This document outlines a policy for planting and maintaining vegetation along national highways in India. The objectives are to develop eco-friendly highways through community participation and reduce pollution. Tree species are selected based on their suitability to local soil and climate conditions and their benefits, like providing shade, reducing erosion and pollution. Guidelines are provided for planting patterns, including using small trees for the first row and taller trees for subsequent rows. Recommended plant species are listed for different soil types and conditions.
This document defines harbors and docks and classifies them. It states that a harbor is a sheltered area of sea that provides protection from storms and allows for loading/unloading of vessels. Docks are enclosed areas that keep ships at a uniform level for cargo handling. Harbors are classified as natural, artificial, or semi-natural based on physical protections. They can also be refuge, commercial, fishery, or military harbors based on their functions. Docks include wet docks for berthing ships and dry docks for ship repairs.
Width of formation or Roadway , Right of way and land width, Typical cross se...RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
The document discusses roadway and right-of-way widths for different types of roads. It provides the following key points:
1) Roadway width includes the carriageway, shoulders, and separators. It is standardized based on the number of lanes and road category.
2) Right-of-way is the acquired land width and depends on road importance and future needs. Minimum and desirable land widths are prescribed for different road categories.
3) Land width is determined by formation width, embankment/cutting heights, drainage, sight distances, and reserve land for future widening. Tables provide standard land and building/control line widths for roads.
Construction equipments By T.Ravi Prakashravicivil
The document discusses various types of construction equipment used in projects. It begins with an introduction to construction equipment and factors to consider in selection. It then describes different types of excavators like crawler excavators, wheel excavators, compact excavators, and long reach excavators. Other equipment discussed include backhoes, draglines, and their applications. The criteria for selecting earthmoving equipment include the quantities of material, time required, soil types, and job conditions.
The clear distance ahead of vehicle which is visible to the driver is known as sight distance
The minimum distance within which a driver can safely stop his vehicle without any collision with some vehicle, animal or any other object is known as stopping sight distance.
The document discusses the design of staircases. It begins by defining key components of staircases like treads, risers, stringers, etc. It then describes different types of staircases such as straight, doglegged, and spiral. The document outlines considerations for designing staircases like dimensions, loads, and structural behavior. It provides steps for geometric design, load calculations, structural analysis, reinforcement design, and detailing of staircases. Numerical examples are also included to illustrate the design process.
A master plan or a development plan or a town plan may be
defined as a
general plan for the future layout of a city showing both the existing and
proposed streets or roads, open spaces, public buildings etc. A master
plan is prepared either for improvement of an old city or for a new
town to be developed on a virgin soil. A master plan is a blueprint for the
future. It is an comprehensive document, long-range in its view, that
is intended to guide development in the
township for the next 10 to 20 years.
The document discusses limit state design of reinforced concrete structures. It introduces limit states as conditions where the structure becomes unfit for use, including limit states of strength and serviceability. Limit state design involves characterizing loads and resistances as random variables and using partial safety factors on loads and resistances to achieve a target reliability. The document outlines the general principles of limit state design according to Indian Standard code IS 800, including defining actions, factors governing strength limits, and serviceability limits related to deflection, vibration and durability.
Traffic regulatory measures subjective assignment 2 - academic writingChockalingam T
The attached powerpoint presentation contains information about the Traffic Regulatory Measures. Prepared on behalf of UGC MOOC through Swayam Platform.
This document defines harbors and docks and classifies them. It states that a harbor is a sheltered area of sea that provides protection from storms and allows for loading/unloading of vessels. Docks are enclosed areas that keep ships at a uniform level for cargo handling. Harbors are classified as natural, artificial, or semi-natural based on physical protections. They can also be refuge, commercial, fishery, or military harbors based on their functions. Docks include wet docks for berthing ships and dry docks for ship repairs.
Width of formation or Roadway , Right of way and land width, Typical cross se...RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
The document discusses roadway and right-of-way widths for different types of roads. It provides the following key points:
1) Roadway width includes the carriageway, shoulders, and separators. It is standardized based on the number of lanes and road category.
2) Right-of-way is the acquired land width and depends on road importance and future needs. Minimum and desirable land widths are prescribed for different road categories.
3) Land width is determined by formation width, embankment/cutting heights, drainage, sight distances, and reserve land for future widening. Tables provide standard land and building/control line widths for roads.
Construction equipments By T.Ravi Prakashravicivil
The document discusses various types of construction equipment used in projects. It begins with an introduction to construction equipment and factors to consider in selection. It then describes different types of excavators like crawler excavators, wheel excavators, compact excavators, and long reach excavators. Other equipment discussed include backhoes, draglines, and their applications. The criteria for selecting earthmoving equipment include the quantities of material, time required, soil types, and job conditions.
The clear distance ahead of vehicle which is visible to the driver is known as sight distance
The minimum distance within which a driver can safely stop his vehicle without any collision with some vehicle, animal or any other object is known as stopping sight distance.
The document discusses the design of staircases. It begins by defining key components of staircases like treads, risers, stringers, etc. It then describes different types of staircases such as straight, doglegged, and spiral. The document outlines considerations for designing staircases like dimensions, loads, and structural behavior. It provides steps for geometric design, load calculations, structural analysis, reinforcement design, and detailing of staircases. Numerical examples are also included to illustrate the design process.
A master plan or a development plan or a town plan may be
defined as a
general plan for the future layout of a city showing both the existing and
proposed streets or roads, open spaces, public buildings etc. A master
plan is prepared either for improvement of an old city or for a new
town to be developed on a virgin soil. A master plan is a blueprint for the
future. It is an comprehensive document, long-range in its view, that
is intended to guide development in the
township for the next 10 to 20 years.
The document discusses limit state design of reinforced concrete structures. It introduces limit states as conditions where the structure becomes unfit for use, including limit states of strength and serviceability. Limit state design involves characterizing loads and resistances as random variables and using partial safety factors on loads and resistances to achieve a target reliability. The document outlines the general principles of limit state design according to Indian Standard code IS 800, including defining actions, factors governing strength limits, and serviceability limits related to deflection, vibration and durability.
Traffic regulatory measures subjective assignment 2 - academic writingChockalingam T
The attached powerpoint presentation contains information about the Traffic Regulatory Measures. Prepared on behalf of UGC MOOC through Swayam Platform.
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
Signalized Intersections (Transportation Engineering)Hossam Shafiq I
This document provides an overview of signalized intersection analysis and optimization for a transportation engineering course. It defines key terms related to signal timing, describes methods for calculating vehicle delay under uniform and random traffic arrivals, and approaches for optimizing cycle length, green time allocation, and level of service. Examples are provided to illustrate calculations for critical lane group volume-to-capacity ratio, total lost time, optimal signal timing, green time distribution, and intersection level of service.
The document discusses various types of cost estimates used in construction projects. It describes preliminary estimates prepared during the initial project planning stage to provide clients an idea of projected costs. It also discusses plinth area estimates, cubic content estimates, annual repair estimates, revised estimates, supplementary estimates, and detailed estimates. Detailed estimates involve quantifying all work items, calculating costs, and including factors like materials, labor, equipment in the final estimate.
This document discusses different types of traffic speed studies including spot speed studies, travel time studies, and speed delay studies. It then provides details on specific objectives, scope, and methods of conducting traffic speed studies. The document presents data from a traffic speed study conducted at two intersections in Dhaka, including spot speeds, histograms, frequency and cumulative frequency curves. It analyzes the data to determine weighted average speed, pace, modal speed and compares time mean speed to space mean speed based on the Wardrop relationship. Finally, it calculates delay time, value of travel time and vehicle operating costs.
The document summarizes a presentation on a cordon line survey. A cordon line survey studies travel patterns within an area bounded by an imaginary boundary line. The area inside the cordon line is studied extensively, looking at land use, economic activities, and travel characteristics. Travel patterns from and to areas outside the cordon line are also examined at a macro level. Key terms related to cordon line surveys include external cordon line, study area, internal and external trips, screen lines, and zones. Factors like existing and planned development, symmetric daily life patterns, safe survey locations, and compatibility with previous studies should be considered when selecting a cordon line.
1) Sight distance refers to the distance a driver can see along the roadway to detect stationary or moving objects. Restrictions to sight distance can occur at horizontal and vertical curves as well as intersections.
2) Stopping sight distance is the minimum sight distance needed for a vehicle traveling at the design speed to stop safely without colliding with an obstruction. It is affected by the vehicle's speed, the driver's total reaction time, road friction, and gradient.
3) The PIVE theory splits a driver's total reaction time into four parts: perception time, intellection time, emotion time, and volition time - the time taken between recognizing an obstacle and applying the brakes. Lag distance
This document provides an overview of parking studies and terms. It defines common parking metrics like parking index, volume, accumulation, load, duration, and turnover. It also describes the four main types of parking studies: inventory surveys, patrol surveys, questionnaires, and cordon counts. Additionally, it outlines different types of parking facilities, including on-street options like parallel, angled, and perpendicular parking as well as off-street options such as surface lots, multi-story structures, roof parks, mechanical parks, and underground lots. The goal is to understand how to plan for and analyze parking needs.
This document provides an overview of the design of steel beams. It discusses various beam types and sections, loads on beams, design considerations for restrained and unrestrained beams. For restrained beams, it covers lateral restraint requirements, section classification, shear capacity, moment capacity under low and high shear, web bearing, buckling, and deflection checks. For unrestrained beams, it discusses lateral torsional buckling, moment and buckling resistance checks. Design procedures and equations for determining effective properties and capacities are also presented.
harbour and dock engineering ppt 01 introductionHasna Hassan
This document discusses the classification and types of harbours. It describes natural harbours, which have natural protection from storms, and artificial harbours, which require man-made structures for protection. Harbours are classified based on the protection needed, their utility, and location. Types include harbours of refuge for emergency shelter, commercial harbours for shipping cargo, fishery harbours for unloading fish catches, and military harbours that also serve as supply depots. Marina harbours provide berths and amenities for small boats. Location determines classification as canal, lake, river/estuary, or ocean harbours.
This document discusses different types of intersection controls. It describes passive control which involves no explicit control or uses signs. Semi control includes channelization and traffic rotaries to separate traffic flows. Active control uses traffic signals or grade separated intersections to control traffic. Traffic signals separate traffic using time-sharing while grade separated intersections separate traffic vertically using overpasses, underpasses, flyovers and interchanges like diamonds, trumpets and cloverleafs. Channelized intersections also help reduce conflicts.
Detailed description of Capacity and Level of service of Multi lane highways based on Highway Capacity Manual (HCM2010) along with one example for finding LOS of a highway
1. The document discusses various methods for conducting traffic volume studies, including manual counts, mechanical counters, and automatic counts.
2. Manual counts involve people standing at the roadside and recording vehicle information on tally sheets or mechanical/electronic counting boards.
3. Automatic counts use sensors like pneumatic tubes, inductive loops, weigh-in-motion scales, radar detectors, and video cameras to collect traffic data without human observation.
