The document summarizes an experiment on the effects of different soil pH levels on the growth rate of tomato plants. The researchers grew tomato plants in soil with different acid solutions added to manipulate the pH - ascobic acid, carbonic and phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, ethanoic acid, and plain water as a control. Over 21 days, the researchers measured the plants' heights daily and observed physical changes to calculate growth rates. They found the hydrochloric acid caused wilting, while ascobic acid produced thicker leaves but fewer leaves compared to other plants. The carbonic and phosphoric acid leaves had a pleasant smell. The ethanoic acid plant showed slow growth. The water plant showed no changes.
Soils can process and hold considerable amount of water. They can take in water, and will keep doing so until they are full, or until the rate at which they can transmit water into and through the pores is exceeded. Some of this water will steadily drain through the soil (via gravity) and end up in the waterways and streams, but much of it will be retained, despite the influence of gravity. Much of this retained water can be used by plants and other organisms, thus contributing to land productivity and soil health.
Presentation by Steve Diver from the 2012 Resilient Farmer Workshop at the Kerr Center's Cannon Horticulture Plots in Poteau, Oklahoma. Cover crops, soil organic matter, soil food web
Vegetable gardening is a wonderful hobby for any of us! It has many benefits on our health such as having well-balanced diet and reduce the level of daily stress. If you even wonder how to star your own vegetable garden, this short and comprehensive presentation will help you out !
factor responsible for nutrient in soil and their contribution to soil fertility. importance of soil fertility, processes involved in sustaining soil productivity
Soils can process and hold considerable amount of water. They can take in water, and will keep doing so until they are full, or until the rate at which they can transmit water into and through the pores is exceeded. Some of this water will steadily drain through the soil (via gravity) and end up in the waterways and streams, but much of it will be retained, despite the influence of gravity. Much of this retained water can be used by plants and other organisms, thus contributing to land productivity and soil health.
Presentation by Steve Diver from the 2012 Resilient Farmer Workshop at the Kerr Center's Cannon Horticulture Plots in Poteau, Oklahoma. Cover crops, soil organic matter, soil food web
Vegetable gardening is a wonderful hobby for any of us! It has many benefits on our health such as having well-balanced diet and reduce the level of daily stress. If you even wonder how to star your own vegetable garden, this short and comprehensive presentation will help you out !
factor responsible for nutrient in soil and their contribution to soil fertility. importance of soil fertility, processes involved in sustaining soil productivity
Research on Trivedi Effect -Impact of Biofield Treatment on Growth and Yield ...Abby Keif
Research done by Mahendra Trivedi - This study tested the impact of Trivedi Effect applied to lettuce and tomato seeds and transplants in commercial plantings with and without fertilizers and pesticides, in relation to yield, quality, and pest inhibition. Read Complete research at: http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/1/
Running head BIOLOGY LAB REPORT1Last name 7Biology Lab R.docxtoddr4
Running head: BIOLOGY LAB REPORT 1
Last name 7
Biology Lab Report
Name of Instructor
Name of Student
Course Code
DateIntroduction
The abiotic features of an ecosystem are significant to understand the biological community that comprises the biotic component of the ecosystem. The availability of water is particularly significant in everyone’s life. Freshwater helps the world’s water to make it up to about one percent. Scarcity of freshwater limits the range of many terrestrial species of plants and animals (Rhines et al. 7). Plants like animals have different tolerances to salt their environment. As it is known, that all soils have some salts for water-soluble, and in this form of soil, essential nutrients of plants are absorbed. High salinity in the soil makes it more difficult for plants to extract water from the soil.
Freshwater enters an ecosystem in the form of precipitation, a river or lake, or an underground aquifer. With the growth of the human population, intensive practices of agriculture and water demand for urban, water levels in many of the world’s aquifer are dropping. If freshwater is pumped out of an aquifer at a rate exceeding its natural recharge rate saltwater and other pollutants may intrude into the traditional aquifer basin (Martínez-Ballesta, et al. 42). Saltwater encroachment is a growing problem in the aquifers of coastal communities.
Salty soil is also an obstacle that can arise in agriculture. As irrigation water is consumed by plants and evaporated by the sun, salts are left behind. Over time, salt may collect such that the soil becomes too salty for many plants to grow. It is believed that the ancient population of Sumeria first flourished with its practice of irrigation, but over many generations began to undergo reduced crop yields due to the expanding salinity of the soil.
