1) A study was conducted to determine the effect of different organic solutions on lettuce grown in a modified hydroponic system. The organic solutions tested were a homemade concoction, commercial amino acids, inorganic fertilizer, and coconut water.
2) Results showed that lettuce grown with the homemade concoction solution had more leaves, wider leaves, and heavier weight compared to the other solutions.
3) Overall, the homemade concoction performed as well or better than the commercial organic and inorganic solutions, indicating its potential as an effective organic nutrient solution for hydroponic systems.
Evaluation of Different Growing Substrates on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under ...Innspub Net
Hydroponic technology has many benefits that it is highly productive and conserves water and land most especially if natural resources are scarce. Normally, plants grow inside a greenhouse that controls temperature, light, water and nutrition. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different growing substrates on lettuce under a non-circulating hydroponics system. It was conducted at Cagayan State University – Piat Campus from September to October 2019. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications was used to test the following treatments: T1 – Rockwool, T2– Coco peat, T3 – Carbonized Rice Hull (CRH) and T4 – Sawdust. Results show that plants under coco coir (T2)–obtained the tallest and longest roots while the most number of leaves and heaviest fresh biomass was registered in rock wool (T1). In terms of water pH, the result revealed no significant differences among treatment means. In the absence of rock wool, the coco coir can be used as an alternative as growing substrates for a non-circulating hydroponics system since they did not differ significantly.
In the culminating course for Sustainability Studies minors at Muhlenberg College in the Spring of 2014, I worked on a semester long research proposal that was used to help install a hydroponic herb garden in the Wood Dining Commons. The attached proposal includes the research process, discussion about how the system will be disseminated and implemented, marketing and educational components of the garden, and explanation of how a hydroponics system benefits Muhlenberg within the context of sustainability.
The journal is an open access, international, double-blind peer-reviewed journal publishing research articles, Invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the Editor in the field of agriculture, fisheries, veterinary, biology, and closely related disciplines. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences is being published online biannually as of 2007. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences aims to create an environment for researchers to introduce, share, read, and discuss recent scientific progress. We adopt the policy of providing open access to readers who may be interested in recent developments.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: ECHO Conference on Asian Agriculture Chiangmai, Thailand
Presented on: September 21, 2009
Growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) using ver...Open Access Research Paper
The study was conducted to look into the efficacy of vermicast as soil amendments on the growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). It aimed to determine vermicast’s effect on the fruit quality of tomato and to determine which among the treatments gives significant results. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five (5) treatments replicated three (3) times. Treatment effectiveness was based on plant height, number of flowering days, weight yield per hectare, ROI, physico-chemical of tomato and NPK soil content. Results revealed that 10 bags of vermicast per hectare in combination with inorganic fertilizer (90-0-0Kg N ha1) was a good soil amendment or nutrient source because it improved soil quality, fruit quality, and physic-chemical properties of tomato, thus, producing better yield and cost return.
Evaluation of Different Growing Substrates on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under ...Innspub Net
Hydroponic technology has many benefits that it is highly productive and conserves water and land most especially if natural resources are scarce. Normally, plants grow inside a greenhouse that controls temperature, light, water and nutrition. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different growing substrates on lettuce under a non-circulating hydroponics system. It was conducted at Cagayan State University – Piat Campus from September to October 2019. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications was used to test the following treatments: T1 – Rockwool, T2– Coco peat, T3 – Carbonized Rice Hull (CRH) and T4 – Sawdust. Results show that plants under coco coir (T2)–obtained the tallest and longest roots while the most number of leaves and heaviest fresh biomass was registered in rock wool (T1). In terms of water pH, the result revealed no significant differences among treatment means. In the absence of rock wool, the coco coir can be used as an alternative as growing substrates for a non-circulating hydroponics system since they did not differ significantly.
In the culminating course for Sustainability Studies minors at Muhlenberg College in the Spring of 2014, I worked on a semester long research proposal that was used to help install a hydroponic herb garden in the Wood Dining Commons. The attached proposal includes the research process, discussion about how the system will be disseminated and implemented, marketing and educational components of the garden, and explanation of how a hydroponics system benefits Muhlenberg within the context of sustainability.
The journal is an open access, international, double-blind peer-reviewed journal publishing research articles, Invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the Editor in the field of agriculture, fisheries, veterinary, biology, and closely related disciplines. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences is being published online biannually as of 2007. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences aims to create an environment for researchers to introduce, share, read, and discuss recent scientific progress. We adopt the policy of providing open access to readers who may be interested in recent developments.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: ECHO Conference on Asian Agriculture Chiangmai, Thailand
Presented on: September 21, 2009
Growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) using ver...Open Access Research Paper
The study was conducted to look into the efficacy of vermicast as soil amendments on the growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). It aimed to determine vermicast’s effect on the fruit quality of tomato and to determine which among the treatments gives significant results. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five (5) treatments replicated three (3) times. Treatment effectiveness was based on plant height, number of flowering days, weight yield per hectare, ROI, physico-chemical of tomato and NPK soil content. Results revealed that 10 bags of vermicast per hectare in combination with inorganic fertilizer (90-0-0Kg N ha1) was a good soil amendment or nutrient source because it improved soil quality, fruit quality, and physic-chemical properties of tomato, thus, producing better yield and cost return.
Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cultivars throu...AI Publications
Two weeks old rooted cuttings of three commercial hybrid varieties; Triple plus, Temptation and Campairo were grown on cocopit substrate media with five replications on randomized complete block desigh (RCBD) in greenhouse condition at Mendel School Research Farm,Hwacheon. Transplanting was done on June 9, 2013 with spacing of 30 cm between plant and 45 cm between rows. Plants were trained as single stem and harvesting of the fruits were done upto 2.5 meter height. The major objective of this experiment was to evaluate their performance on stem cuttings. On the basis of overall characteristics, Triple plus showed superior performance; early flowering, higher plant uniformity, vigorous plant, higher leaf density, less powdery mildew infection, distinct stem pubescence, earlier fruit set, bigger size of fruits with thicker flesh, higher yield of fruits in tons per hectare and per plant, as compared to other cultivars has been selected and recommended for commercial cultivation through stem cuttings. It was followed by Temptation. Beside this, stem cuttings is an alternative planting materials in all the tested cultivars where apical branches during pruning could be used as alternative planting materials for tomato cultivation.
Comparative economic analysis of organic and inorganic wheatsanaullah noonari
The production of wheat crop for the year 2012-13 is estimated to be 24.2 million tons against last year’s
production of 23.4 million tons. The major reasons for this enhanced production were increase in support price
from Rs.1050 to Rs.1200 per 40 Kg which encouraged improved seed usage and fertilizers. There was also better
weather and comparatively more water available from the reservoirs. The target for wheat production for 2013-
14 has been fixed at 25.0 million tons. The fertilizer has raised the expenses of the inorganic farmers, which are
not, used in organic farming. Cash cost in case of organic and inorganic farming is Rs. 23053.00 and 25846.00
respectively. The non-cash cost of organic and inorganic are Rs.19389.65 and 18815.10 respectively. Total cost
is the combination of cash and non-cash costs that is Rs.42442.65 and 44661.00 in organic and inorganic
farming. Gross margin (GM) is obtained by subtracting the cash cost from the gross value of product. GM is
Rs.33142.65 and 36182.00 in organic and inorganic farming system. Net income is obtained by subtracting the
total cost from the gross value of product. It is Rs.13752.35 and Rs.17367.00 in organic and inorganic farming,
respectively showing a difference of Rs.2615.35. The analysis shows that low net income in organic farming
than the inorganic farming is due to the low yield and high labor cost in organic system. Secondly health and
environmental costs are not included in the analysis, because in the study site farmers are unaware of these costs.
Keywords: Wheat, organic, Inorganic, support price, environmental costs, Pakistan
The Effects of Different Growing Mediums in a Hydroponically Grown Lettuceijtsrd
Hydroponics has become a popular method of plant cultivation, offering several benefits such as increased yields and efficient water usage. The hydroponic medium used is crucial for the growth and development of plants as it provides a foundation for the roots to receive the necessary oxygen and nutrients. With numerous growing mediums available, the choice of the hydroponic medium becomes a significant factor in the success of hydroponic setups. In this context, the researchers study examines the efficiency of different mediums such as rock wool, hydroponic sponge, and pool noodles in hydroponic lettuce production.The study shows that Rockwool is the most efficient medium, as it offers the highest number of leaves and heaviest fresh biomass, while still being water efficient. Although other mediums such as coco peat, hydroponic sponge, and pool noodles show promise, Rockwool stands out as the best option. This study is significant for hydroponic cultivators and farmers as it helps them make informed decisions about which medium to use for their hydroponic setups. With Rockwool, farmers and producers can cultivate high quality plants firmly, leading to increased yields and profitability. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of hydroponics as a sustainable and efficient method of plant cultivation. Brent Ashley T. Berdin | Ranz Angelo D. Carin | Derek Andrew D. Julao | Isiah Genrev G. Montelibano | Nikko C. Catarina | Anna Lea A. Davide "The Effects of Different Growing Mediums in a Hydroponically Grown Lettuce" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57530.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/57530/the-effects-of-different-growing-mediums-in-a-hydroponically-grown-lettuce/brent-ashley-t-berdin
Consultation on Peace, Freedom from Hunger, and Sustainable Development: The Ethical Dimensions M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, MSRRF,Chennai, India
Generation and proliferation rate assessment of saba banana (Musa balbisiana)...Innspub Net
The main production constraint of banana is the availability of disease-free and healthy planting materials. Tissue culture is a technique that could provide these materials, but it requires high cost and technical expertise. Macropropagation offers simpler and more affordable processes that could enhance seedling production. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation levels and growth enhancers on macropropagation of saba banana under glasshouse conditions using factorial in completely randomized design. Factor A consisted of irrigation levels: A1=50%RR, A2=100% RR and A3=150%RR. Different growth enhancers were used for Factor B: B0=Control, B1=Coconut water, B2=Seaweed extract and B3=Benzyl Amino Purine. Results clearly suggests the advantage of using plant growth enhancers and appropriate irrigation level for macropropagation of banana. The irrigation level of 50% of recommended rate or 4liters/day plus the application of BAP (2mg/l) or the plant growth enhancers may be recommended for obtaining maximum growth, more plantlets produced and irrigation water efficiency of banana. It could not only save water for plants but also accelerate the growth and production of banana.