The document discusses rail gauges and types of rails used in railway tracks. It defines rail gauge as the minimum perpendicular distance between the inner faces of two rails. Key factors that affect rail gauge choice include traffic volume, development needs, speed requirements, construction costs, and terrain. Common gauges range from broad gauge over 5 feet wide to narrow gauge under 2.5 feet. The document also describes the functions of rails in providing a continuous, level surface for train movement and load distribution. The three main types of rails discussed are double headed, bull headed, and flat footed (Vignoles) rails, with the latter now comprising around 90% of tracks worldwide due to advantages like reduced costs and greater stiffness.
This document provides an overview of environmental engineering and sewerage systems. It defines key terms like sullage, sewage, garbage and refuse. It discusses the objectives of providing sewerage works and classifies sewage into storm sewage and sanitary sewage. It also summarizes the main types of sewerage systems - conservancy system, water carriage system and their advantages/disadvantages. The document concludes with defining partially separate sewerage system and comparing different sewerage methods.
The document discusses the various elements that make up the cross section of a road, including:
- Right of way, traveled way/carriage way, road way, median, shoulder, curb/kerb, traffic barriers, bicycle and pedestrian facilities, drainage channels, and side slopes.
It provides details on the purpose and design standards for each element, such as recommended widths for different road types. For example, it recommends a minimum shoulder width of 2.5m and notes their purpose is to serve as an emergency lane.
The document also includes examples of typical cross section diagrams for a highway in Pakistan, showing how the various elements come together in road design.
This document summarizes a presentation on travel demand management. It discusses how traditional approaches to reducing traffic congestion through road development are no longer feasible or sustainable. Instead, travel demand management focuses on reducing demand through various pull and push measures. These include improving public transport, increasing vehicle occupancy, and introducing road pricing or fuel taxes. The document also examines how different travel demand management measures impact user behavior and response based on behavioral studies. It finds that a combination of push and pull measures can significantly reduce car use compared to individual measures alone.
This document discusses different types of parking studies and parking facilities. It introduces the need for parking provisions in areas with high business, residential, or commercial activity. There are two main types of parking facilities: on-street parking alongside roads and off-street parking in lots or garages. On-street parking can be unrestricted or restricted by time limits, and there are different angled parking configurations. Off-street parking includes surface lots, multi-level garages, roof parks, mechanical parks, and underground lots owned privately or publicly.
This document discusses road arboriculture, which is the growing of trees along roadsides. It outlines the objectives of road arboriculture such as providing an attractive landscape, shade, and reducing noise and glare. Patterns of tree planting involve spacing trees at least 12 meters from the road center. Trees must be cared for through protection, watering, soil maintenance, and protection from frost. Roadside trees can help preserve the environment if properly selected and maintained.
This document discusses origin-destination (OD) surveys, which are used to understand travel patterns in a given area. It outlines several common methods for conducting OD surveys, including roadside interviews, license plate tracking, and mail/phone surveys. A case study is presented on an OD survey conducted at Havanur Circle junction in Bangalore, India using roadside interviews. The survey found most trips were for work or shopping. Recommendations included changing signal timing and adding infrastructure like underpasses to reduce congestion.
This document discusses landscaping along highways. It notes that highway development often results in loss of vegetation, so highway agencies should offset this through corridor development and management. The objectives of highway landscaping are listed as aesthetic enhancement, reducing air and noise pollution, providing shade, preventing soil erosion and glare. Considerations for tree selection include growth characteristics, soil/site conditions. Medium trees are recommended for the first row, with taller shade trees for subsequent rows. Regular watering, pruning and protection from animals/frost are important maintenance activities.
Biological Measures for Rehabilitation of the Mined-Out Area in Dantewada, Ch...IRJET Journal
The document discusses biological measures for rehabilitation of mined-out areas in Dantewada, Chhattisgarh, India. It recommends re-vegetation with native plant species suited to the climate and soil conditions, including various grasses, shrubs, and trees. Afforestation efforts should focus on slope stabilization and erosion control through mixed plantings. Indigenous species are preferred over exotic species to fully restore ecosystem functions.
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
Signalized Intersections (Transportation Engineering)Hossam Shafiq I
This document provides an overview of signalized intersection analysis and optimization for a transportation engineering course. It defines key terms related to signal timing, describes methods for calculating vehicle delay under uniform and random traffic arrivals, and approaches for optimizing cycle length, green time allocation, and level of service. Examples are provided to illustrate calculations for critical lane group volume-to-capacity ratio, total lost time, optimal signal timing, green time distribution, and intersection level of service.
The document discusses various types of cost estimates used in construction projects. It describes preliminary estimates prepared during the initial project planning stage to provide clients an idea of projected costs. It also discusses plinth area estimates, cubic content estimates, annual repair estimates, revised estimates, supplementary estimates, and detailed estimates. Detailed estimates involve quantifying all work items, calculating costs, and including factors like materials, labor, equipment in the final estimate.
This document discusses different types of traffic speed studies including spot speed studies, travel time studies, and speed delay studies. It then provides details on specific objectives, scope, and methods of conducting traffic speed studies. The document presents data from a traffic speed study conducted at two intersections in Dhaka, including spot speeds, histograms, frequency and cumulative frequency curves. It analyzes the data to determine weighted average speed, pace, modal speed and compares time mean speed to space mean speed based on the Wardrop relationship. Finally, it calculates delay time, value of travel time and vehicle operating costs.
The document summarizes a presentation on a cordon line survey. A cordon line survey studies travel patterns within an area bounded by an imaginary boundary line. The area inside the cordon line is studied extensively, looking at land use, economic activities, and travel characteristics. Travel patterns from and to areas outside the cordon line are also examined at a macro level. Key terms related to cordon line surveys include external cordon line, study area, internal and external trips, screen lines, and zones. Factors like existing and planned development, symmetric daily life patterns, safe survey locations, and compatibility with previous studies should be considered when selecting a cordon line.
1) Sight distance refers to the distance a driver can see along the roadway to detect stationary or moving objects. Restrictions to sight distance can occur at horizontal and vertical curves as well as intersections.
2) Stopping sight distance is the minimum sight distance needed for a vehicle traveling at the design speed to stop safely without colliding with an obstruction. It is affected by the vehicle's speed, the driver's total reaction time, road friction, and gradient.
3) The PIVE theory splits a driver's total reaction time into four parts: perception time, intellection time, emotion time, and volition time - the time taken between recognizing an obstacle and applying the brakes. Lag distance
This document provides an overview of parking studies and terms. It defines common parking metrics like parking index, volume, accumulation, load, duration, and turnover. It also describes the four main types of parking studies: inventory surveys, patrol surveys, questionnaires, and cordon counts. Additionally, it outlines different types of parking facilities, including on-street options like parallel, angled, and perpendicular parking as well as off-street options such as surface lots, multi-story structures, roof parks, mechanical parks, and underground lots. The goal is to understand how to plan for and analyze parking needs.
This document provides an overview of the design of steel beams. It discusses various beam types and sections, loads on beams, design considerations for restrained and unrestrained beams. For restrained beams, it covers lateral restraint requirements, section classification, shear capacity, moment capacity under low and high shear, web bearing, buckling, and deflection checks. For unrestrained beams, it discusses lateral torsional buckling, moment and buckling resistance checks. Design procedures and equations for determining effective properties and capacities are also presented.
harbour and dock engineering ppt 01 introductionHasna Hassan
This document discusses the classification and types of harbours. It describes natural harbours, which have natural protection from storms, and artificial harbours, which require man-made structures for protection. Harbours are classified based on the protection needed, their utility, and location. Types include harbours of refuge for emergency shelter, commercial harbours for shipping cargo, fishery harbours for unloading fish catches, and military harbours that also serve as supply depots. Marina harbours provide berths and amenities for small boats. Location determines classification as canal, lake, river/estuary, or ocean harbours.
This document discusses different types of intersection controls. It describes passive control which involves no explicit control or uses signs. Semi control includes channelization and traffic rotaries to separate traffic flows. Active control uses traffic signals or grade separated intersections to control traffic. Traffic signals separate traffic using time-sharing while grade separated intersections separate traffic vertically using overpasses, underpasses, flyovers and interchanges like diamonds, trumpets and cloverleafs. Channelized intersections also help reduce conflicts.
Detailed description of Capacity and Level of service of Multi lane highways based on Highway Capacity Manual (HCM2010) along with one example for finding LOS of a highway
1. The document discusses various methods for conducting traffic volume studies, including manual counts, mechanical counters, and automatic counts.
2. Manual counts involve people standing at the roadside and recording vehicle information on tally sheets or mechanical/electronic counting boards.
3. Automatic counts use sensors like pneumatic tubes, inductive loops, weigh-in-motion scales, radar detectors, and video cameras to collect traffic data without human observation.
The document discusses rail gauges and types of rails used in railway tracks. It defines rail gauge as the minimum perpendicular distance between the inner faces of two rails. Key factors that affect rail gauge choice include traffic volume, development needs, speed requirements, construction costs, and terrain. Common gauges range from broad gauge over 5 feet wide to narrow gauge under 2.5 feet. The document also describes the functions of rails in providing a continuous, level surface for train movement and load distribution. The three main types of rails discussed are double headed, bull headed, and flat footed (Vignoles) rails, with the latter now comprising around 90% of tracks worldwide due to advantages like reduced costs and greater stiffness.
This document provides an overview of environmental engineering and sewerage systems. It defines key terms like sullage, sewage, garbage and refuse. It discusses the objectives of providing sewerage works and classifies sewage into storm sewage and sanitary sewage. It also summarizes the main types of sewerage systems - conservancy system, water carriage system and their advantages/disadvantages. The document concludes with defining partially separate sewerage system and comparing different sewerage methods.
The document discusses the various elements that make up the cross section of a road, including:
- Right of way, traveled way/carriage way, road way, median, shoulder, curb/kerb, traffic barriers, bicycle and pedestrian facilities, drainage channels, and side slopes.
It provides details on the purpose and design standards for each element, such as recommended widths for different road types. For example, it recommends a minimum shoulder width of 2.5m and notes their purpose is to serve as an emergency lane.
The document also includes examples of typical cross section diagrams for a highway in Pakistan, showing how the various elements come together in road design.
This document summarizes a presentation on travel demand management. It discusses how traditional approaches to reducing traffic congestion through road development are no longer feasible or sustainable. Instead, travel demand management focuses on reducing demand through various pull and push measures. These include improving public transport, increasing vehicle occupancy, and introducing road pricing or fuel taxes. The document also examines how different travel demand management measures impact user behavior and response based on behavioral studies. It finds that a combination of push and pull measures can significantly reduce car use compared to individual measures alone.
This document discusses different types of parking studies and parking facilities. It introduces the need for parking provisions in areas with high business, residential, or commercial activity. There are two main types of parking facilities: on-street parking alongside roads and off-street parking in lots or garages. On-street parking can be unrestricted or restricted by time limits, and there are different angled parking configurations. Off-street parking includes surface lots, multi-level garages, roof parks, mechanical parks, and underground lots owned privately or publicly.