Extreme soil and water salinity are environmental stress constituents that restrain the growth and yield of glycophytic crop plants in various regions of the world. Plant growth may describe as an irreversible increment in size emerging from cell division and expansion and, in principle, established by rates of water uptake and metabolically interfered cell wall loosening and the uptake of nutrients into the cells (Chhabra 252).Methods
In experiment 1, which is named water transport and salinity, several methods or steps are used to obtain the result of the experiment. In this experiment, four cups taken filled with 400 ml of water. Then use the red dye to satin the two cups darkly, and for another two cup strain, blue dye is used. Measure each cup with the same amount of dye and record it. Label the red and blue dye cup with an S. Then add four spoons full of salt in each cup and stir the solutions thoroughly. Obtain two similar stalks of celery, each with some leaves at the top. Cut the stalk in a 1-cm piece off bottom. Then carefully, split the stalks up the middle about half-way. After, performing all the functions of stalks, place both .
Running head BIOLOGY LAB REPORT1Last name 7Biology Lab R.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: BIOLOGY LAB REPORT 1
Last name 7
Biology Lab Report
Name of Instructor
Name of Student
Course Code
DateIntroduction
The abiotic features of an ecosystem are significant to understand the biological community that comprises the biotic component of the ecosystem. The availability of water is particularly significant in everyone’s life. Freshwater helps the world’s water to make it up to about one percent. Scarcity of freshwater limits the range of many terrestrial species of plants and animals (Rhines et al. 7). Plants like animals have different tolerances to salt their environment. As it is known, that all soils have some salts for water-soluble, and in this form of soil, essential nutrients of plants are absorbed. High salinity in the soil makes it more difficult for plants to extract water from the soil.
Freshwater enters an ecosystem in the form of precipitation, a river or lake, or an underground aquifer. With the growth of the human population, intensive practices of agriculture and water demand for urban, water levels in many of the world’s aquifer are dropping. If freshwater is pumped out of an aquifer at a rate exceeding its natural recharge rate saltwater and other pollutants may intrude into the traditional aquifer basin (Martínez-Ballesta, et al. 42). Saltwater encroachment is a growing problem in the aquifers of coastal communities.
Salty soil is also an obstacle that can arise in agriculture. As irrigation water is consumed by plants and evaporated by the sun, salts are left behind. Over time, salt may collect such that the soil becomes too salty for many plants to grow. It is believed that the ancient population of Sumeria first flourished with its practice of irrigation, but over many generations began to undergo reduced crop yields due to the expanding salinity of the soil.
Extreme soil and water salinity are environmental stress constituents that restrain the growth and yield of glycophytic crop plants in various regions of the world. Plant growth may describe as an irreversible increment in size emerging from cell division and expansion and, in principle, established by rates of water uptake and metabolically interfered cell wall loosening and the uptake of nutrients into the cells (Chhabra 252).Methods
In experiment 1, which is named water transport and salinity, several methods or steps are used to obtain the result of the experiment. In this experiment, four cups taken filled with 400 ml of water. Then use the red dye to satin the two cups darkly, and for another two cup strain, blue dye is used. Measure each cup with the same amount of dye and record it. Label the red and blue dye cup with an S. Then add four spoons full of salt in each cup and stir the solutions thoroughly. Obtain two similar stalks of celery, each with some leaves at the top. Cut the stalk in a 1-cm piece off bottom. Then carefully, split the stalks up the middle about half-way. After, performing all the functions of stalks, place both ...
Organic Vegetable Gardening 101; by University of Pennsylvania
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Basics of Organic Vegetable Gardening; by Maine Organic Gardeners Association
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
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Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
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1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
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Charlie Greenberg, Host
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Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
2. 2
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the following:
First to God for giving us the strength, undying blessing, support and guidance in this undertaking
To Mr.Teodoro Siao without him none of this would happen.
To our adviser: Mr. Rene E.Aligonero, for leading us along the way.
And finally,
To our parents Mr. and Mrs. Aligonero and De Los Santos who supported & believed that we
could accomplish this task.
And to all those who helped us which we could not remember, Thank you and accept our most
humble apology.