Selection of Drought Tolerant Mutant of Amaranthus Cruentus L. in Green HousePremier Publishers
Water deficit is one of the significant environmental factors limiting plant production. This stress occurs during drought period. The aim of this study was to select gamma irradiation-induced drought tolerant mutant drought lines during vegetative stage. Seeds of the reference cultivar were gamma irradiated using the gamma irradiated facility at the IAEA to induce genetic variation. Four selected lines based on their high biomass (L2, L17, L18 and L23) and the reference cultivar (L0) were grown under four irrigation frequencies: 2, 4, 8 and 12 days with 200 ml as standard water regime for 24 days after transplanting. Completely randomized block design with 3 repetitions was applied. Data related to Relative Plant Height Growth, Relative Leaf Number Growth, Relative Shoot Fresh Mass Growth and Relative Root Length Growth were determined. The results indicated a significant effect of water deficit on all considered parameters by limiting the growth. Reduction observed were less accentuated in lines L2. Line L2 showed a significant difference for root growth indicating the adaptability of drought. Based on drought tolerant index, L2 was the most tolerant. At this stage, lines L2 appeared to be the most promising for the creation of new drought-tolerant amaranth varieties.
Selection of Drought Tolerant Mutant of Amaranthus Cruentus L. in Green HousePremier Publishers
Water deficit is one of the significant environmental factors limiting plant production. This stress occurs during drought period. The aim of this study was to select gamma irradiation-induced drought tolerant mutant drought lines during vegetative stage. Seeds of the reference cultivar were gamma irradiated using the gamma irradiated facility at the IAEA to induce genetic variation. Four selected lines based on their high biomass (L2, L17, L18 and L23) and the reference cultivar (L0) were grown under four irrigation frequencies: 2, 4, 8 and 12 days with 200 ml as standard water regime for 24 days after transplanting. Completely randomized block design with 3 repetitions was applied. Data related to Relative Plant Height Growth, Relative Leaf Number Growth, Relative Shoot Fresh Mass Growth and Relative Root Length Growth were determined. The results indicated a significant effect of water deficit on all considered parameters by limiting the growth. Reduction observed were less accentuated in lines L2. Line L2 showed a significant difference for root growth indicating the adaptability of drought. Based on drought tolerant index, L2 was the most tolerant. At this stage, lines L2 appeared to be the most promising for the creation of new drought-tolerant amaranth varieties.
Effect of Drip Irrigation and Fertilizer Management on Capsicum (Capsicum Ann...iosrjce
An experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2008-09 to study the effect of drip irrigation
and fertilizer management on Capsicum at Research area farms of Assam Agriculture University Jorhat
(Assam) India. Result reviled that the effect of drip irrigation and fertilizer management treatments (T3) were
significant in respect of percent nitrogen content both in plant (2.18%) and fruits (1.19%). Similarly the highest
uptake af p2o5 by plants (7.37 kg/ha) and by fruits (3.64 kg/ha) k2o by plant (47.05 kg/ha) and by fruits (26.07
kg/ha) recorded in treatment T3 at 100% EPR alone with the application of 75% RD of N and K through drip.
The total Uptake of N (69.16 kg/ha) p2o 5 (11.0 kg/ha) and K20 (73.12 kg/ha) were also significant over the
treatment T9 (N-48.27 kg/ha)p2o 5 (7.41 kg/ha) and K2o (48.85 kg/ha) respectively. The nutrient status
determined in terms of available N, p2o 5, and K+O in kg/ha was significantly influenced by different drip
irrigation and fertilizer management significantly highest fruit yield (87.20 q/ha) was recorded in drip irrigation
at 100 EPR along application of 75 % Rd of N through drip irrigation over treatments.
Using next generation sequencing to describe epiphytic microbiota associated ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Its seems likely that agricultural management as diverse as certified organic and conventional IPM practices would impact the microbiota associated with crop surfaces differently. We sampled organic and conventionally managed apples at multiple time-points in a growing season and characterized the bacterial taxa associated with replicates of each treatment type. Surprisingly, no evidence of significant differences persisting across multiple time-points was observed. Significant differential abundance of certain taxa was documented but when it was, it was primarily associated with a single time-point making it difficult to understand if these observations resulted from an environmental or a treatment effect. Principal component analyses demonstrated that sampling time-point explained more of the differences between bacterial communities than treatment. Description of dominant shared bacterial families for both organic and conventional samples included Oxalobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae.
Author: Norman Uphoff
Title: Agroecological Management of Soil Systems for Food, Water, Climate Resilience, and Biodiversity
Date: December 6, 2019
Presented at: The Knowledge Dialogue on the Occasion of World Soil Day
Venue: United Nations, New York
Resistance of Dryland Rice to Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.) Using ...IJRES Journal
Rice stem borer is one of the important pests that attack plants so as to reduce production. One way
to control pests is to use organic fertilizers that make the plant stronger and healthier. This study was conducted
to determine the effects of organic fertilizers with various doses without the use of pesticides in controlling stem
borer, Scirpophaga incertulas. Methods using split-split plot design which consists of two levels of the whole
plot factor (solid and liquid organic fertilizers), two levels of the subplot factor (conventional and industry,
Tiens and Mitraflora), and four levels of the sub-subplot factor of conventional and industry (5, 10, 15, 20
tonnes/ha), and one level of the sub-subplot factor of Tiens and Mitraflora (each 2 ml/l). Based on the results
Statistical analysis there were no significant differences among treatments and this shows that the use of organic
fertilizers that only a dose of 5 tonnes/ha is sufficient available nutrients that make plants more robust and
resistant to control stem borer, besides that can reduce production costs and friendly to the environment when
compared with using inorganic fertilizers.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cultivars throu...AI Publications
Two weeks old rooted cuttings of three commercial hybrid varieties; Triple plus, Temptation and Campairo were grown on cocopit substrate media with five replications on randomized complete block desigh (RCBD) in greenhouse condition at Mendel School Research Farm,Hwacheon. Transplanting was done on June 9, 2013 with spacing of 30 cm between plant and 45 cm between rows. Plants were trained as single stem and harvesting of the fruits were done upto 2.5 meter height. The major objective of this experiment was to evaluate their performance on stem cuttings. On the basis of overall characteristics, Triple plus showed superior performance; early flowering, higher plant uniformity, vigorous plant, higher leaf density, less powdery mildew infection, distinct stem pubescence, earlier fruit set, bigger size of fruits with thicker flesh, higher yield of fruits in tons per hectare and per plant, as compared to other cultivars has been selected and recommended for commercial cultivation through stem cuttings. It was followed by Temptation. Beside this, stem cuttings is an alternative planting materials in all the tested cultivars where apical branches during pruning could be used as alternative planting materials for tomato cultivation.