This document discusses road arboriculture, which is the growing of trees along roadsides. It outlines the objectives of road arboriculture such as providing an attractive landscape, shade, and reducing noise and glare. Patterns of tree planting involve spacing trees at least 12 meters from the road center. Trees must be cared for through protection, watering, soil maintenance, and protection from frost. Roadside trees can help preserve the environment if properly selected and maintained.
This document discusses origin-destination (OD) surveys, which are used to understand travel patterns in a given area. It outlines several common methods for conducting OD surveys, including roadside interviews, license plate tracking, and mail/phone surveys. A case study is presented on an OD survey conducted at Havanur Circle junction in Bangalore, India using roadside interviews. The survey found most trips were for work or shopping. Recommendations included changing signal timing and adding infrastructure like underpasses to reduce congestion.
This document discusses landscaping along highways. It notes that highway development often results in loss of vegetation, so highway agencies should offset this through corridor development and management. The objectives of highway landscaping are listed as aesthetic enhancement, reducing air and noise pollution, providing shade, preventing soil erosion and glare. Considerations for tree selection include growth characteristics, soil/site conditions. Medium trees are recommended for the first row, with taller shade trees for subsequent rows. Regular watering, pruning and protection from animals/frost are important maintenance activities.
Biological Measures for Rehabilitation of the Mined-Out Area in Dantewada, Ch...IRJET Journal
The document discusses biological measures for rehabilitation of mined-out areas in Dantewada, Chhattisgarh, India. It recommends re-vegetation with native plant species suited to the climate and soil conditions, including various grasses, shrubs, and trees. Afforestation efforts should focus on slope stabilization and erosion control through mixed plantings. Indigenous species are preferred over exotic species to fully restore ecosystem functions.
This document discusses the development of green belts for moderating toxic emissions. It describes green belts as areas of undeveloped land surrounding urban areas that are protected from development. The purposes of green belts are listed as protecting natural environments, improving air quality, and providing recreational access for urban residents. The document then discusses the interaction of pollutants with plants and outlines important aspects of designing green belts, including plant-pollutant interactions, models for development, plant selection criteria, and using plants to stabilize fly ash. Calculation methods like APTI (Air Pollution Tolerance Index) are presented to evaluate suitable plant species. Advantages and disadvantages of green belts are also summarized.
This document provides information and guidance for selecting plant species for landscape design along Colorado roadways. It discusses developing a geographic plant selection dataset based on route mile markers and associated land attributes. A 10-step process is outlined for utilizing the database to select appropriate plant species for a specific site in Saguache County, focusing on meeting project goals of establishing a healthy and self-sustaining groundcover that shows limited evidence of past disturbance over time. A list of recommended plant species is provided based on the site's location and characteristics.
Characteristics and Utilization Principle of Native Plants in HighwayIJERA Editor
Highway greening projects, in essence, is a kind of ecological restoration project. Plant as the prerequisite and
important material basis of ecological restoration, the choice and utilization of plant is the key to the success of
green. In the current green design, this part also has many problems. Therefore, this paper puts forward the
definition of native plants in ecological theory, and summarizes the characteristics and the use of different types of
plants.
The document discusses site assessment, planting design, and maintenance considerations for urban tree planting. It recommends collecting detailed site information, developing a planting plan that considers species selection and spacing, and calculating soil volume. Special considerations for urban areas include infrastructure conflicts, stormwater management, and protecting trees from human and animal impacts. Maintenance techniques discussed include pruning, watering, weed control, and encouraging natural regeneration.
Use of cultural plants in desert cities in creating the landscape of recreati...SubmissionResearchpa
This document discusses using cultural plants to create recreational landscapes in desert cities in Uzbekistan. It notes that green plants can filter air, regulate temperature, and reduce noise and dust. Certain trees and shrubs are recommended for their protective qualities against dusty winds, toxic gases, and noise. When designing recreational areas, an odd number of trees should be used and chessboard patterns avoided. Color combinations like contrasting, harmonic, and nuanced can be used. Overall landscaping with diverse flora can protect against dust, winds, and vehicle emissions while creating beautiful compositions in desert cities.
The document discusses strategies for managing heavy rough areas on golf courses. Increasing budget pressures have made intensively managing all grassland areas unfeasible. The strategies aim to alter rough composition over several years using cultural and chemical techniques. This includes reducing soil fertility, targeting coarse grasses with herbicides, and encouraging finer species. Proper surveying, record keeping, and communication with club members is important. The goal is to create rough that penalizes poorly hit shots but still allows players to advance the ball.
This document provides guidelines for urban tree planting and silvicultural management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It was created by a project team led by Dr. Talemos Seta and advises on selecting suitable tree species, planting and post-planting care. The guideline includes 8 chapters that cover topics such as selecting trees based on site characteristics, describing 80 suitable species, and engaging local communities in tree planting and management. It aims to increase Addis Ababa's urban green cover and help stakeholders properly care for and monitor planted trees.
This document provides an overview of turf culture and the role of grasses in horticulture. It discusses how turf establishes an essential role through benefits like soil and land stability as well as being a primary producer. It then describes the turf industry and defines turf culture as the management of grass growth atop soil for continuous maintenance. Various grass types and their characteristics are examined. The document also details the benefits of turf, common diseases that can affect turf, and best practices for turf maintenance.
This document provides guidelines for managing the tree population at Pinehurst Country Club. It outlines a 3-phase tree management plan: 1) conducting an inventory of all trees, 2) analyzing the inventory data to determine maintenance needs, and 3) implementing the plan through activities like mulching, monitoring, and annual planting/removal. The inventory involves identifying each tree by species, size, condition and location. This data is used to assess the diversity, age distribution and maintenance requirements of the tree population.
This document provides guidelines for raising plantations under the semi-mechanical method. Some key points include:
- The proposed planting area should be divided into sectors based on slope direction to allow for tractor ploughing across slopes for soil and moisture conservation.
- Gullies and streams should be identified and not ploughed, but treated with soil moisture conservation measures like percolation tanks.
- Species choice should consider both timber and non-timber forest products. Recommended espacements are 9m x 9m for tamarind, neem, and neredu and 5m x 5m for kanuga, usiri, and bamboo.
- A uniform 3m x 3
The document provides guidelines for managing the tree population at Pinehurst Country Club. It outlines a 3-phase tree management plan: 1) conducting an inventory of all trees which involves collecting data on location, species, size and condition; 2) analyzing the data to determine maintenance needs and ensure proper species and age diversity; 3) implementing the plan which includes pruning, removal, mulching, monitoring for pests and diseases, and preventative maintenance. The guidelines provide detailed instructions for all aspects of properly maintaining the urban forest.
Landscape development involves planning, designing, and developing open spaces. This includes grading plans to direct stormwater, landscape elements for sustainability and aesthetics, and planting guidelines. Signs and outdoor structures are also addressed. Key terms defined include various landscape features, plant characteristics, and fenestration components. Maintenance of landscapes includes watering, weeding, and other routines. Stormwater management techniques like biofiltration swales are described.
This document discusses landscaping considerations for a road project, including planting trees for shade, screening glare, aesthetics, and erosion control. It recommends planting large shade trees along the roadside for traffic, flowering trees at intersections and crossings, and climbers on retaining walls. In medians less than 1.5m wide, only grasses would be used, while wider medians would include shrubs like bougainvillea and Thavetia nerifolia. Near urban areas, pollution-reducing trees like neem and mango are suggested. Tall trees and shrubs are recommended near schools and hospitals to filter noise. Waterlogged areas would be planted with trees like eucalyptus
- The document discusses the importance of preserving open spaces and vegetation in urban planning to balance environmental, social and economic needs. It notes trees and vegetation provide aesthetic, climatic and engineering benefits.
- It outlines various values and benefits of trees related to architecture, climate, site development and engineering like moderating temperatures, intercepting rainfall, stabilizing soils and reducing pollution. Trees also have economic and legal value by enhancing property values.
- Jurisdictions have enacted preservation ordinances to balance development with resource protection. Successful preservation must integrate into early planning stages rather than be retrofitted later. Proper protection of trees during construction is also important to prevent root damage.
The document discusses sustainable lawn care practices. It defines sustainability and explores how the concept applies to maintaining lawns. Some key choices for sustainable lawns include using turfgrass mixtures instead of monocultures and selecting species adapted to local conditions. Sustainable maintenance strategies focus on practices like mowing high, leaving clippings, reducing fertilizer use, and optimizing irrigation. An integrated pest management approach is also recommended to minimize pesticide use.
Similar to Green highways (plantation & maintenance) policy 2015 (20)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Green highways (plantation & maintenance) policy 2015
1. Green policy 21.7.15 1
Green
Green
Green
Green Highways
Highways
Highways
Highways (Plantation & Maintenance)
(Plantation & Maintenance)
(Plantation & Maintenance)
(Plantation & Maintenance) Policy
Policy
Policy
Policy-
-
-
-2015
2015
2015
2015
VISION
VISION
VISION
VISION
To develop eco friendly National Highways with participation of the
community, farmers, NGOs, private sector, institutions, government
agencies and the Forest Department. Documentation of species to be
planted along National Highways.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES
To evolve a policy frame work for plantation along National
Highways;
To reduce the impacts of air pollution and dust as trees and shrubs
are known to be natural sink for air pollutants;
To provide much needed shade on glaring hot roads during summer;
To reduce the impact of ever increasing noise pollution caused due
to increase in number of vehicles;
To arrest soil erosion at the embankment slopes;
Prevention of glare from the headlight of incoming vehicles;
Moderating the effect of wind and incoming radiation;
Employment to local people;
Augmenting in maintaining biodiversity
2. Green policy 21.7.15 2
1. Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction:
:
:
:
1.1 Loss of vegetation is one of the inevitable consequences of Highway
Development. It is the responsibility of the highway development agencies
to offset this loss by way of following the approach of Corridor
Development & Management.The highway development agencies must
strive to enhance the aesthetics of the highway corridor at all possible
locations. Highways should not be looked upon merely as a means of
transportation, but an integral part and parcel of the physical environment
and Socio-economic milieu.
1.2 Often, while preparing the Land acquisition Plans for the highway
projects, the land needed for the avenue plantation and landscape
improvement is not considered during the DPR stage. As a result, after
construction, when the planting is actually to start, there is no option but to
accommodate planting in whatever space is available. The width of the
remaining ROW is, many times, not sufficient enough to accommodate even
a single row of plants; whereas at some places, three to four rows can be
planted. In order to ensure availability of sufficient width throughout for
avenue planting, it is recommended that the requirement of land for tree
plantation should be included in the Land Acquisition Plans prepared by the
DPR consultants.
2. Objectives of Plantation
Objectives of Plantation
Objectives of Plantation
Objectives of Plantation:
:
:
:
2.1 The main objectives of planting along the Highways are as follows: -
For aesthetic enhancement of the project corridors and places of
importance by planting selective ornamental trees, landscaping and turfing
with grasses and ornamental shrubs.
To reduce the impacts of air pollution and dust as trees and shrubs
are known to be natural sink for air pollutants.
To provide much needed shade on glaring hot roads during summer.
To reduce the impact of ever increasing noise pollution caused due
to increase in number of vehicles.
To arrest soil erosion at the embankment slopes.
