For the improvement and increasing production in vegetable crops, the slides can help you grafting technique can be utilized.

1. FTING OF VEGETA
FOR IMPROVED PRODUCTION AND D
Anish Kumar Sah
M.Sc (Ag.)Horticulture
(Final Year)
Banaras Hindu University
Santosh Kumar Yadav
M.Sc. Food Tech.
(Previous Year)
Bundelkhand University

2. GRAFTING OF
VEGETABLE
FOR IMPROVED PRODUCTION AND
DISEASE RESISTANCE
23 February 2017 04:31:52National Science Day

3. Melon plant grafted onto pumpkin rootstock in nursery (left) and in open field
(right)
IN…FACT (WORLD SCENARIO)
➤ The first attempt in vegetable grafting was done by grafting watermelon (Citrullus
lanatus) onto pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) rootstock in Japan and Korea in the late
1920s (Lee 1994).
➤ In Japan (92%), Korea (98%) and China (20%), major share in watermelon
production is from grafted seedlings.
➤ IIn Europe, Spain is leading in grafted seedlings production with 129 million grafted
seedlings fol- lowed by Italy (47 million grafted seedlings) and France (28 million
grafted seedlings) (FAO 2009)
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne x Cucurbita moschata Duchesne
PS 1313
60%(Rouphael et al. 2008)
YIELD

4. ➤ In India, grafting work has been started in IIHR, Banglore by Dr. R
M Bhatt and his associates.
➤ TNAU, Coimbatore has done work on brinjal grafting using
Solanum nigrum as rootstock.
➤ NBPGR regional station, Thrissur, Kerala have done work on
cucurbit grafting by taking Momordica cochinchinensis as rootstock
with success rate of 98%.
➤ CSKHPKV, Palampur initiated work on grafting in cucurbits and
solanaceous vegetables and have identified more than 22
rootstocks of these vegetables to impart resistance to bacterial
wilt- and nematodes.
➤ Private companies like „VNR Seed Private Limited‟ and „TAKII
SEED INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED‟ are also involved in vegetable
grafting and supplying grafted quality seedlings.
IN…INDIA

5. Vegetable growing is
one of the most
important branches of
horticulture because
of the high value of
its products, with
regard to both
economic and health
aspects. For
example, world
vegetable production
recorded 1.04 billion
tons, a 33% rise
since 2000
WHY?

6. OBJECTIVE
The primary motive for grafting vegetable plants is to prevent
damage caused by soilborne pests and pathogens (Oda, 2002)
It is an environment-friendly approach which is used to control soil
borne diseases and increasing the yield of susceptible cultivars (Lee
and Oda 2003).
Serves as a key technique to overcome the continuous cropping
obstacle, and to keep the vegetable products safe and stable (King
et al., 2008; Louws et al., 2010)
It provide enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses, greater
efficiency of water and nutrient use, and improved fruit yield and
quality (Oda 2002, Schwarz et al. 2010; Mon- cada et al. 2013)

7. ADVANTAGES
Tolerance to soil-borne diseases
Fusarium in Cucurbitaceae, Bacterial wilt in Solanaceae, etc.
Tolerance to abiotic stresses
It induce resistance against low and high temperatures, grafts were
generally used (Venema 2008) and abiotic stresses viz. flooding,
drought and salinity (Kumar et al., 2015)
Effect on fruit quality
The fruit size of watermelons grafted to rootstock having vigorous
root systems was significantly increased as compared to the fruit from
intact plants and It reduces dependence on agrochemicals (Rivard et al.
2008) ultimately quality and thrust among the consumer can be rebuild.

8. ADVANTAGES (CONT…)
Plant vigour promotion
Higher yield of tomato cv. ‘Monroe’ grafted onto rootstock of ‘Beaufort’.
In greenhouse as well as in open-field, grafted plants gave more yield than
non-grafted ones (Khah et al. 2006)
High yield
Higher yield of tomato cv. ‘Monroe’ grafted onto rootstock of ‘Beaufort’.
In greenhouse as well as in open-field, grafted plants gave more yield than
non-grafted ones (Khah et al. 2006)

9. METHODS OF VEGETABLE GRAFTING
Cleft grafting Slant-Cut Grafting
Tongue Approach Grafting Tube or Japanese grafting

10. METHODS OF VEGETABLE GRAFTING
(CONT…)
Cleft grafting
Tube or Japanese Grafting:
Tongue Approach Grafting Slant-Cut Grafting
₹0.57-0.99

11. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Rootstocks-for-cucurbitaceous-crops-and-
some-related-characteristics_tbl1_43270902
Refrence
Davis, Angela & Perkins,
Penelope & Sakata,
Yoshiteru & López-
Galarza, Salvador &
Maroto, Jose & Lee, S &
Huh, Y.C. & Sun,
Zhanyong & Miguel,
Alfredo & King, Stephen.
(2008). Cucurbit Grafting.
Critical Reviews in Plant
Sciences. 27.
10.1080/0735268080205
3940.

12. CHALLENGES
➤ A perfect co-ordination of the vegetative cycles must be achieved before the conjunction of
the two plants.
➤ Expose seedlings to full sun and some water stress before grafting to keep the plants short
and increase tolerance to water stress
➤ During grafting, timing of the operations needs to be strictly controlled
➤ Make grafts early or late in the day to avoid water loss
➤ Appropriate sanitation measures have to be adopted (use of pest free high quality seeds)
➤ Always match scions and rootstocks of equal stem diameter.
➤ Graft in a location that is protected from direct sunlight and away from green- house heater
discharge
➤ Make sure the cut surfaces make good contact when the plants are clipped together so that
they have the best chance of successfully connecting to each other
➤ Use physical barriers against virus vectors and specific pesticides against insects and fungi.
➤ During the entire process the environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, composition
of the substrate, sun radiation, ventilation) have to be optimized and controlled

13. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
Identification of compatible disease resistant root- stocks with
tolerance to abiotic stresses is the basic require- ment for
continued success. Healthy grafted seedlings at reasonable
price is the key point for wider use. Methods/ techniques should
be of low cost so that these could be adopted by farmers for
commercial production. More re- search is needed to minimize
post grafting losses. There is a scope for vegetable breeders
and private companies of India to develop resistant rootstocks.
The companies should be involved in marketing these
rootstocks to the field e.g. Dai power: Rootstock for Capsicum
and Chilli.

14. “
-Santosh & Anish
Conclusion

15. “Grafting provides a site specific management tool for soil borne diseases. Grafting can
affect various quality aspects of vegetables. Rootstock/scion combinations should be
carefully selected for specific and geographic conditions. It fits well into the organic and
integrated crop production system. It reduces the need for soil disinfectants and thereby
environmental pollution. Grafting technology has a potential in promotion of cultivation in
non- traditional and fragile agro-eco system. Grafting is a rapid alternative tool to the
relatively slow breeding methodol- ogy aimed at increasing biotic and abiotic stress
tolerance of fruit vegetables. Since grafting gives increased disease tolerance and vigour
to crops, it will be useful in the low- input sustainable horticulture of the future.
-Santosh & Anish
Conclusion (cont…)

16. REFRENCES
Kumar P, Shivani R, Parveen S, Negi V. 2015. Vegetable grafting: a boon to vegetable growers to
combat biotic and abiotic stresses. Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research.; 41(1):1-5.
Lee J.M. 1994. Cultivation of grafted vegetables: Current status, grafting methods and benefits.
HortScience 29: 235-239.
Lee J.M. and Oda M. 2003. Grafting of Herbaceous vegetables and Ornamental Crops. Horticultural
Reviews Vol.28, pp 61-124
Oda M. 2002. Grafting vegetable crops. Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka
Prefecture University 54:49-72.
Rivard C.L. and Louws F.J. 2008. Grafting to Manage Soil-borne Diseases in Heirloom Tomato
Production. HortScience 43(7): 2008-2111.
Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M, Colla G and Rea E. 2008. Yield, mineral composition, water relations and
water use efficiency of grafted mini-watermelon plants under deficit irrigation. HortScience 43: 730-736
Schwarz D, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Venema J.H. 2010. Grafting as a tool to improve tolerance of
vegetables to abiotic stresses: thermal stress, water stress and organic pollutants. Scientia Horticulturae.
127(2):162-171.
Venema J.H., Dijk B.E., Bax J.M., Hasselt P.R. and Elzenga J.T.M. 2008. Grafting tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum) onto the rootstock of a high-altitude accession of Solanum habrochaites improves
suboptimal-temperature tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 63(1-3): 359-367.