Comparative economic analysis of organic and inorganic wheatsanaullah noonari
The production of wheat crop for the year 2012-13 is estimated to be 24.2 million tons against last year’s
production of 23.4 million tons. The major reasons for this enhanced production were increase in support price
from Rs.1050 to Rs.1200 per 40 Kg which encouraged improved seed usage and fertilizers. There was also better
weather and comparatively more water available from the reservoirs. The target for wheat production for 2013-
14 has been fixed at 25.0 million tons. The fertilizer has raised the expenses of the inorganic farmers, which are
not, used in organic farming. Cash cost in case of organic and inorganic farming is Rs. 23053.00 and 25846.00
respectively. The non-cash cost of organic and inorganic are Rs.19389.65 and 18815.10 respectively. Total cost
is the combination of cash and non-cash costs that is Rs.42442.65 and 44661.00 in organic and inorganic
farming. Gross margin (GM) is obtained by subtracting the cash cost from the gross value of product. GM is
Rs.33142.65 and 36182.00 in organic and inorganic farming system. Net income is obtained by subtracting the
total cost from the gross value of product. It is Rs.13752.35 and Rs.17367.00 in organic and inorganic farming,
respectively showing a difference of Rs.2615.35. The analysis shows that low net income in organic farming
than the inorganic farming is due to the low yield and high labor cost in organic system. Secondly health and
environmental costs are not included in the analysis, because in the study site farmers are unaware of these costs.
Keywords: Wheat, organic, Inorganic, support price, environmental costs, Pakistan
The Effects of Different Growing Mediums in a Hydroponically Grown Lettuceijtsrd
Hydroponics has become a popular method of plant cultivation, offering several benefits such as increased yields and efficient water usage. The hydroponic medium used is crucial for the growth and development of plants as it provides a foundation for the roots to receive the necessary oxygen and nutrients. With numerous growing mediums available, the choice of the hydroponic medium becomes a significant factor in the success of hydroponic setups. In this context, the researchers study examines the efficiency of different mediums such as rock wool, hydroponic sponge, and pool noodles in hydroponic lettuce production.The study shows that Rockwool is the most efficient medium, as it offers the highest number of leaves and heaviest fresh biomass, while still being water efficient. Although other mediums such as coco peat, hydroponic sponge, and pool noodles show promise, Rockwool stands out as the best option. This study is significant for hydroponic cultivators and farmers as it helps them make informed decisions about which medium to use for their hydroponic setups. With Rockwool, farmers and producers can cultivate high quality plants firmly, leading to increased yields and profitability. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of hydroponics as a sustainable and efficient method of plant cultivation. Brent Ashley T. Berdin | Ranz Angelo D. Carin | Derek Andrew D. Julao | Isiah Genrev G. Montelibano | Nikko C. Catarina | Anna Lea A. Davide "The Effects of Different Growing Mediums in a Hydroponically Grown Lettuce" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57530.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/57530/the-effects-of-different-growing-mediums-in-a-hydroponically-grown-lettuce/brent-ashley-t-berdin
Consultation on Peace, Freedom from Hunger, and Sustainable Development: The Ethical Dimensions M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, MSRRF,Chennai, India
Generation and proliferation rate assessment of saba banana (Musa balbisiana)...Innspub Net
The main production constraint of banana is the availability of disease-free and healthy planting materials. Tissue culture is a technique that could provide these materials, but it requires high cost and technical expertise. Macropropagation offers simpler and more affordable processes that could enhance seedling production. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation levels and growth enhancers on macropropagation of saba banana under glasshouse conditions using factorial in completely randomized design. Factor A consisted of irrigation levels: A1=50%RR, A2=100% RR and A3=150%RR. Different growth enhancers were used for Factor B: B0=Control, B1=Coconut water, B2=Seaweed extract and B3=Benzyl Amino Purine. Results clearly suggests the advantage of using plant growth enhancers and appropriate irrigation level for macropropagation of banana. The irrigation level of 50% of recommended rate or 4liters/day plus the application of BAP (2mg/l) or the plant growth enhancers may be recommended for obtaining maximum growth, more plantlets produced and irrigation water efficiency of banana. It could not only save water for plants but also accelerate the growth and production of banana.