Prevention of glare from the headlight of incoming vehicles.
Moderating the effect of wind and incoming radiation
3. Green policy 21.7.15 3
3. Selection of Tree Species for
Selection of Tree Species for
Selection of Tree Species for
Selection of Tree Species for roadside plantations
roadside plantations
roadside plantations
roadside plantations:
:
:
:
3.1 Plantation is one of the most important constituents of soft
landscaping. Trees, shrubs and climbers have been used to enhance the
soft natural ambience against harsh elements in most of the enhancement
schemes. The planting species are decided based on the physical growth
characteristics of trees, like form and shape, foliage pattern, growth rate,
branching pattern, soil characteristics and conditions of the strip like water
logged areas etc. While selecting the species of trees for landscaping a
great care should be taken to choose the species, which already exist
along the project corridor. On the other hand, if a pure avenue of single
species is planted for a considerable length of the road, it gives a
harmonious and pleasing look. It is, therefore, essential that mixtures of
different species should be avoided and pure avenues of a single species
be planted over long stretches of road. This will enhance the aesthetic
quality and will also render management easier.
3.2 The selection of plant types and planting arrangement should be
based on the following considerations:-
3.2.1 Aim and objective of plantation
3.2.2 Shape and size (size and spread)
3.2.3 Texture and colour of foliage/flower/fruits in different seasons and
stages of growth.
3.2.4 Adaptability and suitability to agro-climatic regions/zones
3.2.5 Growth rate (slow/fast) average age of maturity and replacement
cycle
3.2.6 After care and maintenance required for sustenance and growth
3.2.7 Economic and other social/recreational benefits
3.2.8 Drawbacks and demerits if any, like prone to insects/pests disease,
animal grazing and human interference.
3.3 The Guidelines on Landscaping and Tree Plantation (IRC:SP:21-
2009), provide for detailed specifications with respect to roadside
plantations and Median Plantation.
4. Plantation Pattern
Plantation Pattern
Plantation Pattern
Plantation Pattern
4.1 The road landscape should be developed envisaging a holistic
approach to the entire stretch. A concept should be evolved so as to
maintain visual characteristics and uniformity in terms of landscape along
4. Green policy 21.7.15 4
the stretch. In the absence of uniform land availability for the plantations,
different schemes may be worked out in tune with the local variations in
the design. To achieve this, the entire stretch of the project corridor
should be divided into homogenous landscape sections based on similarity
in terms of available width, soil conditions, climate (temperature and
rainfall) and topography. A study on the local flora and vegetative cover
native to these sections should be carried out as part of the field surveys
to enable a choice of the suitable species for particular section. Depending
on the available ROW, plantation pattern should be worked out as follows:-
The first row along the Highways will be of small to medium sized
ornamental trees.
Subsequent rows depending on the availability of width will comprise
of ornamental and/or shade bearing species, of more height than
those in the first row. In rural sections the last row will always be of
shade bearing tall trees.
Planting of shrubs in the median.
Planting of herbaceous species as ground cover in the median,
special landscapes, and embankment slopes.
Turfing with grass in the median, special landscapes, and
embankment slopes.
4.2 Table 1,2, and 3 list a few species, which can generally be planted
throughout India.
Table 1: Species Recommended for Ist Row of Avenue Plantations
Table 1: Species Recommended for Ist Row of Avenue Plantations
Table 1: Species Recommended for Ist Row of Avenue Plantations
Table 1: Species Recommended for Ist Row of Avenue Plantations
S.NO.
S.NO.
S.NO.
S.NO. SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL BOTANICAL NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME
LOCAL NAME
LOCAL NAME
LOCAL NAME
1. Loamy
Loamy
Loamy
Loamy Delonix regia Gulmohar
2. Cassia fistula Amaltas
3. Bauhinia sps. Kachnar
4. Cassia nodusa Cassia
5. Jacaranda mimosaefolia Jacranda
6. Peltophorum
ferrugineum
Peltophorum
7. Water logged
Water logged
Water logged
Water logged c
c
c
condition
ondition
ondition
ondition Terminalia arjuna Arjun
8. Syzygiumcuminii Jamun
9. Cordia dicotma Lasoda
10. Alkaline
Alkaline
Alkaline
Alkalinesoils
soils
soils
soils[Usar]
[Usar]
[Usar]
[Usar] Terminalia arjuna Arjun
11. Pongamia pinnata Kanji
12. Albizzia lebbek Kala Siris
5. Green policy 21.7.15 5
Table 2: Species Recommended for 2
Table 2: Species Recommended for 2
Table 2: Species Recommended for 2
Table 2: Species Recommended for 2nd
nd
nd
nd
and subsequent row, except
and subsequent row, except
and subsequent row, except
and subsequent row, except
the last row of Avenue Plantations
the last row of Avenue Plantations
the last row of Avenue Plantations
the last row of Avenue Plantations
1. Loamy
Loamy
Loamy
Loamy Melia azadiracta Bakain
2. Pongamia pinnata Kanji
3. Gravillea robusta Slver Oak
4. Albizzia lebbek Kala siris
5. Dalbergia sissoo Shisham
6. Terminalia arjuna Arjuna
Table 3: Shade trees recommended for
Table 3: Shade trees recommended for
Table 3: Shade trees recommended for
Table 3: Shade trees recommended for last (or the only) row in
last (or the only) row in
last (or the only) row in
last (or the only) row in
roadside avenues
roadside avenues
roadside avenues
roadside avenues
SOIL SPECIES
LOAMY Local name BOTANICAL NAME
Peepal Ficus religiosa
Paker Ficus infectoria
Mahua Madhuca indica
Mango Mangifera indica
Neem Azadirachta indica
Imli Tamarindus indica
Jamun Syzynium cuminii
Shisam Dalberjia sissoo
SANDY Shisam Dalbergia sissoo
ALKALINE
[USAR]
Neem Azadirachta indica [ at ph up
to 8.5]
Kanji Pongamia pinnata [ upto 9.0 p
h]
Arjun Terminelia arjuna
WATER LOGGED
AREA
Jamun Syzyniumcuminii
Arjun Terminalia arjuna
4.3 The above lists represent common species, which can be planted
almost throughout India. Region-wise specific choices can be made with
the help of local experts from the Forest department and Horticulture
department. As far as possible, fruit bearing trees like Mango, Neem,
Jamun and Imli are ideal for areas near habitations throughout India. Other
locally useful fruit bearing species like Jackfruit, Mahua, Bel, etc., may also
be preferred.
4.4 The shrubs to be planted in the median should be of low or medium
height for prevention of the headlight glare. One to two rows of flowering
6. Green policy 21.7.15 6
shrubs will be provided according to the varying width of the median in
different sections. In sections where the median width is less than 1.5m
only grasses turf is proposed. Some herbaceous species may also be
planted as a ground cover, not only on the medians but on special
landscapes and embankment slopes also. The species proposed for the
purpose of turfing/ground cover are: Cynodon dactylon, Cythocline
perpurea, Solanum nigrum, Alternanthera, Chlorophytum, Eupatorium,
Wedelia, Duranta, Portulacca, Ipomea, Pelia cadrii, Beleprone oblongata,
Tradescantia, Asparagus, Opheopogon grass etc. The shrub species
proposed in the median are mainly Bougainvillea and Thevetia nerifolia
(Kaner). However, other suitable species may be planted in consultation
with the local horticulture specialists.
4.5 S
S
S
Special
pecial
pecial
pecial landscapes/embankment slopes
landscapes/embankment slopes
landscapes/embankment slopes
landscapes/embankment slopes/ on the median
/ on the median
/ on the median
/ on the median:
:
:
:
The surface is to be prepared adequately for shrubs planting or
grass sowing. The grasses and shrubs planting are done to provide a
strong surface cover but needs a well-prepared surface. All masses of
loose debris should be removed. Any convexities should be removed and
similarly any concavities are to be filled by good soil. The surface should
have sufficient layer of good quality soil [upto 45 cms] so as to have better
growth and survival of grasses and shrubs.
Grass lines are used to provide a strong surface cover but need a
well-prepared surface in which to be planted. If grass is to be an effective
form, then it must be allowed to establish properly on a slope which does
not subject to undue stress from erosion and mass movement in its initial
stages.Sowing of grasses is intended to create a strengthened surface that
is resistant to erosion.
It is the responsibility of the planting agency to ensure that the
condition of the site is good enough for the successful establishment of
grasses.The planting agency is required to supervise all field operations
like preparation of surface, sowing of grasses and quality of grasses seeds
used.
A cover of 25 grams of grass seed per square metre of surface
should be achieved.The timing of sowing is of utmost importance. The seed
sowing must be carried out before the onset of monsoon [May & June] so
7. Green policy 21.7.15 7
that they yield desired results. The watering of the surface will be above
by tankers till the onset of the monsoon.After sowing, mulch of prepared
and dried out herbs should be laid over the whole seeded area in a thin
layer so that the direct sunlight and transpiration loss may not affect the
grasses.
Median Plantation
Median Plantation
Median Plantation
Median Plantation -
-
-
- The species to be planted in median would be of
low or medium height with ornamental value to enhance the visual
experience of the road corridor. It will also act as a screen to prevent glare
from the incoming vehicles.The species recommended for median are
mainly Bougainvillea and Kaner. Bougainvillea is considered as the most
suitable species as it has a great aesthetic value and it is found in various
colours and shades. It can also withstand extreme temperature and climatic
conditions and also has low requirement of water. These species have
been proposed considering the climatic conditions, requirement of water
and future management. However, other species suitable and suggested by
Forest Department/ RO can also be used.
4.6 Transplantation
Transplantation
Transplantation
Transplantation
Occasion may arise when a grown-up tree has to be cut for making
room for constructing a road, a building or other structure. It would be
desirable to save this plant by transplanting it at a suitable site. To do this
successfully some time is necessary. In winter when the tree is dormant or
less active, it should be pruned heavily leaving a bare framework of the
large branches. A 40 to 50 cm wide trench 1 to 2 m deep should be dug
around the stem as much distance away from it, depending upon the stature
of the specimen, cutting all the roots, big and small, in the process.The job
of tree transplantation is quite complex and requires high quality expertise,
technique besides specialised equipment and infrastructure.
The location for transplantation is to be identified and preliminary
treatment is to be done at least 3-months in advance before the area is
ready for transplantation. Transplantation of trees depends on the soil and
climatic conditions of that area. Specialised techniques are required in
transplantation of trees with specialised equipments and
machinery.Transplantation of trees will be done to the maximum extent
possible on the national highways to save the grown trees along existing
8. Green policy 21.7.15 8
ROW. The Translocation site should be within 5 Kms. of the existing tree
location.
5. Present System
Present System
Present System
Present System
5.1 The following different types of arrangements exist, with respect to
raising and maintaining roadside plantations: -
5.1.1 Plantations done by Forest Department along highway as a statutory
condition.
