This document discusses growth and phenological stages of temperate fruits. It describes growth as an irreversible increase in cells, tissues, or organs through metabolic processes like photosynthesis. Vegetative growth occurs until flowering begins, influenced by environmental factors. Reproductive growth starts at flowering. Fruit development occurs in phases like single or double sigmoid curves. Key growth stages are identified for several fruits like apple, pear, peach, using terms like dormant, swollen bud, bloom, and petal fall. Finally, the phenological stages of different temperate fruits are outlined.

1. Growth and Phenological
Stages of Temperate Fruits
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Submitted to:
Dr. Vishal Rana
Dr. Pramod Verma
Submitted by :
Deepali Kaushik

2. Growth is, a quantitative term, an irreversible increase in
number, volume (size) or weight of cell, tissue or organ in
plant life cycle.
Growth occurs only in living cells by metabolic processes
involved in the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
and carbohydrates at the expense of metabolic energy
provided by photosynthesis and respiration.
GROWTH

3. Vegetative growth phase:
From the beginning of germinated seed stage, until initiation of the first flower primordium, the
plant is in the vegetative stage of growth . "When a plant cannot be made to flower it is said to
juvenile growth phase. This A phase is characterized by the most rapid rate of growth the plant
undergo . Environmental factors such as periods of long and short daylight, varying nutritional
or supplying carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere may increase vegetative growth and if properly
controlled may shorten the time to maturity.
Reproductive growth phase:
The vegetative stage of growth ends when the vegetative stem primordia are transformed into
flower primordia.Photoperiodism is the growth response of a plant to the length of the light and
dark periods can initiate flowering
Phases of growth in fruit
plants

4. Fruit development stages

6. Growth curves
• Single sigmoid curve

7. • Double sigmoid curve

8. • Triple sigmoid curve

9. Key growth stages of fruit development
Thirteen different growth stage names are used for the six fruits.The same name is employed for all of the
fruits at five comparable stages.
Dormant: fruit buds relatively inactive.This is the overwintering stage, (applies to all fruits).
Silver tip: applies only to apple. Fruit bud scales separated at tip, showing light gray tissue.
Swollen bud: equivalentto silvertip stage in apple. Fruit buds swollen, scales separated to expose areas of
of lighter colored tissue.
Green tip: applies only to apple. Fruit buds broken at tip, showing about 1 /16 inch (1 -2 mm) green.
Bud burst: equivalent to green tip stage in apple. Fruit buds broken at tip, showing tips of blossom buds.
(Applies to pear, sweet and tart cherry, plum and prune).

10. Half-inch green: (centimeter green): applies only to apple and peach. In apple, when about V2 inch
(1cm) of leaf tissue is projecting from the fruit buds. In peach, when the leaf bud occurring between a
of fruit buds has produced about vz inch (1 cm) of new growth.
Tight cluster: applies only to apple. Blossom buds mostly exposed, tightly grouped, stems short.
Green cluster: applies only to pear, plum and prune.
Blossom buds green, mostly separated in the cluster, stems lengthened.
Pink: applies only to apple and peach. For apple, all blossom buds in cluster pink, stems fully
extended. For peach, when the blossom bud shows a pink tip.
White bud: applies to pear, sweet and tart cherry, plum and prune. Blossom buds white, separated in
the cluster and stems lengthened.
Bloom: blossom buds open (applies to all fruits).
Petal fall: after about 75 per cent of the petals have fallen.

11. Phenological stages of different
temperate fruits
• Apple
• Plum
• Pear
• Peach
• Strawberry
• Kiwi
• Persimmon
• Cherry
• Apricot
• Wallnut

12. Apple

13. Plum

14. Pear

15. Peach

16. Strawberry

17. Kiwi

18. Persimmon

19. Cherry

20. Apricot

21. Wallnut

22. Thank
you