes MNH-512, Arizona-6218, CIM-482, MS-39, and NIAB-78 were crossed in complete diallel fashion and F0 seeds of 20 hybrids and five parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010. Simple regression analysis of F1 data revealed that additive-dominance model was quite adequate for all morphological traits. The unit slope of regression lines number of bolls (b = 1.07 ± 9.14), boll weight (b = 0.99 ± 0.11), yield per plant (b = 0.96 ± 0.31), plant height (b = 1.10 ± 0.34), leaf area index (b = 0.82 ± 0.27), and ginning percentage (b = 1.01 ± 0.12) suggested that the epistatic component was absent in the inheritance of all characters studied. The result of various plant characters including seed yield showed drastic effects of water stress as compared with those assessed in non-stressed condition. Leaf area index in the analysis of variance suggested that additive variation was more important for the character. Narrow leaf varieties NIAB-78 and CIM-482 were water stress tolerant while varieties Arizona-6218, MNH-512 and MS-39 were broader leaf showing less resistant to water stress. The information derived from these studies may be used to develop drought tolerant cotton material that could give economic yield in water stressed conditions of cotton belt. Full articles at: http://innspubnet.blogspot.com/2016/08/diversity-and-distribution-of-anuran-in.html
Influence of water stress and rhizobial inoculation on growth and yield of se...Innspub Net
Two season’s field experiment and single season screen house experiment were conducted to assess the effect of water stress periods and rhizobial inoculation in five P. vulgaris cultivars. The experiment consisted of two levels of rhizobia (with and without inoculation), two stress levels (with and without water stress) and five cultivars of P. vulgaris (KAT B9, KAT B1, F9 Kidney Selection, F8 Drought line and JESCA). Results showed that rhizobial inoculation significantly increased plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) at vegetative and flowering in field experiment. Furthermore, water stress treatments significantly reduced plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) in both growth stages at field experiment. For screen house experiment rhizobial inoculation significantly increased leaf area (cm2), number of leaves, stem girth (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) at both growth stages. Additionally, water stress treatments significantly reduced number of leaves, stem diameter (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) in both growth stages. Varieties F9 Kidney Selection, F8 Drought Line and JESCA had significantly superior measurements reflected in increased plant height (cm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) as compared with KAT B9 and KAT B1. Furthermore, significant interactive effects were also seen between rhizobial inoculation x stress level and tested bean cultivars on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot dry weight and seed yields.
Introduction to On-farm Organic Plant Breeding provides farmers with an overview of basic genetics, farm-based experimental design, and breeding techniques appropriate for organic farms. - See more at: http://ofrf.org/blogs/new-tools-organic-farmers-teach-diy-plant-breeding#sthash.clHAu7FF.Fd4spHEW.dpuf
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...Innspub Net
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Criteria for the Selection of Vegetable Growth-Promoting Bacteria to be appli...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
In order to define which are the most important criteria for the selection of plant Growth-Promoting bacterial strains of the Hibiscus sabdariffa L. crop (Roselle), bacterial strains isolated from the roots of Roselle plants of two varieties (Creole and Spider) were used, collected in the community of Río de los Peces, municipality of Candelaria Loxicha, Oaxaca and seeds of the same varieties. To characterize the varieties, the following were determined: total germination percentage (TGP), germination speed (GS), the root length(RL), the stem length (SL), the dry root biomass (DRB), the dry stem biomass (DSB) and the chlorophyll content (CC). Three types of LED lamps were used to illuminate the seedlings. The seeds inoculated with cells of six selected bacterial strains were grown in a greenhouse to determine: the stem length (SL) at 3, 45 and 65 days after sowing (das). The treatments were distributed under a completely random design and comparison of means (Tukey, p = 0.05). The TGP, DSB and DRB parameters were not useful in the selection process of the strains that promoted plant growth to a greater degree. The GS and SL to be considered safe criteria or not, what is important is the relationship of what happens at the time of germination and development of the seedlings in the laboratory and greenhouse. The SL of the plants in the greenhouse showed differences between strains, but not regarding the control and also only observed in the first days of development (3 das). The CC did not prove to be a good selection criterion either. The lamp composed of 15% white light, 27% blue light and 58% red light was the one that most promoted root growth.