5.1.2 Plantations done through the Forest Department as deposit work.
5.1.3 Plantation in the scope of work of Concessionaire (schedule “C’),
Section-11;
5.1.4 Plantation in the scope of work of OMT Contractor (Schedule ‘B’),
project facilities;
5.1.5 Plantation done by the private agency through competitive bidding
5.1.6 Plantation done through other agencies (NGOs, Govt departments /
agencies other than Forest Department, communities, etc.).
5.17 Handing-over stretches to State Govt. for carrying out roadside
plantation at their end with the funds of the State Govt.;
6. Land Requirement
Land Requirement
Land Requirement
Land Requirement
Based on the inventory, an action programme should be prepared as
regards additional landscaping measures and traveller amenities. If
available land width is insufficient to implement this programme, acquisition
of additional land should be seriously considered keeping in view the
following requirements during feasibility/DPR study:-
I. To provide flatter side slopes in cuts and fills along with contouring
of the adjacent land.
II. To provide enough space for planting suitable trees and plants.
III. To provide sufficient area for parking, look out spots and other
aesthetic features.
7.
7.
7.
7. Plantation Agency
Plantation Agency
Plantation Agency
Plantation Agency
7.1 The entire highway network can be divided into two categories
based on the legal status of the existing road-side plantations. In areas,
9. Green policy 21.7.15 9
where existing plantations along the highways have been notified as
protected forests as plantation is either done by the forest department for
management purpose or naturally grown trees. For these areas,
permission for tree cutting is required to be taken from the forest
department under the Forest Conservation Act, 1980. While granting the
permission, the forest department stipulates the conditions not only for
compensatory aforestation (CA) but also for avenue plantations. In these
cases, the amount for avenue plantation is deposited with the Forest
Department and normally the work of avenue plantation is taken up by
them apart from CA.
7.2 In areas, such highway corridors where the ROW is not declared as
protected forest,the roadside plantations may be taken up either through
the contractor (if it is a BOQ item), the Concessionaire (if it is included in
the concession agreement), forest departmentand department dealing the
Watershed Development in the State, Watershed Cell-cum-Data
Centre[WCDC] at district level and the Watershed Committee [WC] at
local level withlocal communities / panchayat level institutions / Women
Self Help Groups (WSHGs), Self Help Groups (SHGs) / Joint Forest
Management Committees (JFMC), or through open bidding.
7.3 Plantation through bidding process
Plantation through bidding process
Plantation through bidding process
Plantation through bidding process:
:
:
:
The plantations and its maintenance may be taken up through
outsourcing following bidding process as per standard protocol of
procurement of MoRTH and its agenciesfor the stretch/ROW not declared
as protected forest under Forest Conservation (Act) 1980.
7.4 Empanelment of Agencies
Empanelment of Agencies
Empanelment of Agencies
Empanelment of Agencies
MoRTH/NHAI will appoint the authorised agency for empanelment of
Plantation Agencies. Only empanelled agencies will be allowed to bid
forplanting work on the National Highways.
8. Role of Local Bodies
Role of Local Bodies
Role of Local Bodies
Role of Local Bodies
8.1 For roadside plantations, nodal agencies will be encouraged to
involve the local institutions like Panchayats, JFMCs & SHGs for
plantations as per these guidelines.
10. Green policy 21.7.15 10
8.2 All plantations, except those carried out by the Forest Department in
compliance to any statutory condition, will be carried out under an MOU in
the enclosed format entered by the nodal agency with the plantation
agency.
9. Institutional arrangements
Institutional arrangements
Institutional arrangements
Institutional arrangements and Financing Pattern
and Financing Pattern
and Financing Pattern
and Financing Pattern
9.1.1 It is experienced that the scenario of road side plantation is not
satisfactoryin most of the projects implemented through BOT,DBFOT and
public funded projects. This is the responsibility of road implementation
agencies to develop green corridor along highways for aesthetic
enhancement of the project corridors and places of importance by planting
selective ornamental trees, landscaping and turfing with grasses and
ornamental shrubs, in order to reduce the impact of air pollution and dust
as trees and shrubs are known to be natural sink for air pollutants and
carbon sequencing. It also reduces noise pollution and provides much
needed shade on glaring hot roads during summer. Plantation arrests soil
erosion at the embankment slopes, prevents glare from the headlight of
incoming vehicles and moderates the effect of wind and incoming
radiation.Green corridors guide the drivers for long distance curves and
openings.
9.1.2 For successful implementation of plantation along with development
of road network in an eco-friendly manner throughout the country,
development of green highways will be done through outsourcing of
Plantation work to expert & experience agencies/organizations. The Nodal
Agency will appoint such agencies for plantation work on National
Highways.The successful agencyshall follow the model TOR, IRC-SP-
21,2009 and project specific RFQ for plantation and maintenance.
9.1.3 The Nodal agency for forest areas will be the concerned forest
range office. In case of Public Funded Projects the concerned Regional
Officer of MoRT&H/NHAI will be the nodal agency. In cases where
roadside plantation is included inthe concession agreement, the concerned
concessionaire will be the nodal agency.
9.1.4 MoRTH/NHAI shall take up the plantation work if the contractor /
concessionairefail to implement the plantation program withinthe stipulated
11. Green policy 21.7.15 11
time period as per agreement at the risk & cost of the concerned
contractor/concessionaire after terminating the particular scope of the
contract. The responsibility of ensuring compliance to specifications will,
however, rest with the nodal agency as per IRC-SP:21-2009.
9.1.5 The selection of species will be strictly doneas per the said
guidelines or as per the recommendation of adjoining forest department
with site specific native species.
9.1.6 The planting agency will have no right whatsoever on the land under
plantation. Such agency will not be authorized to undertake any other form
of under-plantations or any other activity on such land. An MOU shall be
signed with the agency for strict compliance of the technical specification,
species, maintenance schedule, survival, payment terms and conditions and
on the legal right of the land as well as forest produce (Annexure-I).
9.1.7 The Procurement of the executing agency for plantation &
maintenance, monitoring, termination of contract etc shall be done by a
committee consisting of concerned Regional Officer NHAI/MoRT&H and
the Concessionaire in case of BOT projects. In case of Public Funded
Projects, a representative of CE(Planning) MoRT&H/CGM(Environment),
NHAI will be member of the procurement committeealong with concerned
Regional Officer. The cost of the Plantation & Maintenance will be borne
by the concessionaire in case of BOT Projects & by NHAI/MoRT&H for
Public Funded Projects.A model Terms of Reference (ToR) is given at
Annexure-II.
9.1.8 There will be an Advisory committee which will meet once in a
quarter and give its recommendations/advice to the monitoring cell. The
ROs of MoRTH/NHAI in the district will be the convener of this committee.
1
1
1
10
0
0
0.
.
.
. Plantation Scheme
Plantation Scheme
Plantation Scheme
Plantation Scheme
10.1 The plantation scheme has been broadly classified into two
categories which are as follows:-
a
a
a
a)
)
)
) Tree planting along the HighwayTurfing with grasses and
shrub/herb.
12. Green policy 21.7.15 12
b
b
b
b)
)
)
) planting on medians/special landscapes/embankment slopes.
A.
A.
A.
A. Tree Planting along the Highways
Tree Planting along the Highways
Tree Planting along the Highways
Tree Planting along the Highways
The technical specification for planting along the Highways are as
follows:-
(i) Ornamental plants except last row
Distance from embankment 1.0 mt. away from the toe of
the embankment
spacing between plant to plant 3 mts.
Spacing between rows 3 mts.
Size of the pits[Normal soil] 60x60x60 cms
For Alkaline soil [Usar] By Augar
Water logged areas mounds with height
varyingdepending on the water
level
Species recommended as per annexure
No. of plants per km 333
Activity and time schedule As per table
Height of the plant 1.5m to 2 m
[ii] Shade plants (Last row):
Distance from the preceding row 3 mts
Spacing between plant to plant 12 mts.
Size of the pits[Normal soil] 60x60x60 cms
Alkaline soil [usar] By Augur
Water logged areas Mounds
Species recommended As per the table for shade plants
No. of plants per km 84
Height of the plants more than 2 mts.
In localities where a really bad patch of usar occurs, there is a need to
dug deep pits by auger [mechanical device] to break the kankar pan down
below and replacing the soil by good quality soil. The soil amender Gypsum
1 to3 kg. depending on the pH along with 2 kg. composite and sand are
filled in the pits. The treatment helps in lowering down the pH and thus
enabling better survival of plants.
13. Green policy 21.7.15 13
B.
B.
B.
B. Guidelines for Median Plantation
Guidelines for Median Plantation
Guidelines for Median Plantation
Guidelines for Median Plantation:
:
:
:
One or two rows of flowering shrubs are recommended in accordance to
the varying width of the median in different sections. In sections where
median width is less than 1.5 meter, only grass turf is recommended. In
median width of 3 meters, one row of shrub whereas in 5 meter median
width, plantation of two rows of flowering shrubs are proposed.
Only two rows of shrubs will be planted on median width of 5 meters
and these plants will be at a spacing of 1.5 meters from the inner edge of
the median.
The plants will be at spacing of 3 x 3 meters and size of the pits for
planting will be 0.6m dia and deep. Therefore, total no. of plants per km
will be 333 in case where single row is proposed and 666 in case of two
rows.
The surface for the median plantation should be well prepared. The
masses of loose derbies on the median and any convexities will be
removed and similarly any concavities are to be filled by good soil. The
surface should have sufficient layer of good quality soil so as to have a
better growth and survival of grasses and shrubs.
10.2Protection measures
Protection measures
Protection measures
Protection measures
The fencing of single row plantations will be done by using
iron/brick/cement guards. Locally available bamboo guards or thorn fencing
may also be used where protection can be ensured through these. The
specifications for the iron guards are as per IRC-SP-21, 2009
The fencing of multiple row plantations will be done preferably by
barbed wire. A five strand barbed wire fencing, with cross strands,
stretched on angle iron poles fixed at a distance of 4 meter from one
another; is recommended. Live fencing/bamboo fencing/thorn fencing may
also be used where protection can be ensured through these. The
specifications for barbed wire fencing are as per IRC-SP-21, 2009
10.3Maintenance
Maintenance
Maintenance
Maintenance of Plantation
of Plantation
of Plantation
of Plantation
14. Green policy 21.7.15 14
The scope of the maintenance work is as per Model Tor of plantation
and maintenance, IRC-SP-21, 2009 and also as per adjoining forest
schedule for those items which are not included in the model Tor/IRC
guidelines.
10.4 Default
Default
Default
Default
If the agency fails to arrange the sufficient quantities of material/
manure/pesticides/manpower/equipment (in good working condition)
required to maintain the work in good condition within 7 days of its
notification, the nodal agency will reserve the right to get it arranged at
their risk and cost and will charge extra 20% on the actual expenditure
incurred. In exceptional cases, RO, MoRTH/NHAI may consider to extend
the time limit mentioned above. The decision of RO, MoRTH/NHAI shall be
final and binding on the contractor in respect of extension of time for
rectification of defects. However, all complaints will be attended promptly
and within the time limit specified by RO, MoRTH/NHAI
11.0 Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
11.1 The Monitoring Agency will monitor progress of planting and status
of plantations on continuous basis.