Selection of Drought Tolerant Mutant of Amaranthus Cruentus L. in Green HousePremier Publishers
Water deficit is one of the significant environmental factors limiting plant production. This stress occurs during drought period. The aim of this study was to select gamma irradiation-induced drought tolerant mutant drought lines during vegetative stage. Seeds of the reference cultivar were gamma irradiated using the gamma irradiated facility at the IAEA to induce genetic variation. Four selected lines based on their high biomass (L2, L17, L18 and L23) and the reference cultivar (L0) were grown under four irrigation frequencies: 2, 4, 8 and 12 days with 200 ml as standard water regime for 24 days after transplanting. Completely randomized block design with 3 repetitions was applied. Data related to Relative Plant Height Growth, Relative Leaf Number Growth, Relative Shoot Fresh Mass Growth and Relative Root Length Growth were determined. The results indicated a significant effect of water deficit on all considered parameters by limiting the growth. Reduction observed were less accentuated in lines L2. Line L2 showed a significant difference for root growth indicating the adaptability of drought. Based on drought tolerant index, L2 was the most tolerant. At this stage, lines L2 appeared to be the most promising for the creation of new drought-tolerant amaranth varieties.
Selection of Drought Tolerant Mutant of Amaranthus Cruentus L. in Green HousePremier Publishers
Water deficit is one of the significant environmental factors limiting plant production. This stress occurs during drought period. The aim of this study was to select gamma irradiation-induced drought tolerant mutant drought lines during vegetative stage. Seeds of the reference cultivar were gamma irradiated using the gamma irradiated facility at the IAEA to induce genetic variation. Four selected lines based on their high biomass (L2, L17, L18 and L23) and the reference cultivar (L0) were grown under four irrigation frequencies: 2, 4, 8 and 12 days with 200 ml as standard water regime for 24 days after transplanting. Completely randomized block design with 3 repetitions was applied. Data related to Relative Plant Height Growth, Relative Leaf Number Growth, Relative Shoot Fresh Mass Growth and Relative Root Length Growth were determined. The results indicated a significant effect of water deficit on all considered parameters by limiting the growth. Reduction observed were less accentuated in lines L2. Line L2 showed a significant difference for root growth indicating the adaptability of drought. Based on drought tolerant index, L2 was the most tolerant. At this stage, lines L2 appeared to be the most promising for the creation of new drought-tolerant amaranth varieties.
Effect of Drip Irrigation and Fertilizer Management on Capsicum (Capsicum Ann...iosrjce
An experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2008-09 to study the effect of drip irrigation
and fertilizer management on Capsicum at Research area farms of Assam Agriculture University Jorhat
(Assam) India. Result reviled that the effect of drip irrigation and fertilizer management treatments (T3) were
significant in respect of percent nitrogen content both in plant (2.18%) and fruits (1.19%). Similarly the highest
uptake af p2o5 by plants (7.37 kg/ha) and by fruits (3.64 kg/ha) k2o by plant (47.05 kg/ha) and by fruits (26.07
kg/ha) recorded in treatment T3 at 100% EPR alone with the application of 75% RD of N and K through drip.
The total Uptake of N (69.16 kg/ha) p2o 5 (11.0 kg/ha) and K20 (73.12 kg/ha) were also significant over the
treatment T9 (N-48.27 kg/ha)p2o 5 (7.41 kg/ha) and K2o (48.85 kg/ha) respectively. The nutrient status
determined in terms of available N, p2o 5, and K+O in kg/ha was significantly influenced by different drip
irrigation and fertilizer management significantly highest fruit yield (87.20 q/ha) was recorded in drip irrigation
at 100 EPR along application of 75 % Rd of N through drip irrigation over treatments.
Using next generation sequencing to describe epiphytic microbiota associated ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Its seems likely that agricultural management as diverse as certified organic and conventional IPM practices would impact the microbiota associated with crop surfaces differently. We sampled organic and conventionally managed apples at multiple time-points in a growing season and characterized the bacterial taxa associated with replicates of each treatment type. Surprisingly, no evidence of significant differences persisting across multiple time-points was observed. Significant differential abundance of certain taxa was documented but when it was, it was primarily associated with a single time-point making it difficult to understand if these observations resulted from an environmental or a treatment effect. Principal component analyses demonstrated that sampling time-point explained more of the differences between bacterial communities than treatment. Description of dominant shared bacterial families for both organic and conventional samples included Oxalobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae.
Author: Norman Uphoff
Title: Agroecological Management of Soil Systems for Food, Water, Climate Resilience, and Biodiversity
Date: December 6, 2019
Presented at: The Knowledge Dialogue on the Occasion of World Soil Day
Venue: United Nations, New York
Resistance of Dryland Rice to Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.) Using ...IJRES Journal
Rice stem borer is one of the important pests that attack plants so as to reduce production. One way
to control pests is to use organic fertilizers that make the plant stronger and healthier. This study was conducted
to determine the effects of organic fertilizers with various doses without the use of pesticides in controlling stem
borer, Scirpophaga incertulas. Methods using split-split plot design which consists of two levels of the whole
plot factor (solid and liquid organic fertilizers), two levels of the subplot factor (conventional and industry,
Tiens and Mitraflora), and four levels of the sub-subplot factor of conventional and industry (5, 10, 15, 20
tonnes/ha), and one level of the sub-subplot factor of Tiens and Mitraflora (each 2 ml/l). Based on the results
Statistical analysis there were no significant differences among treatments and this shows that the use of organic
fertilizers that only a dose of 5 tonnes/ha is sufficient available nutrients that make plants more robust and
resistant to control stem borer, besides that can reduce production costs and friendly to the environment when
compared with using inorganic fertilizers.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
JPAIRVol22_
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Potentials of Home-made
Concoction as Nutrient Solution in a
Modified Hydroponic System
JAMES FRANCIENNE ROSIT
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-804X
jamesfranciennej.rosit@gmail.com
Cebu Technological University (CTU) – Barili Campus
Cebu, Philippines
PET ROEY L. PASCUAL
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-5263
Petroey262301@gmail.com
Cebu Technological University – Pinamungajan Extension Campus
Cebu, Philippines
JESSA RIO
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-3044
jessario23@gmail.com
Cebu Technological University Pinamungajan Extension Campus
Pinamungajan, Cebu, Philippines
MERIAM MAE SACAMAY
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-8029
meriamsacamay200@gmail.com
Department of Agriculture RFO VII
Maguikay, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines
Vol. 22 · October 2015
Print ISSN 2012-3981 • Online ISSN 2244-0445
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v22i1.337
Journal Impact: H Index = 2 from Publish or Perish
JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research is produced
by PAIR, an ISO 9001:2008 QMS certified
by AJA Registrars, Inc.