Plant breeding, its objective and historical development- pre and post mendel...Avinash Kumar
ppt for 1st chapter of plant breeding. it includes defination & objectives of plant breeding, role & challanges of plant breeeders and historical development
Production of tomato in the tropics especially in Ghana is beset with lots of setbacks thereby causing low yields per hectare. Greenhouse cultivation systems are promising yet yields of tropical tomato cultivars are hampered by adverse temperature conditions. In order to mitigate this, an experiment was conducted during the extreme summer temperature conditions in the greenhouse at Kashiwanoha Campus of Chiba University, Japan. The study was conducted between May 23, 2018 and September20, 2018. The low substrate volume production system of 500mL in closed recirculated hydroponics (sub-irrigation) method was employed. Three tropical tomato cultivars (Jaguar, Lebombo and Lindo) were evaluated for yields. Plants were spaced at 20cm (4.2 plants m-2) and 30cm (2.8 plants m-2). At 7 and 9WAT, plants were topped at 2nd and 4th nodes respectively. The 3x2x2 factorial in Randomised Complete Block design in three replications was adopted. Some parameter collected were; 1. Morphometrics such as plant height, girth, leaf number and chlorophyll content, days to 50% flowering and fruit set 2. Yield components and fruit quality such as fruit number, marketable yield, yield per area, yield per hectare, percent blossom end rot, fruit TSS, TA, TSS/TA ratio and 3. Dry matter partitioning at last harvest, 11WAT. Results showed that blossom end rot reduced the yields of Jaguar and Lindo almost by 50% while Lebombo recorded less than 1%. Lebombo produced significantly the highest plant dry mass of 125g of which 57.7% was converted to vegetative growth compared to the Jaguar. For Jaguar however, 53.7% of total plant dry mass was allocated to fruits. This in effect was translated to the highest yield of 93tons ha-1 year-1 for Jaguar plants that were pinched at 4th truss in high density planting of 4.2 plant m-2.
Performance of different substrates on growth, yield and biological efficienc...svchandran01
The substrate paddy straw has recorded maximum yield of fresh mushroom.Among the substrates newspaper substrate exhibited highest biological efficiency of more than 95 per cent. Among the varieties CO (OM) 2 has recorded early spawn run and maximum yield performance.
Selection of Drought Tolerant Mutant of Amaranthus Cruentus L. in Green HousePremier Publishers
Water deficit is one of the significant environmental factors limiting plant production. This stress occurs during drought period. The aim of this study was to select gamma irradiation-induced drought tolerant mutant drought lines during vegetative stage. Seeds of the reference cultivar were gamma irradiated using the gamma irradiated facility at the IAEA to induce genetic variation. Four selected lines based on their high biomass (L2, L17, L18 and L23) and the reference cultivar (L0) were grown under four irrigation frequencies: 2, 4, 8 and 12 days with 200 ml as standard water regime for 24 days after transplanting. Completely randomized block design with 3 repetitions was applied. Data related to Relative Plant Height Growth, Relative Leaf Number Growth, Relative Shoot Fresh Mass Growth and Relative Root Length Growth were determined. The results indicated a significant effect of water deficit on all considered parameters by limiting the growth. Reduction observed were less accentuated in lines L2. Line L2 showed a significant difference for root growth indicating the adaptability of drought. Based on drought tolerant index, L2 was the most tolerant. At this stage, lines L2 appeared to be the most promising for the creation of new drought-tolerant amaranth varieties.
Genetic studies of genotypic responses to water stress in upland cotton (Goss...INNS PUBNET
The present study was carried out to examine the potential in cotton germplasm for breeding water stress tolerant plant material, and understand the genetic basis of different morphological traits related to water stress tolerance. Portioned analysis of variance was employed to obtain good parents for this purposes. The parental genotypes MNH-512, Arizona-6218, CIM-482, MS-39, and NIAB-78 were crossed in complete diallel fashion and F0 seeds of 20 hybrids and five parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010. Simple regression analysis of F1 data revealed that additive-dominance model was quite adequate for all morphological traits. The unit slope of regression lines number of bolls (b = 1.07 ± 9.14), boll weight (b = 0.99 ± 0.11), yield per plant (b = 0.96 ± 0.31), plant height (b = 1.10 ± 0.34), leaf area index (b = 0.82 ± 0.27), and ginning percentage (b = 1.01 ± 0.12) suggested that the epistatic component was absent in the inheritance of all characters studied. The result of various plant characters including seed yield showed drastic effects of water stress as compared with those assessed in non-stressed condition. Leaf area index in the analysis of variance suggested that additive variation was more important for the character. Narrow leaf varieties NIAB-78 and CIM-482 were water stress tolerant while varieties Arizona-6218, MNH-512 and MS-39 were broader leaf showing less resistant to water stress. The information derived from these studies may be used to develop drought tolerant cotton material that could give economic yield in water stressed conditions of cotton belt. Full articles at: http://innspubnet.blogspot.com/2016/08/diversity-and-distribution-of-anuran-in.html
Influence of water stress and rhizobial inoculation on growth and yield of se...Innspub Net
Two season’s field experiment and single season screen house experiment were conducted to assess the effect of water stress periods and rhizobial inoculation in five P. vulgaris cultivars. The experiment consisted of two levels of rhizobia (with and without inoculation), two stress levels (with and without water stress) and five cultivars of P. vulgaris (KAT B9, KAT B1, F9 Kidney Selection, F8 Drought line and JESCA). Results showed that rhizobial inoculation significantly increased plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) at vegetative and flowering in field experiment. Furthermore, water stress treatments significantly reduced plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) in both growth stages at field experiment. For screen house experiment rhizobial inoculation significantly increased leaf area (cm2), number of leaves, stem girth (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) at both growth stages. Additionally, water stress treatments significantly reduced number of leaves, stem diameter (mm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) in both growth stages. Varieties F9 Kidney Selection, F8 Drought Line and JESCA had significantly superior measurements reflected in increased plant height (cm), shoot and root dry weight (g-1 plant) and seed yields (kg-1 ha) as compared with KAT B9 and KAT B1. Furthermore, significant interactive effects were also seen between rhizobial inoculation x stress level and tested bean cultivars on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot dry weight and seed yields.