11.2 This agency shall carry out the site visit for field verification in
respect of survival, growth and size of plantation and maintenance of the
same.
11.3 The project coordinator of the plantation agency will submit
Progressreport to the monitoring Agency with a copy to the concerned
Project office of PD/RO MoRTH/NHAI by 18th
and 3rd
date of every month,
for the preceding fortnight (i.e., 1st
to 15th
, and 16th
to the last of every
month, respectively), in excel format through e-mail.
11.4 The Horticulturist/Supervisor of plantation agencywill compile and
report quarterly status to the monitoring agency with a copy to concerned
(Regional office) by 7th
date of every quarter, in excel format by e-mail.
11.5 The monitoring agency shall examine the reports and send feedback
and action points to planting agency, nodal agency and will send a
comprehensivereport with recommendation to NHAI/MoRTH.
11.6 The concerned division in MoRTH/NHAI will examine the reports
and after appropriate action. A verified of the monitoring database will be
uploaded on the website.
15. Green policy 21.7.15 15
In case of default on the part of the Concessionaire with respect to
planting or maintenance of plantations (as provided under Schedule C and
Schedule K of the concession agreement), and based on the report and
recommendations of the monitoring agency action may be taken as per the
conditions of the Concession Agreement or MOU with the concerned
agency.
12. Performance
Performance
Performance
Performance Audit
Audit
Audit
Audit
The monitoring Agency will conduct performance audit of Executing
agencies for various projects on an Annual basis and awardof new
contracts to the agencies will be decided based on their past performance.
13. Sharing of usufructs
Sharing of usufructs
Sharing of usufructs
Sharing of usufructs
The usufructs from the roadside plantations will be shared as per the
following arrangement:
From plantations raised by the Forest Department, the share
will be determined and approved by the competent authority in
the Forest Department and will be specified in the plantation
scheme.
In case of plantations raised by WSHGs, JFMCs, SHGs or other
such local institutions, the said agency will have full rights on
intermediary produce like dried fuel wood, fruits, etc. for the
period of contract only.
The Panchayat/Local Authority will have full rights on
intermediary produce like dried fuel wood, fruits, etc with in
their jurisdiction after the expiry of the contract period of
plantation and maintenance with the plantation agency with the
condition they should protect the encroachment of ROW and
plantation from the 1st day of project under implementation.
An MOU should be signed with the local self Government
Agency in this regard.
13. Compliance to Forest
Compliance to Forest
Compliance to Forest
Compliance to Forest Conservation Act and local laws
Conservation Act and local laws
Conservation Act and local laws
Conservation Act and local laws
Before starting any plantation, the local forest department will be
consulted for ensuring compliance to any regulation in force that may
16. Green policy 21.7.15 16
affect raising, maintenance, and harvesting of the raised plantation.
Necessary modifications will be made in the plantation scheme, in
consultation with the forest department, to ensure compliance to law and to
avoid complications at the time of harvesting and transportation of forest
produce. In case the State Government has any provision for registration of
such plantations, the same will be ensured under the relevant scheme.
14. Survival
Survival
Survival
Survival
The survival should be 90% after raising the plantation of age one
year at any stage during contractual period with normal shape and size.
15. Payment Terms & Conditions
Payment Terms & Conditions
Payment Terms & Conditions
Payment Terms & Conditions
The project shall be awarded on a turn-key basis based on the
quantum of plantation for the specific site through bidding and payment will
be made as per terms and conditions prescribed in the Terms of Reference
(ToR).
1.6 Penalty
Penalty
Penalty
Penalty
In case of default on the part of the Contractor/Concessionaire with
respect to planting or maintenance of plantations, action will be taken as
per the conditions of the Concession Agreement/Contract Agreement or
MOU with the concerned agency. The legal and financial liabilities should
be borne by the plantation agency for non compliances to Forest
(Conservation) Act 1980 and subsequent amendments and Forest
Conservation Rule and also local laws:
17. Review of Policy
Review of Policy
Review of Policy
Review of Policy
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways reserves the right to renew
or amend the policy from time to time.
17. Green policy 21.7.15 17
Annexure
Annexure
Annexure
Annexure-
-
-
-I
I
I
I
Memorandum of Understanding
Memorandum of Understanding
Memorandum of Understanding
Memorandum of Understanding
This memorandum of understanding is made on this date of _________
between the __________ [name of the nodal agency] having its registered
office at _______________, hereinafter referred as ________ which
expression shall, unless repugnant to the context thereof, includes its
successors and assigns of the First Part
And
The _________ [name of the executing agency], _____________ having its
office at ________________, which expression shall, unless repugnant to the
context thereof, includes its successors and assigns of the Second Part;
whereas:
1. ________ [name of the nodal agency] has been established under the
___________ with the main objective of ________________.
2. [name of the nodal agency] has constructed ________________
highway between __________ and _________________.
3. ___________ is the ________ [Non-profit organization / cooperative
society / etc.] primarily constituted for ________________. The ____________
[name of the executing agency] has sufficient expertise and infrastructure
to take up plantations of this magnitude.
Therefore,
4. The [name of the nodal agency] proposes to the ____________ [name
of the executing agency], and the said agency agrees to take up the
plantation along the ____________________.
5. ____________ [name of the executing agency] would plant species as
per Model TOR/IRC-SP-21, 2009/scheduled species of the adjoining forest
division/site specific to meet the objectives of the plantation in accordance
with the site suitability.
18. Green policy 21.7.15 18
6. Species composition and plantation technique may change according
to site requirement in terms of road alignment, soil type, elevation of
embankment, climatic variations and availability of area for plantation.
7. The ____________ [name of the executing agency] would perform
year wise/month wise plantation activities as per model TOR. Changes in
the schedule may occur due to changes in weather pattern or conditions
caused by other unforeseen exigencies.
8. [name of the nodal agency] will coordinate with ____________[name
of the executing agency] through ____________ [Name of the competent
official]. ____________ [name of the executing agency] will coordinate with
__________ [name of the nodal agency] through _____________ [Name of the
competent official], who will act as project coordinator for this project.
9. ____________ [name of the executing agency] will start plantation
activities in this stretch during first year. Schedule of yearly activities has
been suggested above and also in the project assuming that works of
construction of highway between _____________ and ____________ will be
complete during [month, year]
[month, year]
[month, year]
[month, year].
10. ____________ [name of the executing agency] will adopt the similar
procedures of accounting and release of fund as that of procedures used
for funds received from DRDA and other similar agencies.
11. Plantations are not possible in stretches where highway crosses any
river, nala and road as area for plantation will not be available for that
particular stretch.
12. The following funding arrangement has been agreed …… [specific
details to be entered]
13. ____________ [name of the nodal agency] will release the funds in
advance as per payment terms [modify as per applicability]. The
authorized representative of ____________ [name of the nodal agency] will
undertake physical verification and recommend for the release of fund, and
funds will be released for the same. Physical verification and
recommendation for release of fund would be conducted in such a way that
fund is released in time to meet the expenditure of ongoing and necessary
works and continuity is maintained.
19. Green policy 21.7.15 19
14. Funds will be released preferably through online baking, or by
demand draft in the name of _______________. _____________ will open a
savings bank account in any nationalized bank and operate the fund through
that account. Interest accrued on the fund would be utilized if necessary
on the plantation and its maintenance activities with consent of the
__________ [name of the competent official of nodal agency].
15. _________ [name of the nodal agency] will bear the cost escalation
due to increase in minimum daily wage rate announced from time to time
by Government of State [use this clause if applicable].
16. ___________ [Name of the executing agency] will not be responsible
for any damage to plantation due to unforeseen natural calamities like
cyclone, flood, severe drought, etc.
17. Team consisting _________ or his representative and ____________ or
his representative will settle disputes, if any, coming up during execution
of project. The said team may suggest unforeseen changes incidental to
successful and better implementation of the project.
18. ___________ [Name of the nodal agency] will allow the movement of
labourers in plantation area. It will also permit construction of temporary
huts, labour sheds, pipelines, water storage tanks, etc., purely temporary in
natures which are required for raising the plantations. __________ [Name of
the executing agency] will consult ___________ [Name of the nodal agency]
before construction of such temporary structures, and will do so only in
agreement with ___________ [Name of the nodal agency].
19. Any manpower whether from within or without, deployed by
___________ [Name of the executing agency] shall have no relationship of
master and servant with ___________ [Name of the nodal agency], and
___________ [Name of the executing agency] alone shall be solely
responsible for discharging various statutory obligations in regard to such
manpower. Any death or injury to any person deployed by ___________
[Name of the executing agency] shall be the responsibility of ___________
[Name of the executing agency] and ___________ [Name of the nodal
agency] shall not be responsible therefore and shall not be responsible for
any liability whatsoever.
20. Green policy 21.7.15 20
20. ___________ [Name of the executing agency] will hand over the
plantations to ___________ [Name of the nodal agency] in years detailed
below: [please give actual schedule]
[please give actual schedule]
[please give actual schedule]
[please give actual schedule]
Year of raising of plantation
Year of raising of plantation
Year of raising of plantation
Year of raising of plantation Month and year in which plantation
Month and year in which plantation
Month and year in which plantation
Month and year in which plantation
will be handed over to NHAI
will be handed over to NHAI
will be handed over to NHAI
will be handed over to NHAI
First week of April _____
First week of April _____
First week of April _____
___________ [Name of the nodal agency] will maintain the plantation once it
is handed over to them. ___________ [Name of the executing agency] will
not be responsible for any damage of plantation, once it is handed over to
___________ [Name of the nodal agency]. If ___________ [Name of the nodal
agency] wishes to get these plantations maintained further by ___________
[Name of the executing agency], they may approach the ___________
[Name of the executing agency]. The ___________ [Name of the executing
agency] may take up the maintenance works of the plantations on the
mutually agreed term and conditions at that point of time.
21. ___________ [Name of the executing agency] will ensure that the
survival of plants should be 90% at the time of handing over the plantation
to ___________ [Name of the nodal agency]. In case the survival is less
than 90%, casualties will be replaced by the ___________ [Name of the
nodal agency] at their own cost before handing over. The casualties will be
replaced by plants of height not less than the average height of plantation.
Average height of the plants should not be less than height achieved by the
same species growing naturally in that area, except for the reasons beyond
human control.
22. Rates suggested in the project are for budgeting purpose. Amount
unutilized in one item may be utilized for another item within overall budget
limit.
23. The certificate of utilization of funds along with number of
trees/plants surviving will be provided by ___________ [Name of the
executing agency] to ___________ [Name of the nodal agency] after every
six months.
21. Green policy 21.7.15 21
The essence of this MOU is to implement the plantation activity in
the most effective manner using the expertise, knowledge and resources of
both the organizations in furtherance of their common objectives.
This MOU will enter force upon signature by the ______________
___________ [Name of the competent official of nodal agency] and
______________________ ___________ [Name of the competent official of
executing agency].
