Project World Cultures

The document summarizes several amendments to the US Constitution beyond the Bill of Rights. It discusses the 3rd, 7th, 9th and 10th Amendments in the Bill of Rights. It then addresses other amendments related to the structure of government and elections. It also analyzes some key Supreme Court cases that have interpreted the Constitution, such as McCulloch v. Maryland, Lopez, Printz, and Bush v. Gore.

Chapter 5 Challenges to Effective Policing

The document summarizes key aspects of policing including: 1) Police recruits undergo training at the police academy to learn laws and procedures, then receive field training from officers to apply their knowledge on the job. 2) Community policing aims to increase community cooperation and support for police, and problem-oriented policing seeks to solve the root causes of crime in specific areas. 3) Police work involves dangers and stress, while officers also face ethical dilemmas regarding their discretion, duties, honesty, and loyalties.

81-220-1 Chapter 8

This document summarizes key concepts from critical criminology such as how it views crime as stemming from social and economic inequalities in society rather than individual pathology. It discusses themes like the relationship between crime and power structures, as well as the role of gender and race. The document also introduces concepts from forms of critical criminology such as left realism, critical feminist theory, and peacemaking criminology. Finally, it discusses how critical theory relates to restorative justice approaches as an alternative to punitive policies.

Chapter4

The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter Four of Choice Theory: Because They Want To. It discusses the development of rational choice theory and concepts like evaluating crime risks and structuring criminality. It also covers how choice theory views crime as potentially rational and examines approaches to controlling crime through deterrence, incapacitation, and other situational prevention strategies. The implications of choice theory for policies like patrols, three-strikes laws, and the death penalty are also summarized.

81-220-1 Chapter 9

This document discusses three developmental theories of criminal careers: life course theory, propensity theory, and trajectory theory. Life course theory views criminality as a dynamic process influenced by factors like age of onset, problem behaviors, and life events. Propensity theory suggests some individuals are born with stable traits that increase crime propensity. Trajectory theory identifies different pathways of offending over the life course, such as authority conflict, covert, and overt pathways. The document also covers related concepts like population heterogeneity, state dependence, and general theories of crime.

Chapter 2 Criminology

This document summarizes the key topics covered in Chapter Two of the textbook on the nature and extent of crime. It discusses the primary sources of crime data including the Uniform Crime Reports, National Incident-Based Reporting System, National Crime Victimization Survey, and self-report surveys. It also evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of each data source and examines crime patterns related to ecology, age, gender, race, and chronic offenders.

Deviant Behavior 6

The document discusses trait theories in criminology, which focus on linking biological and psychological traits to antisocial and criminal behavior. It describes several biosocial and psychological trait theories that attempt to explain criminal behavior, including theories related to biochemistry, neurology, genetics, evolution, psychodynamics, behaviorism, cognition, social learning, mental illness, and personality/intelligence. Trait theorists believe criminal behavior is influenced by both inherent traits and environmental factors interacting together. The document raises questions about the theories and notes limitations in the early research while also highlighting potential strengths of each approach.

Limits Of Progressivism

The document provides an overview of the Progressive Era in America from the late 19th century to the 1920s. It describes the social problems that reformers sought to address through goals like protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, and creating economic reforms. Some key reforms included regulations on child labor, women's working hours, and food/drug safety. The movement gained momentum under presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson through trustbusting, conservation efforts, and establishment of agencies like the Federal Trade Commission. Women's suffrage was another major success, though racial equality made less progress.

RELIGION

The document provides an overview of cultural geography of religion. It defines religion and discusses major world religions including their origins, divisions, and basic precepts. The major universalizing religions covered are Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. The major ethnic religions discussed are Hinduism and Judaism. Other ethnic Asian religions of Confucianism, Daoism, and Shintoism are also briefly mentioned.

Ethicsasse2004

This document discusses various concepts related to professional ethics including what constitutes a profession, the difference between descriptive and prescriptive ethics, common professional values like integrity and competency, and how to reason through moral dilemmas and apply ethical theories. It uses examples of potential ethical issues an occupational health and safety professional may face to illustrate these concepts and help think through problems in professional ethics.

Muinkhoury

Guro/ Pharmacy muse/ isang mamayan ng PIlipinas/ Social Scientist

The document discusses how genetics and genomics will change healthcare in the future. It predicts that within 50 years, genome sequencing will cost less than $100 and will be part of individual medical records to provide personalized, preventative care tailored to a person's genetic risks. It also discusses the interaction between nature and nurture in diseases, noting that both genetic and environmental factors must be considered. Finally, it presents ways public health can leverage family health histories to better assess disease risks and promote health.

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The document provides an overview of Iran's political history and current system of government. It discusses Iran's borders and geography, then covers political developments from World War I through the 1979 Iranian Revolution. It also summarizes the key elements of Iran's Islamic republican constitution, including the roles and powers of the Supreme Leader, Guardian Council, Assembly of Experts, and other governing bodies and institutions.

Iraq 7

This document appears to be a course outline for an international relations course on US foreign policy. It includes topics that will be covered such as the history and domestic roots of USFP, national security doctrine, and US policy toward regions like Africa and countries like South Africa, China, and Iraq. It discusses theories and priorities that influence USFP as well as readings and essay topics that students will examine regarding how the US has pursued goals like promoting freedom through its use of tools like the military and in dealing with key countries like China.