Introduction to On-farm Organic Plant Breeding provides farmers with an overview of basic genetics, farm-based experimental design, and breeding techniques appropriate for organic farms. - See more at: http://ofrf.org/blogs/new-tools-organic-farmers-teach-diy-plant-breeding#sthash.clHAu7FF.Fd4spHEW.dpuf
Estimation of genetic parameters and gene actions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor...Innspub Net
A study of sorghum tolerance to low P condition was conducted in two experiments : (1) in nutrient solution and
(2) in acid soil. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters that could be used as selection criteria in low P condition and to obtain information on gene action that controlled agronomic characters of sorghum.The plant materials used in this experiment were F2 segregating population derived from the cross between B69 and Numbu. The first experiment was conducted in the green house of Bogor Agricultural University. B69, Numbu and F2 population were grown hidroponically for 14 days. Composition of the nutrient solution used in the experiment followed the method suggested by Ohki with modification of P concentration. P is given in the form of KH2PO4: 0.001 mM. The results showed that shoot dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TDW) had high estimate of heritability and moderate genotypic
coefficient of variance (GCV), thus these characters can be used for criteria selection for low P tolerance at seedling stage. The significant value of skweness from the distribution shoot dry weight in F2 segregants, indicate the presence of complementary epistasis gene action, whereas normal distribution of total dry weight showed additive gene action. The second experiment was conducted in acid soils of Bogor District Experimental Field Tenjo, Bogor. The results showed that stem diameter, panicle weight and grain yield per plant had high heritability and wide GCV value, indicating these characters can be used as the selection criteria in selecting
sorghum genotypes for low P tolerance in acid soil. Based on the skewness values, all of the agronomy characters
observed in this study were influenced by additive gene action. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-3-september-2015-ijaar/
Criteria for the Selection of Vegetable Growth-Promoting Bacteria to be appli...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
In order to define which are the most important criteria for the selection of plant Growth-Promoting bacterial strains of the Hibiscus sabdariffa L. crop (Roselle), bacterial strains isolated from the roots of Roselle plants of two varieties (Creole and Spider) were used, collected in the community of Río de los Peces, municipality of Candelaria Loxicha, Oaxaca and seeds of the same varieties. To characterize the varieties, the following were determined: total germination percentage (TGP), germination speed (GS), the root length(RL), the stem length (SL), the dry root biomass (DRB), the dry stem biomass (DSB) and the chlorophyll content (CC). Three types of LED lamps were used to illuminate the seedlings. The seeds inoculated with cells of six selected bacterial strains were grown in a greenhouse to determine: the stem length (SL) at 3, 45 and 65 days after sowing (das). The treatments were distributed under a completely random design and comparison of means (Tukey, p = 0.05). The TGP, DSB and DRB parameters were not useful in the selection process of the strains that promoted plant growth to a greater degree. The GS and SL to be considered safe criteria or not, what is important is the relationship of what happens at the time of germination and development of the seedlings in the laboratory and greenhouse. The SL of the plants in the greenhouse showed differences between strains, but not regarding the control and also only observed in the first days of development (3 das). The CC did not prove to be a good selection criterion either. The lamp composed of 15% white light, 27% blue light and 58% red light was the one that most promoted root growth.
Plant breeding, its objective and historical development- pre and post mendel...Avinash Kumar
ppt for 1st chapter of plant breeding. it includes defination & objectives of plant breeding, role & challanges of plant breeeders and historical development
Production of tomato in the tropics especially in Ghana is beset with lots of setbacks thereby causing low yields per hectare. Greenhouse cultivation systems are promising yet yields of tropical tomato cultivars are hampered by adverse temperature conditions. In order to mitigate this, an experiment was conducted during the extreme summer temperature conditions in the greenhouse at Kashiwanoha Campus of Chiba University, Japan. The study was conducted between May 23, 2018 and September20, 2018. The low substrate volume production system of 500mL in closed recirculated hydroponics (sub-irrigation) method was employed. Three tropical tomato cultivars (Jaguar, Lebombo and Lindo) were evaluated for yields. Plants were spaced at 20cm (4.2 plants m-2) and 30cm (2.8 plants m-2). At 7 and 9WAT, plants were topped at 2nd and 4th nodes respectively. The 3x2x2 factorial in Randomised Complete Block design in three replications was adopted. Some parameter collected were; 1. Morphometrics such as plant height, girth, leaf number and chlorophyll content, days to 50% flowering and fruit set 2. Yield components and fruit quality such as fruit number, marketable yield, yield per area, yield per hectare, percent blossom end rot, fruit TSS, TA, TSS/TA ratio and 3. Dry matter partitioning at last harvest, 11WAT. Results showed that blossom end rot reduced the yields of Jaguar and Lindo almost by 50% while Lebombo recorded less than 1%. Lebombo produced significantly the highest plant dry mass of 125g of which 57.7% was converted to vegetative growth compared to the Jaguar. For Jaguar however, 53.7% of total plant dry mass was allocated to fruits. This in effect was translated to the highest yield of 93tons ha-1 year-1 for Jaguar plants that were pinched at 4th truss in high density planting of 4.2 plant m-2.