Heartfelt thanks,
--* Airah Delos Santos & Albert Joseph Aligonero
3. 3
CHAPTER I
The Problem of its Background
Introduction
The topic is all about the effects of pH level or acidity level of the soil on the tomato plant.
The researchers would like to find out what would be its effects and how it would affect the
production of tomato plant instead of using fertilizers and other alternatives.
The researchers will focus on how tomato plants react on varied pH levels of soil
particularly on growth rate.
Statement of the Problem
The study aims to find out the growth rate of tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum) using
pH acids.
1) What is the growth rate of lycopersicon esculentum using?
a. ascorbic acid
b. carbonic acid with phosphoric acid
c. hydrochloric acid
d. ethanoic acid
e. water
2) Is there a significant difference in the growth rate between lycopersicon esculentum grown
using:
a. ascorbic acid
b. carbonic acid phosphoric acid
c. hydrochloric acid
d. ethanoic acid
4. 4
e. water (mineral)
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference in the growth rate of the lycopersicon esculentum using
the pH acids.
Assumptions
1) The seedlings studied were in good condition and in normal temperature.
2) The seedlings were from the same variant of lycopersicon esculentum.
3) It is assumed that water is a factor in the growth of plants.
Scope and Delimitation
The study focuses only on the effect of the effects of soil pH on the growth of tomato
plant. Furthermore, water, although not an acid but a universal solvent, is still considered in the
growth of any plant. Therefore, the inclusion of water is considered a control variable.
Significance of the Study
Researchers – The findings help the researcher to conduct similar studies related to acid
level of soil that could also be studied in relation to other variables aside from growth rare.
Scientists – serve as their basis or another experiment if ever they don’t know this yet for
them to improve or develop.
Farmers – they will be able to increase their knowledge and for them to be inquisitive.
School Officials – add in to their curriculum.
Science Teachers – share to their students.
DOST Officials – serve as their basis or another experiment if ever they don’t know this
yet.
5. 5
CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature
Conceptual Literature
Tomato (lycopersicon esculentum)
Young buds appear near the apical meristem to begin the formation of the flower truss or
flower cluster. As the flower buds develop, the core elongates and the new formed petals can be
seen between the sepals. The nature flower appears as a bright yellow open core and is ready for
pollination.
For “beef” tomatoes 3 to 5 flowers should be allowed to develop on a healthy truss.
Fertilized flowers are denoted by the appearance of bruises or the other core left by bumble bees
while clamping unto and pollinating the flower. At fruit set, flower petals and another senses
collie and fail away as a pea sized green fruit appear at each termination of the flower tress.
Typically it takes 45-50 more days from this point harvest. As a fruit enlarges, it remains light
green in color and very firm high turgor pressure. Fruit closest to the plant stem is them most
mature, and thus largest in size.
Ripening occurs as the fruit changes color from light green to off white, pink, red and
finally dark or orange/red. If pollen is not evenly distributed on the stigma, all the ovules are not
fertilized, preventing sections of the new fruit from developing, blossoms end rest, a leathery
brown pastel or the blossom end of the fruit, is a common nutrient deficiency disorder affecting
tomato plants if results from a lack a calcium reaching the developing fruit. (Giacomelli2002)
6. 6
Plant Nutrition
Calcium Deficiency- youngest leaves looked bleached, especially at tips of the leaves.
Leaf tips rolls & appear Scorched. Along the edges of the leaves the veins remain green while leaf
looked bleached out. New leaves may be distorted in shape. Old leaves turn brown and die.
Growth is started, new buds don’t grow. In vegetables you get blossom end not * black spots in
things like celery, carrots & cabbage. Usually only occurs in every help soil. Calcium is usually
needed to build plant cells walls, & to help more nutrients through out the plant. Calcium is in
need not a problem. If your soil PH is between 6-8 too much or too little water can also affect
calcium levels in the plant. Magnesium deficiency or older leaves became yellow, while veins
remain green. Leaves drop of plant. Leaves may curl up at the edges & edges become red-brown-
purple in color leaving a green surrounded shape in the center of the leaf. Magnesium is needed
for photosynthesis it is the main element in the chlorophyll molecule. It helps the plant up take
iron & also to more nutrients around the plant.
(Hold Epson salt 1 teaspoon per gallon twice a year to fix a magnesium deficiency). Sulfur
deficiency is youngest plants.