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JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research
ROGER ALFEREZ
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7199-8469
dong3965@gmail.com
Department of Education, Toledo City Division,
Cebu, Philippines
LEONILLA CAMOMOT
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-209X
leonilacamomot11366@gmail.com
LGU, City of Naga
Cebu, Philippines
ABSTRACT
A Hydroponic System is a technique that is widely used in Agriculture
especially in growing plants in urban areas. A study was conducted to determine
the responses of lettuce grown under a modified hydroponic system to different
organic solutions at Cebu Technological University – Barili Campus, Philippines.
The treatments used in the study are T0 – commercial organic amino acid, T1
– Home-made concoction, T2 – Inorganic fertilizer and T3 - coconut water.
Results showed that on the number of leaves, lettuces that were applied with
home–made concoction had 10.13% and 15.23% more leaves than inorganic
fertilizer and commercial organic amino acid applied treatments respectively (4th
week). No significant difference were observed among commercial organic amino
acid, home-made concoction and inorganic fertilizer, in terms of leaf length from
the 2nd
week to 4th
week having. Furthermore, comparable results were observed
between lettuce applied with home-made concoction and inorganic fertilizer
on its leaf width on the 2nd
week having 7.03 cm and 6.30 cm respectively.
Moreover, comparable effects were also observed on commercial organic amino
acid and home-made concoction in plant height having an average length of
17.03 cm and 17.00 cm, respectively. At harvesting, lettuces that were applied
with home-made concoction had the heaviest weight having 43.23 g or 20.12%
heavier than those applied with commercial organic amino acid and 23.67%
heavier than inorganic fertilizer. Therefore, the home-made concoction is the
best organic nutrient source in growing lettuce in a modified hydroponic system.
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Keywords – Agriculture, modified hydroponic system, organic liquid
solution, experimental research, Cebu Philippines
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, farmers and companies that are producing agricultural products
are dependent on using inorganic fertilizer to meet the growing needs of people
for food consumption worldwide. One of the major concerns of today’s world
is the pollution and contamination of soil (Kumari, Kumar & Rao, 2014). The
impact of chemical fertilizer application on agricultural land is seen not only
in terms of the soil quality, but also on the survival of soil organisms dwelling
there in (Rai, Ashiya & Rathore, 2014). Excessive use of synthetic fertilizers and
pesticides has indirectly caused tremendous harm to the environment as well
affects human population (Kumar et al., 2014).
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an annual plant of the family Asteraceae. It is
most often grown as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds. In
the Philippines, lettuce is considered as one of the most important salad crops.
Hydroponically grown agricultural products continue to grow in popularity most
especially in the urban areas wherein the area for planting is limited. Hydroponic
crop production has significantly increased in recent years worldwide as it
allows a more efficient use of water and fertilizers, as well as a better control of
climate and pest. Furthermore, hydroponic production increases crop quality
and productivity, which results in higher competitiveness and economic income
(Trejo-Téllez & Gómez-Merino, 2012). The hydroponic system does not require
soil in growing plants; it only needs the right solution that contains all essential
nutrients that the crop needs for survival. A nutrient solution for a hydroponic
system is an aqueous solution containing mainly inorganic ions from soluble salts
of essential elements for higher plants. Eventually, some organic compounds such
as iron chelates may be present (Steiner, 1968). An essential element has a clear
physiological role, and its absence prevents the complete plant life cycle (Taiz &
Zeiger, 1998). Without these nutrients in the hydroponic system, it will result to
rapid plant death. Hence, it is necessary to know the best sources of nutrients for
plants that can be used to apply in a hydroponic system.
Studies on the use of organic materials as fertilizers have gained popularity not
just because of its ever increasing price, but also the effects of using commercial
fertilizers to human health and the environment. Moreover, increased consumer
awareness of food safety and environmental concerns have contributed to the
development of organic farming over the last few years (Worthington, 1998;
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Worthington, 2001; Relf, McDoniel & Tech, 2002). Farm income will also
improve when farmers use less money on fertilizers and pesticides for growing
crops (Vernon, 1999) and the market for organic produce continues to expand
(Thompson, 2000).
As compared to soil-based production systems, hydroponic systems require
much less water; are easier to treat for pests and diseases; have high, stable yields;
and reduce potential nutrient pollution (Resh, 2004). Thus, the study aimed to
determine the responses of lettuce grown under a hydroponic system applied
with the different organic hydroponic solution.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research Site
Green House experiment on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was conducted at Cebu
Technological University- Barili Campus, Barili, Cebu. The area was cleaned and
cleared before the conduct of the study. Twenty-four (24) growing containers
were prepared and arranged. It was divided into three (3) replications with a
distance of thirty centimeters (30cm) per replication. The distance between each
growing container per replication was ten centimeters (10cm). Each container
was covered by an illustration board with five (5) holes to hold the Styrofoam
cups in place with a diameter of seven centimeters (7cm).