Performance of different substrates on growth, yield and biological efficienc...svchandran01
The substrate paddy straw has recorded maximum yield of fresh mushroom.Among the substrates newspaper substrate exhibited highest biological efficiency of more than 95 per cent. Among the varieties CO (OM) 2 has recorded early spawn run and maximum yield performance.
Selection of Drought Tolerant Mutant of Amaranthus Cruentus L. in Green HousePremier Publishers
Water deficit is one of the significant environmental factors limiting plant production. This stress occurs during drought period. The aim of this study was to select gamma irradiation-induced drought tolerant mutant drought lines during vegetative stage. Seeds of the reference cultivar were gamma irradiated using the gamma irradiated facility at the IAEA to induce genetic variation. Four selected lines based on their high biomass (L2, L17, L18 and L23) and the reference cultivar (L0) were grown under four irrigation frequencies: 2, 4, 8 and 12 days with 200 ml as standard water regime for 24 days after transplanting. Completely randomized block design with 3 repetitions was applied. Data related to Relative Plant Height Growth, Relative Leaf Number Growth, Relative Shoot Fresh Mass Growth and Relative Root Length Growth were determined. The results indicated a significant effect of water deficit on all considered parameters by limiting the growth. Reduction observed were less accentuated in lines L2. Line L2 showed a significant difference for root growth indicating the adaptability of drought. Based on drought tolerant index, L2 was the most tolerant. At this stage, lines L2 appeared to be the most promising for the creation of new drought-tolerant amaranth varieties.
Selection of Drought Tolerant Mutant of Amaranthus Cruentus L. in Green HousePremier Publishers
Water deficit is one of the significant environmental factors limiting plant production. This stress occurs during drought period. The aim of this study was to select gamma irradiation-induced drought tolerant mutant drought lines during vegetative stage. Seeds of the reference cultivar were gamma irradiated using the gamma irradiated facility at the IAEA to induce genetic variation. Four selected lines based on their high biomass (L2, L17, L18 and L23) and the reference cultivar (L0) were grown under four irrigation frequencies: 2, 4, 8 and 12 days with 200 ml as standard water regime for 24 days after transplanting. Completely randomized block design with 3 repetitions was applied. Data related to Relative Plant Height Growth, Relative Leaf Number Growth, Relative Shoot Fresh Mass Growth and Relative Root Length Growth were determined. The results indicated a significant effect of water deficit on all considered parameters by limiting the growth. Reduction observed were less accentuated in lines L2. Line L2 showed a significant difference for root growth indicating the adaptability of drought. Based on drought tolerant index, L2 was the most tolerant. At this stage, lines L2 appeared to be the most promising for the creation of new drought-tolerant amaranth varieties.
The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm and laboratory of Institute of
Sustainable Agrotechnology, University Malaysia Perlis, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia, with the objective
toinvestigate the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of aqueous extract of mungbean on seed germination and
seedling growth of three crop species, mungbean, sweet corn and okra. Different treatments of mungbean
aqueousextracts (vegetative fresh, vegetative after 2 weeks drying, vegetative after 4 weeks drying, flowering
fresh, flowering after 2 weeks drying, flowering after 4 weeks drying, flowering fresh, flowering after 2 weeks
drying, flowering after 4 weeks drying, maturity fresh, maturity after 2 weeks drying, maturity after 4 weeks
drying and water as control) were used to test their effect on the test species. The experiment was randomly
distributed and according to Completely Randomized Design(CRD) with five replicates. The results showed the
fresh vegetative aqueous extract of mungbean had a significant effect (stimulatory) on germination percent and
growth parameters such as number of root, root length and shoot height, of the three crop species. The study
revealed that the aqueous extract of mungbean have different effects (inhibitory and stimulatory) on the
seedlings and the mode of action depends on the associated plant species.Our results suggest that the aqueous
extract of mungbean from the different growth stages and drying periods have an allelopathic effect.
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
The effect of leguminous cover crops on growth and yield of tomatoAI Publications
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is one of the vegetable fruit crops commonly cultivated around the globe and used mostly as a flavour in cuisines. Cover cropping is a form of sustainable agriculture which helps to maintain soil fertility and reduces the need and the amount of inorganic fertilizer and thus helps the farmer to increase profitability. The objective of this study was to find the effect of the cover crops on growth and yield of tomato. In this experiment legume cover crops were grown in five treatment plots and these were Bare soil, inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15), Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea), Mucuna pruriens (Mucuna) and Canavalia ensiformis (Canavalia) in 3 blocks. The results showed that tomato plants grown on Canavalia ensiformis plots showed earlier flowering and fruiting than the other treatments. It also showed significantly higher yield than the other treatments (P= 0.006). The study shows that cover crops especially Canavalia ensiformis could be considered as part any farming system that wants to use sustainable farming to improve soil nutrients and reduce cost of farming.