[N
[N
[N
[Name of the exe
ame of the exe
ame of the exe
ame of the executing agency]
cuting agency]
cuting agency]
cuting agency] [Name of the nodal agency]
[Name of the nodal agency]
[Name of the nodal agency]
[Name of the nodal agency]
22. Green policy 21.7.15 22
Annexure
Annexure
Annexure
Annexure-
-
-
-II
II
II
II
Model TOR for Roadside/Median Plantation
Model TOR for Roadside/Median Plantation
Model TOR for Roadside/Median Plantation
Model TOR for Roadside/Median Plantation
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Amongst various Highway improvement projects being undertaken by
the Government of India and different State Governments, foremost is the
National Highway Development Project (NHDP). There is more than 96000
km long National Highways which are being developed under NHDP. The
first consequence of NH widening, from environmental point of view, is the
inevitable felling of some trees growing along the highways. In the hills and
other fragile environmental settings, much more impacts are expected on
the surroundings. It is the responsibility of the road agencies to offset the
loss of trees, and other changes resulted to the surroundings due to
Highways construction. There is a need to follow the approach of “Green
Corridor Development & Management”, rather than “Highways
Development”. Apart from mitigating the environmental losses, road
agencies must plan to enhance the aesthetics of the highways corridor
from all possible angles. Highways should not be looked upon merely as a
means of transportation, but as an integral part of eco-system and Socio-
economic milieu.
Objective
Objective
Objective
Objective
The main object of Road Side Plantation is to provide protection to
road & traffic passengers, check soil erosion, provide food, fuel, fodder
and timber to the Society and mitigate climate change.MoRTH/NHAI has
taken steps to develop Green Highways throughout the country by
outsourcing the work through the expert agencies/organizations at present.
Contractors and concessionaires are subletting this work to third party in
compliance of the concession agreement. The results however are not
satisfactory. MoRTH/NHAI now aims to develop a parallel protocol for
procurement of plantation agency through completive bidding as per the
standard protocol of MoRTH and National Highways Authority of India,
Govt. of India. In this regards, the technical specification shall be followed
as per “Guidelines of Landscaping and Plantation, IRC-SP:21:2009”.
However where specification is not available, work shall be executed as
per schedule/specification of adjoining forest department. In such cases,he
23. Green policy 21.7.15 23
forest schedule and specification may follow for items and parameters
which are not mentioned in the said guidelines.
Species Avenue Plantation
Species Avenue Plantation
Species Avenue Plantation
Species Avenue Plantation
The executing agency shall plant following species as per
specifications given there to meet the objectives of the plantation in
accordance with the site suitability.
The first and subsequent rows of plantations along the highways
except the last row should be worked out based on the land availability
within the RoW along the various sections. In case of urban and semi-urban
areas, where because of land constraints, only one row of plantation
possible, ornamental species is should be planted instead of shade bearing
species. A combination of ornamental, shade and screening trees have
been recommended. The number of rows and the repetition of the trees
and their type vary with the landscape section, the Typical Cross Section
and the space available in the RoW for tree plantation.
Table 1 and 2 list a few species, which can generally be planted
throughout India for this purpose.
Table 1: Species Recommended for Ist Row of Avenue Plantations
Table 1: Species Recommended for Ist Row of Avenue Plantations
Table 1: Species Recommended for Ist Row of Avenue Plantations
Table 1: Species Recommended for Ist Row of Avenue Plantations
S.NO.
S.NO.
S.NO.
S.NO. SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL BOTANICAL NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL
LOCAL
LOCAL
LOCAL
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
MONTH/
MONTH/
MONTH/
MONTH/
COLOUR
COLOUR
COLOUR
COLOUR
1. Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Loamy soils
Loamy soils
Loamy soils
Loamy soils
Acacia auriculiformis Vilayatibabo
ol
Sept.-Oct./
Yellow
2. Bauhinia sps. Kachnar Feb-Mar./
Pink
3. Cassia fistula Amaltas May /Yellow
4. Cassia nodusa Cassia May-June/
Pink
5. Delonixregia Gulmohar May/ Yellow
6. Jacaranda
mimosaefolia
Jacranda April /Blue
7. Peltophorumferrugin
eum
Peltophorum Oct. /Yellow
8. Water
Water
Water
Water Cordiadicotma Lasoda
24. Green policy 21.7.15 24
S.NO.
S.NO.
S.NO.
S.NO. SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL BOTANICAL NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL
LOCAL
LOCAL
LOCAL
NAME
NAME
NAME
NAME
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
MONTH/
MONTH/
MONTH/
MONTH/
COLOUR
COLOUR
COLOUR
COLOUR
9. logged
logged
logged
logged
areas
areas
areas
areas
Syzygiumcuminii Jamun
10. Terminaliaarjuna Arjun
11. Alkaline
Alkaline
Alkaline
Alkaline
soils [Usar]
soils [Usar]
soils [Usar]
soils [Usar]
Albizzialebbek Kala Siris
12 Pongamiapinnata Kanji
13. Terminaliaarjuna Arjun
Table 2: Species Recommended for 2
Table 2: Species Recommended for 2
Table 2: Species Recommended for 2
Table 2: Species Recommended for 2nd
nd
nd
nd
and subsequent row,
and subsequent row,
and subsequent row,
and subsequent row,
except the last row of Avenue Plantations
except the last row of Avenue Plantations
except the last row of Avenue Plantations
except the last row of Avenue Plantations
1. Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Loamy soils
Loamy soils
Loamy soils
Loamy soils
Albizzialebbek Kala siris
2. Dalbergiasissoo Shisham
3. Gravillearobusta Slver Oak
4. Maliaazadiracta Bakain
5. Pongamiapinnata Kanji
6. Terminaliaarjuna Arjuna
Shade Plants
Shade Plants
Shade Plants
Shade Plants
One of the main objectives of Roadside Avenue is to provide shade.
The shade trees in the last available row should be planted at a spacing of
8-12 mtr. These tree species should be of local significance and should be
mostly evergreen in nature, which ensures no substantial leaf-fall in
winters preventing the problem of blockage of roadside drains. Trees with
the following characteristics will be planted as shade trees:
i. Trees with high crown forms secure better visibility and are
therefore ideal.
ii. Trees that retain their foliage longest are preferred to
deciduous trees
iii. Trees with long gestation period and having rapid growth and a
capacity to resist fungal and insects attack form ideal avenues.
The tree species recommended as shade plants for roadside avenues
are given in Table 3. These species can be planted almost throughout
India.
25. Green policy 21.7.15 25
Table 3: S
Table 3: S
Table 3: S
Table 3: Shade trees recommended for roadside avenues
hade trees recommended for roadside avenues
hade trees recommended for roadside avenues
hade trees recommended for roadside avenues
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL
SOIL SPECIES
SPECIES
SPECIES
SPECIES
LOAMY Local name BOTANICAL NAME
Arjun Termineliaarjuna
Arjun Terminaliaarjuna
Imli Tamarindusindica
WATER
LOGGED AREA
Jamun Syzyniumcuminii
Jamun Syzyniumcuminii
Mahua Madhucaindica
Mango Mangiferaindica
ALKALINE
[USAR]
Neem
Kanji
Azadirachtaindica[ atph up to
8.5]
Pongamiapinnata[ upto 9.0
ph]
Peepal Ficusreligiosa
Paker Ficusinfectoria
Shisam Dalberjiasissoo
Neem Azadirachtaindica
SANDY Shisam Dalbergiasissoo
The above lists represent common species, which can be planted
almost throughout India. Region-wise specific lists have been provided in
the annexure I It is recommended that local experts from the Forest
department and Horticulture department should be consulted before
finalizing the choice of species for a particular stretch.
Species for Median
Species for Median
Species for Median
Species for Median
The shrubs to be planted in the median should be of low or medium
height for prevention of the headlight glare. One to two rows of flowering
shrubs will be provided according to varying width of the median in
different sections. In sections where the median width is less than 1.5m
only grasses turf is proposed. Some herbaceous species may also be
planted as a ground cover, not only on the medians but also on special
landscapes and embankment slopes. The species proposed for the purpose
of turfing/ground cover are: Cynodon dactylon, Cythocline perpurea,
Solanum nigrum, Alternanthera, Chlorophytum, Eupatorium, Wedelia,
26. Green policy 21.7.15 26
Duranta, Portulacca, Ipomea, Pelia cadrii, Beleprone oblongata,
Tradescantia, Asparagus, Opheopogon grass etc. The shrub species
proposed in the median are mainly Bougainvillea and Thevetia nerifolia
(Kaner). However, other suitable species may be planted in consultation
with the local horticulture specialists.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR AVENUE PLANTATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS FOR AVENUE PLANTATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS FOR AVENUE PLANTATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS FOR AVENUE PLANTATIONS
The technical specification for planting 1st
ROW along the Highways
are as follows:-
Ornamental plants (except last row)
Ornamental plants (except last row)
Ornamental plants (except last row)
Ornamental plants (except last row)
Distance from embankment 1.5 mt. away from the toe of
the embankment
Spacingbetween plant to plant 3 mts.
Spacing between rows 3 mts.
Size of the pits 60x60x60 cms (in alkaline soils,
kankar panes to be broken by augur. In
waterlogged areas, mound with height
varying depending on water level)
No. of plants per km 333 X 2
Height of the saplings at the
time of planting
1.5 m to 2 m
11
11
11
11.
.
.
.6
6
6
6.
.
.
.1
1
1
1Shade plants (Last row)
Shade plants (Last row)
Shade plants (Last row)
Shade plants (Last row)
Distance from preceding rows 3.0 mt.
Spacing between plant to plant 8-12 m (6m if high mortality expected)
Size of the pits 60x60x60 cms (in alkaline soils,
kankar panes to be broken by augur. In
waterlogged areas, mound with height
varying depending on water level)
No. of plants per km 84 (167 at 6m spacing)
Height of the saplings at the
time of planting
More than 2 m
Survival percentage of
plantation
90% after replacement of causalities in
first two years. 80% afterwards
Protection measure
Protection measure
Protection measure
Protection measure
The fencing of single row plantations is to be done by using
iron/brick/cement guards or locally available bamboo guards. The fencing
27. Green policy 21.7.15 27
of multiple row plantations should be done preferably by barbed wire. The
description and specifications for protection shall be follow as IRC SP-21,
2009.
The Suggestive Schedule of Work:
The Suggestive Schedule of Work:
The Suggestive Schedule of Work:
The Suggestive Schedule of Work:
The Plantation agency shall perform following year wise/month wise
plantation activities. Changes in the schedule may occur due to changes in
weather pattern or conditions caused by other unforeseen exigencies.
However, activities should be so scheduled they can give the best possible
results in the then prevailing circumstances. [Please include actual
[Please include actual
[Please include actual
[Please include actual
schedule during submission of tender document]
schedule during submission of tender document]
schedule during submission of tender document]
schedule during submission of tender document]
Year
Year
Year
Year Fin.
Fin.
Fin.
Fin.
Year
Year
Year
Year
Month
Month
Month
Month Activities to be done
Activities to be done
Activities to be done
Activities to be done
0 yr. Nov.-
March
Raising nurseries/procuring plants for --- Km.
plantation, land preparation
1st
yr. April-
June
Maintenance of nurseries, land preparation,
procuring FYM and fertilizers.
