This document discusses case studies on ground engineering solutions for infrastructure projects. It provides examples of how geotechnical challenges were addressed on different projects, including an industrial power plant built on abandoned fly ash deposits, a chemical plant built on soft soils in Kutch, India, a multi-story building in NCR, India, and wind turbines in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Ground improvement techniques like vibro stone columns, deep soil mixing, and prefabricated vertical drains were used to provide stable foundations that allowed construction to proceed in a cost-effective manner while meeting structural requirements and mitigating issues like settlement. The case studies demonstrate how evaluating soil conditions and selecting the appropriate ground engineering approach can enable successful infrastructure projects.

1. Case Study on Ground
Engineering Solutions For
Infrastructure Projects
Geotechnical Engineering - 2
PREPADE BY
Abhishek Mangukiya :- 14SOECV11031
Rajan Mathukiya:-14SOECV11033
Harsh Nasha:-14SOECV11037
Prashant Pal:-14SOECV11039

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 GROUND ENGINEERING AND FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
 GEOTECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
 CASE STUDIES
1. TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
2. DESIGN & BUILD EXPERTISE
 CONCLUSIONS

3. Types Of Foundation
Foundation Engineering
 Shallow
Foundations
1. D<=B
2. LESS LOAD
3. LOW WATER TABLE
 Deep Foundation
1. D>B
2. MORE LOAD
3. HIGH WATER
TABLE
Introductio
n

4. CONCEPT OF GROUND IMPROVEMENT
 Ground improvement is defined as the
controlled alteration of the state, nature or
mass behavior of ground materials in order to
achieve an intended satisfactory response to
existing or projected environmental and
engineering actions.
 PRINCIPLES OF GROUND IMPROVEMENT
1. Densification (loose sands) : Resettlement
of Granular Particles
2. Consolidation (cohesive) : Drainage and
reduction of voids
3. Chemical modification : Hardening by

5. Ground Improvement Method
1. DENSIFICATION :- 1.VIBRO COMPACTION
2.DYNAMIC COMPACTION
3.COMPACTION GROUTING
2. CONSOLIDATION :- VIBRO REPLACEMENT
3. CHEMICAL MODIFICATION :- 1.DEEP SOIL
MIXING
2.JET GROUTING
3.DEEP SOIL
MIXING
4.CHEMICAL
GROUTING

6. VIBRO
REPLACEMENT
VIBRO
COMPACTION

7. Compaction
Grouting
Dynamic Compaction

8. Chemical
Grouting
Jet Grouting

9. Deep Soil
Mixing

10. Ground Improvement: Soil
Dependency

11. Ground Improvement: Suitability

12. Choice of Technique
Suitability of Technique
• Are the encountered soil and suggested
technique fundamentally compatible?
Technical Compliance
• Does the suggested technique satisfy the
design requirements ? (strength or stiffness?)
Availability Of Material
• Is the required material (stone, cement) readily
available?
Cost
• Is the proposed technique within the budget?
What is the cost of time when there is saving?
Protection Of The Environment
• Does the suggested technique reduce or avoid

13. Geotechnical Challenges
 Technical Expertise
1. WEAK DEPOSITS/MARINE DEPOSITS /
RECLAMATION
2. DESIGN SOIL PROFILE & PARAMETER
3. SELECTION OF SUITABLE FOUNDATION
4. FULFILLING STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS
5. ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
 Design And Build Expertise
1. ALTERNATIVE DESIGN & BUILD SOLUTIONS
2. LIQUEFACTION MITIGATION
3. INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES
4. SAVINGS IN COST AND TIME
5. COST EFFECTIVE FOUNDATIONS ARE KEY TO

14.  Operational Excellence
1. BOREHOLE STABILITY
2. KNOWLEDGE ON DRILLING FLUID
3. EFFECTIVE USAGE OF STABILIZING FLUID
4. QUALITY CONTRO
GROUND SOLUTION FOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
PROJECTS CASES
1. INDUSTRIAL PLANT
2. MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING
3. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
4. WIND TURBINES

15. Technical Expertise : Infrastructure
Projects On Industrial Plant
UP POWER PLANT
Project : 2 X 500mw Thermal Power Plant (Unit D)
Owner : Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam
Ltd (Uprvunl)
Location : Anpara, Near Sonebhadra (U.P)
Structures :1. Coal Handling Plant
2. Water System Package
3. Substation (760 Kv)
Construction Site : Abandoned Fly Ash Deposit
Resting On Clay Layer
Confirming Design : Deep Foundations To Address
Vertical And Lateral Loads

16. Soil Conditions

17. Geotechnical Solutions
 General Approach
• DEEP FOUNDATIONS : For settlement sensitive
structures
• SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS : For lightly loaded
structures pump house, drive house, cable gallery,
sub-station etc.
 Geotechnical Value Addition
 Combination of ground improvement and bored
piles
 Ground improvement using vibro stone columns
(dry bottom feed method) was suggested.

18. Addressing Lateral Capacity of
Piles
Stone Columns of 0.5m dia.
Installed at the centre and
surrounding two piles

19. Design & Build Expertise: Innovative
Technology
• Project : Chemical Plant
• Location : Kutch region,
Gujarat State, India
• Structures: Industrial
Structures
• Plot Area : 25 Ha.

20. Soil Data and Loading Conditions
Loading Conditions
• Foundation Type : Piles For
Heavily Loaded Structures
:Raft For
Light To Medium Loaded
Structures
• Loading Intensity : 100 Kpa To
200 Kpa
• Settlement Criteria : < 100 Mm
For Shallow Foundations

21. Design & Build Expertise: Innovative
Technology
Multi - storeyed Building
 Tall buildings , Umang Realtech,NCR, India
Project : Summer Palm
Location : NCR Region
Building : G + 14 floors, 13 Towers
Raft Area : 12,000 sq.m
Plot Area : 12 Acres Soil
 Required Geotechnical Solution
Reinforcement
To improve composite shear strength
Compaction in granular/soft subsoil
To increase composite compression modulus
Large Drainage path
To improve overall permeability
Mitigate Liquefaction Soil Data

22. Subsoil Data
Design & Build Expertise: Innovative
Technology
Wind Turbines
Project Location :
Bhendewadi, Kolhapur,
Maharashtra

23. Design & Build Expertise: Innovative
Technology
Wind Turbines
 Typical Scheme And Activities Foundation

24. Conclusions
1. Ground improvement techniques such as dry
vibro stone columns, deep soil mixing, jet
grouting, prefabricated vertical drains can be
used to provide optimal foundations.
2. These techniques can be used both for heavy,
tall and settlement sensitive structures and also
for smaller simpler structures
3. Optimal foundations offer savings in cost, time,
materials, convenience and protection to the
environment
4. Excellent soil information, a correct choice of
technique, good equipment, experienced
people, testing and monitoring during and after
construction is essential for successful project

25. REFERENCES
1. https://www.google.co.in/keller
ground engineering
2. Keller Ground Engineering Company
Ground Engineering Solutions for
Infrastructure Projects: Case Studies

26. THANK YOU SO MUCH