Protected Cultivation: Special Reference to fruit ProductionNishant Kadge
Even if the protective structures are cost effective, proper planning, management and attention to details are needed to achieve maximum benefits.
The protected cultivation promises the productive yield and quality improvement with good benefit cost ratio.
Determination of the Paper Quality as a Substrate for Oyster Mushroom Cultiva...Dr. siddhant
Eight different kinds of papers, viz., glaze paper, brown paper, news paper, magazine paper, chart paper, kite paper, rough copy paper and A-4 size printing paper, and two types of cardboard viz., corrugated cardboard and card board were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster
mushroom Pleurotus florida Strain-P1. Among them news paper was later treated as a control. The mushroom was utilized all the substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. Majority substrates were taken almost equal time for spawn run, primordial development and fruiting bodies
maturation. The measured parameters were net yield (Weight of fresh mushrooms), biological efficiency, number of fruiting bodies produced and average weight of sporophores varied among themselves. The crop of mushroom was harvested in three flushes where yield and biological efficiency ranged 190-495 gm, 38-99% for the substrate used. Magazine paper (450 gm; 90%) and card board (495 gm; 99%) produced significant (P=0.05) yield and biological efficiency over control.
They also produced significant number of mushroom fruit bodies (56 and 64, respectively). Corrugated cardboard (10.29 gm) was found significant in terms of average weight per sporocarp. The percentage yield of different substrates was also evaluated. Among the substrates, card board
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Growth and yield adaptability of selected varieties of strawberry (Fragaria x...Innspub Net
This study aims to evaluate the growth adaptability, yield performance and Pest infestation on three introduced strawberry varieties at Bataan namely; Sweet Charlie, Festival and Summer Princess. Evaluation test was based on the Plant height, Number of Runners, Days to flower, Number of fruit bears, Weight of fruit per pot, Computed Yield and Pest degree infestation. This was conducted at the Greenhouse Nursery of BPSU, Abucay Campus. In terms of growth adaptability, Sweet Charlie obtained the most prominent character followed by Festival variety and Summer Princess. On the yield performance, all varietal tested are comparable to each other, However, Summer princess revealed as least in growth adaptability, study shows that, summer princess yielded better than the two remaining varieties tested under greenhouse condition. Thus, summer princess variety is a more noticeable and promising variety that can tribe in Bataan condition. On Insect and Disease assessment, most prevalent insects found are Cutworm and Aphids while on diseases, Anthracnose fruit rot and Angular leaf spot were observed these are caused by fungi. Further studies may focus on the cultural management practices, field test to find out more promising cultivars that will thrive best to Bataan, Sensory evaluation is also recommended.
Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes from...Dr. siddhant
Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the
substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165 gm, 33%) than egg shells (155 gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of
sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.
Assessing the effect of polyculture on the phenological and nutraceutical pro...scribddarkened352
Excerpt from "Assessing the effect of polyculture on the phenological and nutraceutical profile of five microgreen species" isolating the work done on C. ficifolia.
Studies on the allelopathic effect of aquatic invasive plants on Cicer arieti...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
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The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Assessment is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the fulfillment of sustainable development goals in respect to the environment, artificial intelligence, and dynamic dichotomy of administrative agencies and presidential restriction, as statutory interpretation development to renewable energy. The constitutional forms of British government satisfy the sustainable development goals needed to fight climate change, advocate healthy ecosystem, promote leadership of magnates, and delegate responsibilities towards green economy. The presidential partisanship must be observed to delineate parties of concerns and execute the government prescriptions in equivalence to the dichotomous relationship of technology and the environment in fulfilling the rights and privileges of all citizens. Hence, the political elites can execute corporate governance towards sustainable development of renewable energy promoting environmental parks and zero emission target of carbon dioxide discharges. The economic theory developed in statutory interpretation for renewable energy serves as a tool to reduce detrimental impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment, mitigate climate change, and produce artefacts of bioenergy and artificial intelligence promoting sustainable development. It is suggested to explore other vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence to prosper economic success.
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Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cultivars through Stem Cuttings on Coco Substrate under Greenhouse Condition
1. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) [Vol-2, Issue-5, Sept-Oct, 2018]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.2.5.3 ISSN: 2456-8635
www.aipublications.com Page | 182
Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum) Cultivars through Stem
Cuttings on Coco Substrate under Greenhouse
Condition
Surendra Lal Shrestha1, WonHee Kang2
1Horticulture Research Division, NARC, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
Email: shsurendra@hotmail.com
1Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
Email: whkang@ac.kor
Abstract — Two weeks old rooted cuttings of three
commercial hybrid varieties; Triple plus, Temptation and
Campairo were grown on cocopit substrate media with five
replications on randomized complete block desigh (RCBD)
in greenhouse condition at Mendel School Research
Farm,Hwacheon. Transplanting was done on June 9, 2013
with spacing of 30 cm between plant and 45 cm between
rows. Plants were trained as single stem and harvesting of
the fruits were done upto 2.5 meter height. The major
objective of this experiment was to evaluate their
performance on stem cuttings. On the basis of overall
characteristics, Triple plus showed superior performance;
early flowering, higher plant uniformity, vigorous plant,
higher leaf density, less powdery mildew infection, distinct
stem pubescence, earlier fruit set, bigger size of fruits with
thicker flesh, higher yield of fruits in tons per hectare and
per plant, as compared to other cultivars has been selected
and recommended for commercial cultivation through stem
cuttings. It was followed by Temptation. Beside this, stem
cuttingsis an alternative planting materials in all the tested
cultivars where apical branches during pruning could be
used as alternative planting materials for tomato
cultivation.