One hundred twenty-four (124) perforated Styrofoam cups were used with a
height measurement of 8.2 centimeters, opening diameter of 7.4 centimeters and
a bottom diameter of 4.8 centimeters (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Experimental area of the study
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Medium Preparation
A 1:1 ratio of garden soil and vermicast was used in the study. A composite
soil sample was achieved before they were placed in styrofoam cups.
Sowing
Lettuce seeds were in a seedling trays.
Transplanting
Seedlings were carefully taken from the tray and transplanted to the styrofoam
cups one (1) week after emergence.
Treatments and Application
The treatments used were as follows:
T0
- Commercial Amino Acid (12ml Solution A + 12ml Solution B per
3000ml of water)
T1
- Home-Made Concoction (20ml home-made per 3000ml of water)
T2
- Inorganic Fertilizer (600mg per 3000 ml based on recommended rate)
T3
- Coconut Water (750ml of coconut water per 2250ml of water)
Application of treatments was done on a weekly basis following the formulated
concentration of the treatments in the study. Each treatment in each replication
has a total number of 10 samples.
The Home-made concoction is composed of chopped organic farm waste
products from cauliflower, tomatoes and papayas, and Japanese snails that were
attacking the papaya plants in the area. Twenty kilograms of farm waste products
plus snails were placed in a drum and mixed with 2 kilograms of brown sugar and
fermented for 1 month before using.
Data Collection
Data collection involves the growth, development, and yield of lettuce as
affected by the different treatments. This includes the following:
Number of Leaves - This was done 1 week after transplanting until harvesting
by counting all true leaves of lettuce once a week.
Leaf Length -This was done weekly by measuring from the base to the tip of
the leaf.
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Leaf Width - This was done weekly by measuring the diameter of the leaf.
Plant Height - This was done during harvesting by measuring from the
bottom up to the tip leaf of the plant.
Above Ground Fresh Weight - This was done during termination day by
cutting the base of the plant and weigh the entire plant using a one-kilogram
weighing scale.
Root Length - This was done by cutting the tip of the root and measure it in
centimeters using a ruler during harvesting.
Statistical Techniques
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) was used in analyzing any significant difference on the parameters
gathered. Comparisons among treatment means were done using the Tukey
HSD to determine the specific significant differences.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Yield and yield components of lettuce show that the no. of leaves, leaf width,
plant height and fresh weight were significantly affected by the treatments (see
Figure 2).
Plants that were applied with home-made concoction have the highest
recorded no. of leaves on the 3rd
week and 4th
week (see Table 1) with an average
of 7.96 on the 3rd
week and 11.16 on the 4th
week respectively. Although, no
significant difference were observe between the three treatments (commercial
organic amino acid, home-made concoction and inorganic fertilizer) but this
implies that home-made concoction is a good alternative to inorganic fertilizer to
increase the no. of leaves of lettuce in a modified hydroponic system. This finding
is in agreement on what was reported by Pascual, Jarwar and Nitural (2013) that
a pechay that was applied with fermented swamp cabbage juice produces higher
number of leaves. Amino acids such that of golden snails promote the growth
of beneficial microorganisms (The Gardeners Network, 2008). Moreover, this
may also be true with Fermented Swamp Cabbage Juice from Ipomoea aquatica;
leaves are also very rich in proteins, carotenes and amino acids like aspartic acid,
threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, leucine, tyrosine,
lysine, histidine and arginine (Prasad, Shivamurthy & Aradhya, 2007).
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Figure 2. Growth and Development of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) at harvest as
affected by the different Hydroponic solutions
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Table 1. Number of leaves of lettuce as affected by different hydroponic solutions
Hydroponic Solution
Number of Leaves
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
T0 – commercial organic amino acid 4.33 5.56 7.96a
9.46ab
T1 – home-made concoction 4.80 5.53 7.96a
11.16a
T2 – inorganic fertilizer 4.03 5.46 7.83a
10.03a
T3 – coconut water 4.40 5.46 6.73b
8.10b
Mean 4.39 5.50 7.62 9.69
C.V (%) 10.19 5.90 5.89 7.26
Means within the same column followed by a common letter are not significantly different
from each other at 5% level using the Tukey HSD
Significant differences were also observed 14 days after planting on the leaf
length of lettuce as affected by the different treatments. Having an average of
8.46 cm in length on the 2nd
week, plants applied with Home-made concoction
have 23.17% longer leaves than lettuce applied with coconut water (Table 2).
This supported the findings of Pascual, Jarwar and Nitural (2013) that pechay
applied with Fermented Swamp Cabbage Juice alone produced the longest leaves.
However, on the 3rd
week, plant applied with commercial organic amino acid
surpass the performance of the home-made concoction by 2.2% and 1.9% on
the 4th
week, respectively but still the response of the plants applied with home-
made concoction are still comparable as to the performance of the plants applied
with inorganic fertilizer and commercial organic amino acid. Pascual et al. (2013)
also reported that leaf length of pechay was increased 1.77 times when applied
with fermented activators and EM solution. Both of which are known to contain
a substantial amount of amino acid as reported by Catubis et al. (2013).