Organic Farming
Organic farming can be defined as an approach to agriculture where the aim is to create
integrated, humane, environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural production
system. Maximum reliance is placed on locally or farm derived renewable resources and the
management or self-regulating ecological * biological processes and interjectors in order to
provide acceptable levels of crop, livestock and human nutrition, protection from pests ,diseases
and an appropriate return to the human and other resources employed.
7. 7
Reliance all external inputs, whether chemical or organic is reduced as far as possible. In
many European countries, organic agriculture is known as ecological agriculture, reflecting this
reliance on ecosystem management rather than external inputs. (Jenson2008)
Nutrient Compound of Soil
The major nutrients that make up a plant are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Godspeed
explains. These three are currently free, coming from water and the air. The roots are vital in the
up take of oxygen, and if the soil is water logged on simply over watered. It can delete the plant
of needed oxygen and cause serve damages or even death. The next nuts in highest demand are
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. These are the three elements found in a typical bag or
fertilizer. The next three elements in demand, calcium, magnesium & sulfur, are not normally
fertilizer. The researchers added that in Northern Utah, namely if ever they here a problem with
calcium and magnesium. It has other benefits, but is seldom deficient enough in our soils to
require an extra application for plant growth.
8. 8
CHAPTER III
Methodology
EXPERIMENT # 1
Cloudy Weather
Soil: LOAM
The researcher used egg tray to separate the seedlings.
When they grow, the researcher measures each seedling before the researcher separates
them to small pots.
The researchers only use 2ml of water for each seedling.
A. Materials used:
Tomato seedlings (lycopersicon esculentum)
Egg tray
LOAM soil
08/30/09
The researchers separate the plants to small pots.
The researchers measure their initial height:
Plant Height
1 6.5cm
2 5.0cm
3 6.1cm
4 6.2cm
5 6.2cm
B. Acids mixed in 1.5L of water.
Ethanoic acid in 200ml
Carbonic acid & phosphoric acid in 300ml
Ascorbic acid 50g
Hydrochloric acid 50mg
9. 9
1.5L of plain water
C. Preparation of plants
The plants were prepared by moving them from the egg tray then placed in
separated pots. The plants were gently removed from the soil.
D. Observations
The plants were observed for 21 days. The researchers measured the physical
changes of the plant for instance the height, and recorded the gross appearance to be
able to compute the growth rate.
Computation for the growth rate
Growth Rate = Final height – initial height
21 Days
10. 10
E. Flow chart
Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output
Tomato plant growing the seedling a comparative study
Different kinds of acids on the growth rate of
application of variables
tomatoes (lycopersicon
esculentum) using different
kind of acids
Development of tomatoes data gathering kind of acids
11. 11
At exactly 4:31 in the afternoon the researcher watered the plants.
Morning 9:35 08/31/09
Afternoon 4:30
(After 2 days) 09/01/09
Morning 7:32
Afternoon 6:28
Morning 7:050 9/02/09
Afternoon
09/03/09
Date Morning Afternoon
9/04 7:15 6:45
9/05 6:25 5:42
9/06 7:35 4:30
9/07 7:22 5:45
9/08 6:32 6:55
9/09 7:48 6:45
9/10 7:28 6:23
9/11 7:20 6:48
9/12 7:21 5:21
9/13 7:15 4:38
9/14 7:05 5:42
9/15 7:32 4:30
9/02-03 (c. hydrochloric acid)
Plant (3)
The plant starts to wilt and leaves starting to get dry.
The stem is thin.
9/02-03 The researcher noticed the plant (1) (ascorbic acid) leaves became thicker.
Compare with the other plants, its leaves are lesser than the others.
12. 12
9/02-03 The researcher noticed that the plant (2) (carbonic and phosphoric acid)
It leaves has a pleasant smell compare to the other.
9/02-03 Plant (4) (ethanoic acid) the researcher noticed its slow growth and development.
9/02-03 Plant (5) (water) no changes.
September 21, Monday morning
9:39am
The first experiment was successfully done and the results were acceptable. The
researcher continuously watered the plant and observed until the tomato produced fruits.
Over the past few days when the plants bloomed, the researchers observed changes from
leaves, stem, color, and even the smell of the plants as they react in the acids.