Keywords— fruit yield, hybrid varieties, performance,
RCBD, stem cutting.
I. INTRODUCTION
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is important most
consumed vegetable crops in the world where it is the
second most important vegetable crop after potato (Panthee
and Chen 2010). It belongs to solanaceae family. Korea is
also the largest supplier of fresh tomato in Japanese market.
It is fast emerging vegetable and cash crop in Korea. The
estimated tomato production area was 6,144 hawith the total
production of 408,170 ton (MFAFF, 2008). Tomato
production is in increasing order and most of the exporting
tomatoes are from green house where major cultivating
cultivars are exotic hybrid cultivars.
Hybrid cultivar consists of first generation (F1)
progenies from a crossed produced through controlling the
pollination between two inbred lines. Hybrid cultivar
exploits the phenomenon of hybrid vigor or heterosis.
Hybrid seed is used for the commercial production of a
number of crops. Commercial hybrids in a number of crops
like maize, sorghum, pearl millet, cotton, rice etc. have been
revolutionized the crop breeding programs (Melchninger,
1993; Messmer et al., 1995).
Most of the commercially grown cultivars are hybrid
and seeds are quite expensive. Generally plants are trained
as single stem and most of the axillary branches are
frequently removed. As these axillary branches produce
roots easily and becomes ready within 7-10 days for
transplanting, may become as an alternative planting
materials if performs better where commercial tomato
cultivation is done widely in Korea. Today, in many
countries, soilless culture techniques are used for
production especially in greenhouses (Celikel, 1999). Most
of the tomato growers in green house are using soilless
culture i.e. cocopit or rockwool as growing substrate for
tomato production where rockwool is not biodegradable,
inorganic and non-renewable resource (Allaire et al., 2005),
andsynthetic material derived from Molton Rock which
impact on environment (Carbon Emissions as well as
Disposal in particular) is increasingly being challenged but
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cocopit is an organic and renewable resource (Mohamad
and Manisah, 2007). Plants are supplied water and nutrient
solution is provided through drip (spikelet) system where
sometime, plants died due to spikelets blockage and lack of
water. It is commonly happening and farmers need to
replant as early as possible where preparing seedlings take
place 15 days longer than rooted stemcuttings. Propagation
by cutting is inexpensive, rapid and simple and does not
require the special technique necessary in grafting , budding
or micro-propagation (Heartman 1993). But performance of
rooted stem cuttings is not yet studied with these
commercial varieties because there may have been varietal
response. According to Thompson and Kelly (1957) soil and
weather can not bring the plant higher yield than is bound
up in the capabilities of planted seed. The advantage of
vegetative propatation is readily apparent. Heterozygous
material may be perpetuated without alteration ( Janic Jules,
1979 ).
Therefore careful selection of good planting material is
one of the most important factors of growing crop.
Cultivars; Triple plus, Temptation and Campairo are widely
grown hybrid tomato cultivars in Korea and these were
introduced from Europe. All of these cultivars are
indeterminate in growth habit but varies in yield, growth,
fruit size and pre and post-harvest quality characters.
Therefore, this study was carried out to find out superior
cultivars propagating through rooted stem cuttings for
commercial production of tomatoes in greenhouse.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two weeks old rooted stem cuttings of three commercial
hybrid varieties; Triple plus, Temptation and Campairowere
grown on cocopit substrate media with five replications on
randomized complete block desigh (RCBD) in greenhouse
condition at Mendel School Research Farm, Hwacheon.
Seedlings of these three cultivars were transplanted in April
last week that is the normal season of transplanting time in
green house condition, and these have pruning time after
one month. Auxillary branches (stem cuttings) were
collected from these seedlings during pruning as planting
materials in this experiment. Stem cuttings were sown on
moist sand with attaching commercial rootex powder at
rooting part. Transplanting of these rooted stem cuttings
was done on June 9, 2013 with spacing of 30 cm between
plant and 45 cm between rows. Drip irrigation was used for
supplying water and nutrients. Average temperature of day
night was 280 and 200 C respectively. Irrigation, nutrient
supply, pest and disease control, training, pruning and all
other cultural practices were similar to all treatments. Some
physic-chemical properties of the media are shown in Table
3.1 which was analyzed before planting. Bulk density (BD),
porosity and water holding capacity of substrates were
calculated according to the methods described by Verdonck
and Gabriels (1992). Plants were trained as single stem and
harvesting of the fruits were done upto 2.5 meter height.