Iraq 3

1. A new study estimates the true cost of the Iraq War is over $1 trillion, twenty times higher than the $50 billion estimated by the US government in 2003. 2. In addition to the over 2,300 American deaths, thousands of soldiers have been wounded both physically and mentally. Treating soldiers with severe injuries such as brain damage or multiple amputations costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars per soldier annually. 3. The long-term costs of providing disability benefits and lifetime medical care for injured veterans will total hundreds of billions of dollars that were not accounted for in initial war cost estimates.

Human Rights Vi Form

The document provides an overview of human rights topics including: 1. An introduction to human rights and identifying rights in news stories and key documents like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 2. The nature of human rights and their origins in documents from ancient civilizations through philosophers like Locke and declarations like the U.S. Bill of Rights. 3. Specific rights like the rights of children established in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and how groups like indigenous peoples and refugees relate to human rights.

Groups In Society

This document discusses various topics related to groups and group behavior. It defines what a group is and explores how groups have changed over time as societies transitioned from hunting/gathering to agricultural to industrial. It also examines different types of groups within societies like primary groups based on close relationships and secondary groups based on roles. Additional topics covered include in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, social networks, electronic communities, group size and dynamics, leadership styles, and phenomena like conformity, authority, and groupthink.

Globalizationvic

Globalization has led to reductions in global poverty and improvements in quality of life. While the wealth gap between the richest and poorest has narrowed, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty has fallen as national incomes have risen. Australia has embraced globalization through open trade policies, foreign investment, and immigration. It has competitive advantages in its openness, IT readiness, and culture that have supported the growth of globalized industries like mining, agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Looking ahead, Australia is well-positioned to continue thriving in an increasingly globalized world driven by information technology.

Globalization, Interdependence And Education

Globalization is narrowing the wealth gap between the richest and poorest populations around the world. Quality of life indicators like literacy rates, infant survival rates, and life expectancy have all improved globally since the 1970s. The incidence of global poverty has also fallen over this period. The drivers of globalization include scarcity of resources, trade liberalization, exploitation of third world labor, information technology, and expanding global markets. Countries that open themselves up to international trade tend to experience faster economic growth. Globalization is intensifying social connections between distant places such that local events are increasingly shaped by global happenings.

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An archaeologist in the year 2997 is trying to understand the origins of major world holidays like Coke Day and Saint Ronald McDonald Day. Due to the lack of history and data from the period when these holidays began, around the 20th-21st century, their roots are unclear. This era was a time of global peace and expansion for corporations like McDonald's. While some accept the corporate-driven origins of these holidays, others reject them and refuse to engage in associated consumption, concerning the archaeologist.

Fool Me Twice

The document criticizes the modern war on drugs by examining the rhetoric used by Harry Anslinger in the 1930s to advocate for marijuana prohibition. Anslinger linked marijuana use to increased promiscuity, addiction, deviance and even murder. He claimed that marijuana caused African Americans, Hispanics and Filipinos to pursue white women and engage in violent criminal behavior. The document suggests this type of racially charged rhetoric criticizing sexual, racial and social deviance was used to promote the war on drugs and prohibition of marijuana in the early 20th century.

Feral Children Presentation

The document discusses feral children and language acquisition. It defines feral children as humans who have lived in isolation from a young age and are unaware of human behavior and language. It describes three cases of feral children, including Victor of Aveyron and Genie, and notes their varying abilities to learn language after being rescued from isolation. The document also discusses debates around nature vs nurture influences on language and questions regarding the origins and development of human language abilities.

Evolve 8

The Standard Social Science Model (SSSM) holds that: 1. The human mind is a blank slate. 2. Biological constraints on human behavior are minimal. 3. Human behavior is shaped by general-purpose learning mechanisms. The SSSM is critiqued for: 1. Failing to explain how a blank slate could respond to experience. 2. Falsely separating nature and nurture in development. 3. Inability of general learning mechanisms to fully explain behavior. The EP view is that the human mind contains domain-specific cognitive modules adapted for challenges faced in human evolution, and that culture arises from an interaction of human nature and environment rather than being wholly

Extremismpresentation

This document summarizes a study on religious extremism and the conditions under which extremist groups emerge and thrive. It presents a theoretical model and agent-based simulation showing that extremist groups are more sustainable when the substitutability between religious and secular activities is high. The model also shows that population income matters but is less influential than substitutability. Regression analysis of empirical data supports the theory, showing extremism is higher where religious and secular activities are more substitutable. Potential policy interventions discussed include reducing the appeal of extremism by providing public goods that compete with religious groups.

Evolve 7

The document discusses several key ideas from evolutionary psychology and human sociobiology, including: 1) E.O. Wilson's 1975 book introduced sociobiology and sparked controversy over the influence of biology vs culture on human behavior. 2) Evolutionary psychology views the mind as composed of specialized modules adapted for survival in our ancestral environment. 3) Studies provide evidence that human mate preferences, jealousy, and other behaviors may reflect evolutionary adaptations related to reproductive success. 4) Parental investment varies based on the certainty of biological parenthood.

Evolve 4

The document summarizes research that uses analysis of DNA polymorphisms on the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome to trace the dispersal of human populations. Key findings include: - Analysis of Y chromosome polymorphisms in over 1,000 men from 52 populations identified 131 haplotypes and 10 haplogroups. - Maximum parsimony analysis estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor of human Y chromosomes to be around 60,000 years ago. - The geographic distribution of haplogroups provides insights into early human migration routes out of Africa and the colonization of the world.

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