(See results in chapter 4)
13. 13
EXPERIMENT # 2
November 15, 2009
The researchers consulted Mr. Rene E. Aligonero and he advised the team how to start and
conduct the second trial on the effects of soil pH on the growth of tomato plant.
October 10, 2009
The researcher planted seeds from tomato fruit using same variants.
(Same size of pot in each plant, same type of plant in each pot, same type and amount of soil in
each pot)
November 3, 2009 ----- First day
The researcher decided that it was the right time to choose which of the plants can be use
for our experiment.
For plant A it measure : 5.4 cm
Plant B it measure : 3.5 cm
Plant C it measure : 4.9 cm
Plant D it measure : 5.0 cm
Plant E. it measure : 4.5 cm
(According to its initial height)
At exactly in the morning the researcher transferred the plants into their pots and watered
each plant according to its assigned acid.
14. 14
The researcher used the same acids as the first trial here been used, as well as the soil were
we planted the plants. After the transferring the researcher assured that the plants received /
receiving enough sunlight…
Plant A water
Plant B carbonic acid with phosphoric acid
Plant C ethanoic acid
Plant D ascorbic acid
Plant E hydrochloric acid
1st
Day
Before the day ends the researcher noticed & observed that the leaves of plant A, D & E
get bigger &
healthier, while the stems of plant B & D gets thicker & the leaves & stems of plant C gets thinner
& looks like it will get will.
2nd
Day
Plant C
Getting wilt
3rd
Day
Getting wilt
4th
Day
Plant A
Tallest
Plant C
Getting Withered
15. 15
Plant D
Getting taller stems
Plant E
It looks like that its stems and leaves are getting wilt
5th
Day
Plant A & E
No changes
Plant B & D
Getting Healthier
Plant C
Withered
6th
Day
Plant A
Tallest
Plant B
Next in Plant A’s height
Plant C
Decomposing
Plant D
Increased in number of leaves but some of its leaves are getting wilt
Plant E
Smallest plant according on its height
16. 16
7th
Day
Plant A
No changes
*consistent in height
Plant B
No changes
Plant C
Decomposing
Plant D
Getting Wilt
Plant E
Smallest and slowest growth rate
8th
Day
Plant A
Highest and has the fastest growth development
Plant B
No changes
Plant C
Decomposing
Plant D
Withered
17. 17
Plant E
Some of its leaves were getting dry
9th
Day
Plant C & D
Decomposing
Plant E
Leaves of it were getting Dry even more
10th
Day
Plant C & D
Decomposing
Plant B & E
Its stems were getting thin
11th
Day
Plant C
Nothing’s left
Plant D
Decomposing
Plant B & E
Its stems were getting thin
Another leaf is withered
12th
Day
Plant C
Decomposed
18. 18
Plant D
Decomposing
Plant B & E
Withering; its stems and leaves were becoming dry
13th
Day
Plant A
Healthiest
Plant B
Surviving
Plant C and D
Decomposed
Plant E
Withered
14th
Day
Plant A
No changes
Plant B
Surviving, It stems were getting thinner and almost all of its leaves were dry, it won’t stay and
live longer
Plant C and D
Decomposed
19. 19
Plant E
Decomposing
15th
Day
Plant A
Healthiest
Plant B
Unfortunately, the plant died.
Withered
Plant C and D
Decomposed
Plant E
Decomposing
16th
Day
Plant A
No changes
Plant B
Decomposing
Plant C and D
Decomposed
Plant E
Decomposing
The researcher can conclude now but then as it stated that we must wait until on its 21st
Day.
17th
Day
Plant A
No changes
Plant B and E
Decomposing
20. 20
Plant C and D
Decomposed
18th
Day
Plant A
Consistent
Plant B
Decomposing
Plant C, D and E
Decomposed
19th
Day
Plant A
Consistent
Plant B
Decomposing
Plants C, D and E
Decomposed
20th
Day
Plant A
Consistent
Plant B
Decomposed
Plant C, D and E
Decomposed
21st
Day
Plant A
SURVIVOR
Plant B, C, D and E
Decomposed
The Researchers can therefore conclude now.
21. 21
November 23, 2009
7:30AM
The researcher 2nd
trial of experimenting was successfully done. The results are
acceptable. Even though it does not tally on our first experiment and does not shows the same
results as the first trial show.