Data were collected on its vegetative characters; plant
height, plant vigor, number of leaves, reproductive
characters; number days to flowering, number of flowers
per truss, number of fruits set per truss, yield characters;
number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant, fruit
keeping quality characters; weight loss percent 20 and 40
days after harvest. Fruit characteristics were calculated from
individual ten fruits per treatments. Individual fruit was
weighted by digital balance and total soluble solid percent
(TSS) was measured by a hand held refractometer (Agro,
Japan), and fruit length, fruit width and pericarp thickness
was measured by vernier calipers. Data were analyzed with
MSTATC program and comparison of means was
determined by Duncan system. The major objective of this
experiment was to evaluate their performance on stem
cuttings.
Table.1: Physical properties of the growing substrates before planting the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).
Substrates BD (g.cm3) pH EC (ds.m-1) Porosity (%) WHC (%)
Cocopit 0.16 6.6 2.7 58.0 90.5
Rockwool 0.08 6.8 2 92 52.5
BD, Bulk density; EC, electrical conductivity; WHC, water holding capacity
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Fig.1: Stem cuttings give roots very fast
Fig.2: F1 hybrid commercial varieties
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III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Vegetative and flowering parameter
Significant variation among the three cultivars; Triple
plus, Temptation and Campairo were noticed on plant
uniformity, foliage density, total number of leaves, stem
pubescent, inter node length and response to powdery
mildew disease. But not significant differences on number
of nodes to first truss, plant height and plant vigor. In Triple
Plus; plant uniformity (6.7), foliage density (10), stem
pubescence (6.7), plant vigor (9.4), and inter node length
(10.6 cm) was higher as compared to other cultivars. Beside
this it was least affected by the infection of powdery
mildew disease (6.0) whereas in Campairo ; plant
uniformity (5.7), foliage density (7.3), number of nodes to
first truss (6.0), stem pubescence (5.7) and plant vigor (9.1)
was least. But these parameters in Temptation were
recorded in between (Table 3). The faster growth of plants
on cocopit should be due to improved rooting media that
was also mentioned in www.dutchplantain.com.
Table.2: Vegetative characteristics of three commercial hybrid tomato cultivars
Cultivar
Plantt
uniformity
Foliage
Density
node to 1st truss
(#)
Powdery
mildew
Tot. leaf
(#)
Triple plus 6.7 a 10a 7.5 6 b 14.2 b
Temptation 6 ab 7.7 b 6.3 6.7 b 18.5 a
Campairo 5.7 b 7.3 b 6 8b 17 a
CV% 5.4 6.9 12.1 7.6 3.8
F-test * ** ns * **
Table.3: Vegetative characteristics of commercial hybrid tomato cultivars
Cultivar Plant ht.
54DAP
( cm)
Stem
pubescense
Plant vigor Internode
(cm)
Triple plus 197.2 6.7 a 9.4 10.6
Temptation 197.5 6 ab 9.1 7.7
Campairo 199.5 5.7 b 9.1 9.7
CV% 3.8 5.4 4.9 9.4
F-test Ns * ns *
Flowering and Fruit set parameter
No significant difference observed among the cultivars on
days to; flowering, fruit setting, second inflorescence
appearance and fruit set percent in second truss. However,
number of flowers in second truss, fruit set number and
percent in in second truss and days to fruit maturity was
significantly different among the cultivars (Table 4).
Temptation gave early flowering (13 days after planting
(DAP)) followed by Triple plus (13.5 DAP) but fruit set
was earliest (21 DAP) in Triple plus followed by
Temptation (22.5 DAP). However, second inflorescence
was appeared earliest (20.3 DAP) in Campairo followed by
Temptation (21 DAP). Likewise, number of flowers in
second truss (9.8) was significantly higher in Campairo and
Temptation (9.0) as compared to Triple plus (6.0). Similarly,
number of fruit set in second truss was significantly higher
in Temptation (7.9) and Campairo (7.8) as compared to
Triple plus (4.7). Similarly, highest fruit set percentage was
calculated in Temptation (86.5) followed by Campairo
(79.3). As far as fruit maturity is concerned, matured fruits
were harvested significantly earliest (56 and 56.7 DAP) in
Campairo and Temptation respectively as compared to
Triple plus (62.3 DAP) (Table 4).
Table.4: Flowering and fruit setting behavior of commercial hybrid tomato cultivars
Cultivar Flower
ing
Fruit
set
2ndinfloresce
nse
Flowers no.
second truss
Fruit set (no.)