Table 2. Leaf length of lettuce as affected by different hydroponic solutions
Hydroponic Solution Leaf Length
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
T0 – commercial organic amino acid 4.23 8.33ab
12.13a
14.03a
T1 – home-made concoction 4.00 8.46a
11.86a
13.76a
T2 – inorganic fertilizer 3.96 8.26ab
11.70a
13.30a
T3 – coconut water 3.90 6.50b
9.26b
10.13b
Mean 4.0 7.89 11.24 12.81
C.V (%) 8.94 4.82 3.38 4.49
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Means within the same column followed by a common letter are not significantly different
from each other at 5% level using the Tukey HSD
As shown (see Table 3), significant difference was observed two weeks after
transplanting of lettuce in its leaf width. With an average leaf width of 7.03 cm,
plants applied with home-made concoction shows 13% wider leaves than plants
applied with commercial organic amino acid, and 21% wider than coconut water.
Furthermore, it was observed that on the 4th
week, plants that were applied with
home-made concoction are 24% wider than lettuce applied with coconut water.
Table 3. Leaf width of lettuce as affected by different hydroponic solutions
Hydroponic Solution Leaf Width
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
T0 – commercial organic amino acid 2.30 6.10b
10.76a
13.13a
T1 – home-made concoction 2.20 7.03a
11.43a
13.30a
T2 – inorganic fertilizer 2.26 6.30ab
11.23a
12.96a
T3 – coconut water 2.13 5.50b
8.83b
10.23b
Mean 2.22 6.23 10.56 12.41
C.V (%) 12.88 6.43 4.84 6.55
Means within the same column followed by a common letter are not significantly different
from each other at 5% level using the Tukey HSD
During harvesting, significant difference was observed on the height of lettuce
as affected by different hydroponic solutions. Plants applied with commercial
organic amino acid has the tallest plants among all samples having an average
plant height of 17.03 cm equivalent to 14.85% higher than inorganic fertilizer
and 41.51% higher than coconut water (Figure 3).Catubis et al., (2013) reported
that the application of amino acid significantly influenced shoot growth and
the application of amino acid provides a promising beneficial effect especially
on shoot growth without negatively affecting root growth and development of
leaves. Rai (2002) also reported that amino acid such as proline accumulation
aids in K+
accumulation in Vignaradiata cultures. The use of mixed amino acids
solutions as alternative part of nitrate fertilization has successfully sustained
lettuce plant growth and yield in soilless growing systems (Gunes, Post, Kirkby
& Aktas, 1994). However, there is no significant difference among lettuce
applied with commercial organic amino acid, home-made concoction and
inorganic fertilizer. This implies that home-made concoction is a good substitute
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a a
a
b
for inorganic fertilizer to increase the height of lettuce plants grown under a
modified hydroponic system. Furthermore, lettuce applied with coconut showed
the shortest plants among the treatments.
Figure 3. Height of Lettuce as affected by different hydroponic solutions
Lettuce applied with commercial amino acid showed longer root length after
harvest with an average of 10.73 cm, equivalent to 21.71% higher than inorganic
fertilizer and 11.46% higher than lettuce applied with coconut water. However,
no significant difference were observed among the treatments (Figure 4). This
implies that to increase root length of lettuce, application of amino acid or home-
made concoction is already enough, and the application of inorganic fertilizer
and coconut water is not anymore necessary if you are aiming to increase the root
length of your plants. Dick and Gregorich (2004) also reported that application
of organic matter remains the key component in the development and mainte-
nance of a high-quality soil because it affects many soil properties like buffering
capacity, soil consistence, and soil erodibility, and provides a healthy environ-
ment for the community of soil microorganisms.
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Figure 4. Root Length of Lettuce as affected by different
hydroponic solutions
Data also showed significant difference among treatments on the above
ground fresh weight. Plants applied with home-made concoction are the heaviest
of them all with an average of 43.23 g equivalent to 63.24% than lettuce applied
with coconut water (Figure 5). This shows that using home-made concoction
alone is already a very promising alternative to increase the above ground
fresh weight of lettuce grown under a modified aggregate hydroponic system.
Furthermore, organic fertilizers (solid or liquid) contain essential elements and
substances such as plant nutrients, vitamins, antibiotics, and a complex of black
humus that contains billions of microorganisms, egg, and larvae of soil fauna
(Ruiz, 1983). Pascual (2013) also reported that Fermented Cabbage Juice alone
improve the nutrient contents (N, P2
O3,
and K2
O) of the compost after four and
eight weeks of composting.
a
a a
a
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Figure 5. Above Ground Fresh Weight of Lettuce as affected
by different hydroponic solutions
Bars within the same column affix by a common letter are not significantly
different from each other at 5% level using the Tukey HSD. However, analysis
for chemical and biochemical content of home-made concoction was not done
due to the lack of facilities, equipment and money to perform the laboratory test.
CONCLUSION
Home-made concoction increases the number of leaves, leaf width and above
ground fresh weight of lettuce. Therefore, the home-made concoction has the
highest potential to increase yield and yield components of lettuce among all
other organic nutrient solutions in a modified hydroponic system.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
The outcome of the study entitled “Potentials of Home-made Concoction as a
Nutrient Solution in a Modified Hydroponic System” may be translated into use
in the community by sending the information to the Philippine Association for
Institutional Research Incorporated. Further analyses of other sources of nutrients
in a modified hydroponic system will help identify areas in the procedure that
can be improve to increase yield of lettuce.
a
a
a
b
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