As the first trial goes still the plant A, water survived, most even though on the 2nd
trial
only Plant A, water survived and still alive, continuously growing.
The researchers think that this maybe the possible causes:
1) Unripe seeds
2) Burrowing placement of the seeds, might be too deep that’s roots aren’t able to
expand
3) Changing in weather
4) Infection /unhealthy because of weather condition
5) Soil composition, maybe not the same with the other soil
a) sandy soil and rocky soil
6) Soil maybe lack of nitrogen fixing bacteria or over nitrogen fixing bacteria.
7) External forces around
8) Parasites
9) Harmful insects
10) Not enough leaves to produce food for the plan.
22. 22
Experiment # 3:
December 21, 2009
The researchers planted new seeds from tomato fruit using same variant.
- Tomato Fruits (seeds)
- Soil
Fair Weather
December 28, 2009
Researchers noticed that 6 seeds sprouted.
December 29, 2009
Researchers saw the possible new set of plants that can use for our 3rd
trial.
(Same size of pot in each plant, same type of plant in each pot, same type and amount of soil in
each pot)
23. 23
First day
January 13
The researchers decided that it was the right time to choose which of the plants can we
Use for our experiment.
Plant A it measure : 5.1 cm
Plant B it measure : 5.7 cm
Plant C it measure : 4.3 cm
Plant D it measure : 5.2 cm
Plant E. it measure : 4.7 cm
(According to its initial height)
At exactly in the morning the researcher transferred the plants into their pots and watered
each plant according to its assigned acid.
The researcher used the same acids as the first trial here been used, as well as the soil were
we planted the plants. After the transferring the researcher assured that the plants received /
receiving enough sunlight…
Plant A water
Plant B carbonic acid with phosphoric acid
Plant C ethanoic acid
Plant D ascorbic acid
Plant E hydrochloric acid
24. 24
Experiment # 4:
We planted 12 tomato seedlings but we only use 5 of them, to know more about our
experiment, we decided to use the other plants so that we can start two experiments at the same
time and day. By doing this we can compare our experiments.
Plant A it measure : 5.4 cm
Plant B it measure : 5.5 cm
Plant C it measure : 4.9 cm
Plant D it measure : 5.3 cm
Plant E. it measure : 4.2 cm
Our 3rd
and 4th
experiment was prepared at the same day and time but we observed it in
separate place, by doing this, we can compare our experiments.
(See results in chapter 4)
25. 25
CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This chapter represents data gathered and tabulated by the researchers from the
experiments to determine the growth rate of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) using different
kinds of acids.
Table 1: EXPERIMENT # 1
plant Initial height Final height growth rate (cm/day)
a water 6.5cm 18.1cm 0.552380952
b carbonic and phosphoric
acid
5.0cm 18.6cm 0.647619047
c ethanoic acid 6.1cm the plant died
d ascorbic acid 6.2cm 18.9cm 0.604761904
e hydrochloric acid 6.2cm 12.0cm 0.276190476
Table 1 presents that plant A grew using water has the average daily growth rate of
0.55 cm, while plant B grew using carbonic and phosphoric acid has the average daily growth rate
of 0.648 cm. Plant C grew using ethanoic acid died after three (3) days, while plant D grew using
ascorbic acid has the average daily growth rate of 0.605 cm and plant E grew using hydrochloric
acid has the average daily growth of 0.276 cm.
Table 2: EXPERIMENT # 2
Plant Initial height Final height growth rate (cm/day)
a water 5.4cm 10.5cm 0.242857143
b carbonic and phosphoric
acid
3.5cm the plant died
c ethanoic acid 4.9cm the plant died
d ascorbic acid 5.0cm the plant died
e hydrochloric acid 45cm the plant died
26. 26
Table 2 presents that plant A grew using water has the average daily growth rate of
0.24cm, while the plant B, C, D & E died.
Table 3: EXPERIMENT # 3
Plant
Initial
height
Final height
Growth rate
(cm/day)
a water 5.1cm 11.5cm 0.257142857
b carbonic and phosphoric acid 5.7cm 11.9cm 0.247619048
c ethanoic acid 4.3cm the plant died
d ascorbic acid 5.2cm 12.7cm 0.30952381
e hydrochloric acid 4.7cm 7.6cm 0.138095238
Table 3: presents that plant A grew using water has the average daily growth rate of
0.25 cm, while plant B grew using carbonic and phosphoric acid has the average daily growth
rate of 0.24 cm. Plant C grew using ethanoic acid died after three (3) days, while plant D grew
using ascorbic acid has the average daily growth rate of 0.30 cm and plant E grew using
hydrochloric acid has the average daily growth of 0.13 cm.