2nd truss
Fruit set (%) Matured fruit
(DAP)
DAP DAP DAP
Triple plus 13.3 21.8 23 6 b 4.7 b 78.7 62.3 a
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Temptation 13 22.7 21 9 a 7.9 a 86.5 56.7 b
Campairo 14.3 23.5 20.3 9.8a 7.8 a 79.3 56 b
CV% 4.9 9.8 9.1 6.8 14.9 13.9 20.2
F-test ns ns Ns ** * ns **
Fruit yield parameter
Effect of variety was significant on yield attributing
characters; total number of truss, total number of fruits, fruit
yield per plant, marketable fruit yield and marketable fruit
percentage. But, difference between Temptation and
Campairo on the above parameter was not significant. As
plant was cut after 2.5 meter height, total number of truss
(5.8), total number of fruits per plant (27.3) and marketable
fruit percent was significantly lower in Triple plus as
compared to other rest varieties. Hence, it showed that as
the number of fruit set in second cluster increased, total
number of fruits per plant was also increased.. (Table 5).
Table.5: Yield characteristics of commercial hybrid tomato cultivars
Cultivar Tot. truss
(#)
Tot.fruits
(#)
yield
(g/plant)
Marketable
(%)
Marketable
Yield (g/plant)
Triple plus 5.8 b 27.3 b 3320.2 a 82.8 b 2753.9 a
Temptation 7a 51 a 1896.2 b 82.9 b 1577.5 b
Campairo 7a 54.2 a 1895 b 93.4 a 1768.8 b
CV% 5.2 10.5 16.4 4.22 18.6
F-test * ** * * *
Fruit characters and keeping quality parameter
Difference between cultivars was significant on most of
the fruit parameter. Even though Temptation and Campairo
are not significantly different on most of the fruit parameter;
average weight, size measurement, flesh thickness, number
of locules and brix reading, Triple Plus had significantly
higher average fruit weight (144.3gm), longer fruit length
(6.1cm), width (6.4cm), perimeter (21.1cm), flesh thickness
(0.85cm), number of locules (4.1) and lower brix (4.5)
reading (Table 6) as compared to Temptation and Campairo.
As far as yield is concerned, eventhoug Triple plus had
significantly less number of trusses (5.8) and total number
of fruits (27.3) per plant, total yield per plant (3320.2 g),
marketable yield (2753.9g) per plant was higher due to big
size of fruits (Table 5). Shrestha and Sah (2014) had also
found significant variation among the tested cultivars in
central region, Nepa.
Table.6: Fruit characteristics of commercial hybrid tomato cultivars
Cultivar fruit wt. 67DAP
(g)
Fruit
Length
(cm)
Width
(cm)
Perimeter
(cm)
Brix Felshthickness
(cm)
Locule
(#)
Triple plus 144.3 a 6.13 a 6.42 a 21.1 a 4.52 b 0.85 a 4.1 a
Temptation 51.5 b 4.1 b 4.82 b 15 b 5.53 a 0.57 b 2.5 b
Campairo 44.3 b 4.01 b 4.28 b 14.28 b 5.53 a 0.58 b 2.3 b
CV% 6.4 1.7 8.19 1.94 4.7 5.53 7.33
F-test ** ** ** ** * ** **
The lowest TSS content (4.52 Brix) was recorded in Triple
plus, that was reflected on its taste where Temptation and
Campairo had good taste. Fruits of Triple plus was green
color in immature stage and deep red in matured stage had
least number of seeds in the fruit (73). Tomato fruits after
20 and 40 days keeping at room temperature, weight loss
percent was higher in Triple plus followed by Campairo
(Fig. 3) and least were in Temptation. Likewise, shrinkage
on fruit skin was not visible and distinct among these
varieties up to 20 days keeping but rotten spots was distinct
in Triple plus. But, after 40 days, shrinkage and rotten spot
was least recorded in Temptation as compared to other
cultivars (Fig 4).
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Table.7: Fruit and keeping quality characteristics of commercial hybrid tomato cultivars
Cultivar
Imature fruit color Fruit
shoulder Fruit shape Fruit color
Taste
Seed/fruit (#)
Triple plus Green Fair Oval Deep red Fair 0.85 a
Temptation Light green None Globose Blood red Good 0.57 b
Campairo Light green None Globose Deep red Very good 0.58 b
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Triple plus Temptation Campairo
Fig. 3. Weight loss (%) during storage
wt.loss (%) 20DAS
wt.loss (%) 40DAS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
shrinkage (%) 20DAS rotten spot shrinkage (%) 40DAS rotten spot
Fig. 4. Shrinkage and rotten spot during storage
Triple plus
Temptation
Campairo
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Fig. 5. Rotting and shrinkage status of 3 cultivars after 20 days &
40 days storage at room temperature
IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
• On the basis of overall characteristics, Triple plus
showed superior performance; early flowering, higher
plant uniformity, vigorous plant, higher leaf density,
less powdery mildew infection, distinct stem
pubescence, earlier fruit set, bigger size of fruits with
thicker flesh, lesser number of seeds, higher yield of
fruits in tons per hectare and per plant, as compared to
other cultivars followed by Temptation.
• Suckers (stem cuttings) which are wasting materials
could be used as propagating materials for subsequent
tomato cultivation and gap filling.
• Stem cuttings planting enhance the early flowering
and fruiting.
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to acknowledge plant physiology and
molecular lab, Kangwon National University for providing
facility and support for conducting this study.
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