Table 4: EXPERIMENT # 4
plant
initial
height
final height Growth rate (cm/day)
a water 5.4cm 11.2cm 0.276190476
b
carbonic and phosphoric
acid
5.5cm 11.6cm 0.29047619
c ethanoic acid 4.9cm the plant died
d ascorbic acid 5.3cm 12.9cm 0.314285714
e hydrochloric acid 4.2cm 7.9cm 0.176190476
27. 27
Table 4: presents that plant A grew using water has the average daily growth rate of
0.27 cm, while plant B grew using carbonic and phosphoric acid has the average daily growth rate
of 0.29 cm. Plant C grew using ethanoic acid died after three (3) days, while plant D grew using
ascorbic acid has the average daily growth rate of 0.31 cm and plant E grew using hydrochloric
acid has the average daily growth of 0.17 cm.
Findings:
1. Tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum) died immediately after transfer using ethanoic
acid.
2. Tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum) using ascorbic acid grew faster than carbonic and
phosphoric acid.
3. Tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum) using hydrochloric acid has the slowest growth
development & has the least growth rate.
28. 28
CHAPTER V
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations
Summary
Plants were grown by watering different kinds of acids, ascorbic acid, carbonic and
phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid. The plants were place in separated pots.
The plants were observed for 21 days and compared the growth rate. To calculate the growth rate
we use this formula.
Growth Rate = Final height – initial height
Number of days (21 days)
Major findings (5)
Based on the study, the following are the results:
1. The plant watered by water has the most number of leaves and its stem is thicker than the
other plants.
2. The plant watered by carbonic and phosphoric acids has a pleasant odor.
3. The plant watered by ethanoic acid produce molds in its soil and because of this acidity it can
also kill plants.
4. The plant watered by ascorbic acid has the most healthy stem and leaves and fastest growth
rate.
5. The plant watered by hydrochloric acid has the slowest growth rate and unpleasant odor.
29. 29
Conclusion
Based in the findings of the study, the researchers hereby conclude that:
1. There is a significant difference in the growth rate of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum)
using different kind of acids namely:
a. ascorbic acid
b. carbonic acid with phosphoric acid
c. hydrochloric acid
d. ethanoic acid
e. water (mineral)
2) There is a significant difference in the growth rate between lycopersicon esculentum grown
Using:
a. ascorbic acid
b. carbonic acid phosphoric acid
c. hydrochloric acid
d. ethanoic acid
e. water (mineral)
Recommendations
Based on the study, the researcher recommends the following:
1. A comparative study shall be conducted using tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and
kangkong.
2. A similar study that includes the other variables of the physical development of plants like
color of leaves, the number of leaves, maturity.
30. 30
3. A similar study using different kinds of backyard plants using different acids to determine
the same variable used in the previous study.
4. A study to conduct a soil analysis to determine the initial amount of pH level prior to
adding different acids.
5. A similar study using different legumes.
6. A similar study conducted among hydroponic plants.
7. Recommend different criteria in evaluating variables aside from growth rate.
8. A comparative study between legumes, hydroponic plants, and soil-grown plants.
54. 54
Chart: 3 Experiment # 3
Chart: 4 Experiment # 4
0.257142857 0.247619048
0.30952381
0.138095238
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
A B C D E
GROWTH RATE
0.276190476
0.29047619
0.314285714
0.176190476
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
A B C D E
GROWTH RATE
55. 55
Appendix
Component
H2O
Water
H2CO3
Carbonic Acid ;
H3PO4
Phosphoric Acid
CH3COOH
Ethanoic Acid
[< a-2
+ scorbutic]
Ascorbic Acid
HCl
Hydrochloric Acid
Bibliography
Books:
Addison Wesley, biology second edition Essenfeld Gontang Moore.
Vibal - Science and Technology series, Conceptual and functional chemistry modular approach.
Microsoft, Encarta premium encyclopedia and dictionaries,
Phoenix, science and technology integrated science I, Religioso Vengo