1st
yr. July-
October
Planting in ----- km. of highway, 3 weeding
cum soil working, application of fertilizer and
pesticide/insecticide, maintenance of
remaining plants in the nursery
1st
yr. Nov.-
March
Watering the plantation 4 times a month,
applying fertilizer and pesticide/insecticide,
raising nurseries/procuring plants for next ---
--- km. of plantation, land preparation for
next year plantation.
2nd
yr. April-
June
Watering the plantation 4 times a month,
maintenance of nurseries, balance land
preparation for plantation to be done during
monsoon, procuring FYM and fertilizers,
application of fertilizer and
pesticide/insecticide.
2nd
yr. July-
October
Planting in ------ km of highway, 3 weeding
cum soil working in current yr. plantation and
2 weeding cum soil working in one yr. old
plantation, application of fertilizer and
pesticide/insecticide, maintenance of
remaining plants in the nursery.
2nd
yr. Nov.-
March
Watering 4 times a month in current year and
3 times a month in one year old plantation,
applying fertilizer and pesticide/insecticide,
28. Green policy 21.7.15 28
raising nurseries/procuring plants for next ---
--- km. of plantation, land preparation for
next year’s plantation
3rd
yr. April-
June
Watering 4 times a month in one year and 3
times a month in two year old plantation,
maintenance of nurseries, balance land
preparation for plantation to be done during
monsoon. Procuring FYM and fertilizer,
application of fertilizer and
pesticide/insecticide.
3rd
yr. July-
October
Planting in ------ km. of highways, 3
weeding cum soil working in current yr.
plantation and 2 weeding cum soil working in
one yr. old plantation, application of fertilizer
and pesticide/insecticide, maintenance of
remaining plants in the nursery.
3rd
yr. Nov.-
March
Watering 4 times a month in current year, 3
times a month in one year and 2 times a month
in two year old plantation, applying fertilizer
and pesticide/insecticide.
4th
yr. April-
June
Watering 3 times a month in current year, 3
times a month in one year and 2 times a month
in two year old plantation, applying fertilizer
and pesticide/insecticide.
4th
yr. July-
October
2 weeding cum soil working in one yr. old
plantation, 1 weeding cum soil working in two
yr. old plantation, applying fertilizer and
pesticide/insecticide.
4th
yr. Nov.,-
March
Watering 3 times a month in one year and 2
times a month in two year old plantation,
applying fertilizer and pesticide/insecticide.
5th
yr April-
June
Watering 3 times a month in current year, 3
times a month in two year and 2 times a month
in three year old plantation, applying fertilizer
and pesticide/insecticide.
5th
yr. July -
October
1 weeding cum soil working in three yr. old
plantation, applying fertilizer and pesticide /
insecticide.
5th
yr. Nov.,-
March
Watering 3 times a month in two year and 2
times a month in three year old plantation,
applying fertilizer and pesticide/insecticide.
6th
yr April-
June
Watering 3 times a month in current year, 3
times a month in three year and 2 times a
month in four year old plantation, applying
fertilizer and pesticide/insecticide.
29. Green policy 21.7.15 29
6th
yr. July -
October
1 weeding cum soil working in four yr. old
plantation, applying fertilizer and pesticide /
insecticide.
6th
yr. Nov.,-
March
Watering 3 times a month in three year and 2
times a month in four year old plantation,
applying fertilizer and pesticide/insecticide.
7th
yr April -
June
Handing over plantation done during -----
i.e. ----- kms. to MoRTH/NHAI,
** Plantation agency shall ensure that the survival should be more than
90% from and onwards 2nd
year and also the average size and growth. The
funds for 2nd
year and subsequent year shall be released after fulfil the said
condition.
General Maintenance of plantation work:
General Maintenance of plantation work:
General Maintenance of plantation work:
General Maintenance of plantation work:
The scope of the contract covers all landscape maintenance work in
respect of existing landscape features which includes plants, shrubbery
beds , topiary and shrubs, trees, in the specified areas, avenue plantation
and then maintenance of ornamental plants and removal of rank vegetation
and bushes etc. within a planted area. The maintenance shall include
watering, manuring, fertilising, plant protection for pests and diseases,
sweeping, weeding, and disposal of garden refuse, cultivation and cutting of
edges, pruning and clipping of hedges, etc. and stacking, minor repair
works and all other landscape operations necessary for the proper growth
for horticulture features and maintaining them in proper standard of
maintenance. The quoted rates will be inclusive of cost of all materials like
water, labour, tools, plants, equipment, transportation, taxes & levies etc.
Contractor/Agency will execute the work as per IRC specification.
However where specification is not available, work shall be executed as
per schedule of adjoin forest department. If the agency fails to arrange the
sufficient quantities of material/ manure /pesticides/manpower/equipment
(in good working condition) required to maintain the work in good condition
within 7 days of its notification, then Owner / Employer reserve the right to
get it arranged at their risk and cost and will charge extra 20% on the
actual expenditure incurred in house or outsource (material, manpower,
machinery. In exceptional cases, RO/PD, MoRTH/NHAI may consider to
extend the time limit mentioned above. The decision of RO/PD,
MoRTH/NHAI shall be final and binding on the contractor in respect of
extension of time for rectification of defects. However, all complaints will
30. Green policy 21.7.15 30
be attended promptly and within the time limit specified by RO/PD,
MoRTH/NHAI
Submission of progress report as per following sched
Submission of progress report as per following sched
Submission of progress report as per following sched
Submission of progress report as per following schedule:
ule:
ule:
ule:
The authorized representative of the plantation agency shall submit
the report as per format with videography. RO of MoRTH/NHAI or
authorized representative of MoRTH/NHAI shall carry out the site visit for
field verification once every quarter to inspect survival, growth and size of
plantation and maintenance of the same. The interim Quarterly Report is
also to be submitted as per the following format within 15 Days from the
end of quarter. The physical verification and recommendation of
RO/MoRTH for the release of fund in time to meet the expenditure of
ongoing and necessary works and continuity is maintained. In this regard,
the project specific Payment Terms & Conditions will also be ensured
Period
Period
Period
Period Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
parameter
parameter
parameter
parameter
Monitoring by
Monitoring by
Monitoring by
Monitoring by
October
[first year]
Survival percent
and size/growth
Team consisting (_______) & ________
March [second
year]
Survival percent
and size/growth
Team consisting (_______) & ________
October
[second year]
Survival percent
and size/growth
Team consisting (_______) & ________
March
[Third year]
Survival percent
and size/growth
Team consisting (_______) & ________
October [Third
year]
Survival percent
and size/growth
Team consisting (_______) & ________
March
[Fourth year]
Survival percent
and size/growth
Team consisting (_______) & ________
October
[Fourth year]
Survival percent
and size/growth
Team consisting (_______) & ________
March
[Fifth year]
Survival percent
and size/growth
Team consisting (_______) & ________
October
[Fifth year]
Survival percent Team consisting (_______) & ________
March
[Sixth year]
Survival percent
and size/growth
Team consisting (_______) & ________
October [Sixth Survival percent Team consisting (_______) & ________
31. Green policy 21.7.15 31
year]
March
[Seventhyear]
Survival percent
and size/growth
Team consisting (_______) & ________
October
[Seventh year]
Survival percent Team consisting (_______) & ________
Equipments:
Equipments:
Equipments:
Equipments: The following equipments to be deployed by the plantation
agency for the 10 km stretch.
Tractor Trolley - 1
Truck mounted with water tanker (10000 lit) - 1
Tractor Attached with water tanker (5000-6000 lit) - 1
(Note:
(Note:
(Note:
(Note: The bidder must produce the documentary evidence in support of
his (owning/leased or rented) for the above equipments).
Technical personnel, Qualifications and Experience will be as follows:
The Technical Personnel are:
S.No. Personnel Min qualification &
Experience
Experience
Required
No. of
persons
1 Horticulturist B.Sc. (Ag)) +
10 year Exp in field
of horticulture
10 year Experience
as horticulturist on
development &
maintenance of
horticulture work
for road projects
1
2 Supervisor B.Sc. (Ag)) + 3
Years Exp. in field
of horticulture
3 year Experience
as horticulturist on
development &
maintenance of
horticulture work
for road projects
1
3 Project
Coordinator
B.Sc. with Botany 2 year Experience
as horticulturist on
development &
maintenance of
horticulture work
for road projects
1
32. Green policy 21.7.15 32
Experience of the Firm
Experience of the Firm
Experience of the Firm
Experience of the Firm –
–
–
– The agency to submit the documentary proof for
successful completion of horticulturist on development & maintenance of
horticulture work for two number of road projects
Project Length
Project Length
Project Length
Project Length- A stretch of 8-10 km or as otherwise suggested by
experts, based on local requirement, will be taken up as one project for
this purpose.
Number of plants per
Number of plants per
Number of plants per
Number of plants per kilometre
kilometre
kilometre
kilometre should be site specific as per availability of
land considering all the safety aspects mentioned in IRC Guidelines. The
details are to be filled by the plantation agency as per format:
One side of highway
One side of highway
One side of highway
One side of highway Both side of highway
Both side of highway
Both side of highway
Both side of highway
i.e. total plants/Km.
i.e. total plants/Km.
i.e. total plants/Km.
i.e. total plants/Km.
First row
Second row
Third row
Last row
Bougainvilleas at
outer chain link
fencing
Median (total plants
per km)
Total
Total
Total
Total
Sometimes, species composition and plantation technique may
change according to site requirement in terms of road alignment, soil type,
and elevation of embankment, climatic variations and availability of area for
plantation.
The Project Coordinator of the plantation agency shall coordinate
with the PD/RO of MoRTH/NHAI on regular basis
Any manpower whether from within or without, deployed by the
___________ [Name of the executing agency] shall have no relationship of
master and servant with ___________ [Name of the nodal agency], and
___________ [Name of the executing agency] alone shall be solely
responsible for discharging various statutory obligations in regard to such
manpower. Any death or injury to any person deployed by ___________
[Name of the executing agency] shall be the responsibility of ___________
[Name of the executing agency] and ___________ [Name of the nodal
33. Green policy 21.7.15 33
agency] shall not be responsible therefor and shall not be responsible for
any liability whatsoever.
The Monitoring Team consisting MoRTH/NHAI_________ or his
representative and the plantation agency ____________ or his representative
will settle disputes, if any, coming up during execution of project. The said
team may suggest unforeseen changes incidental to successful and better
implementation of the project.
MoRTH/NHAI __________ shall allow the movement of labourers in
plantation area or the registered labour/worker of the plantation agency.
The plantation agency may be allowed for construction of temporary huts,
labour sheds, pipelines, water storage tanks, etc., purely temporary in
nature which are required for raising the plantations. __________ [Name of
the executing agency] will consult ___________ [Name of the nodal agency]
before construction of such temporary structures, and will do so only in
agreement with ___________ [Name of the nodal agency]. On duty, all staff
of the executing agency are to wear distinctive standard jackets having
company LOGO, with night visibility. They are to deal with public and
hence should be well trained to be courteous and helpful.
___________ [Name of the plantation agency] will hand over the plantations
to ___________ [Name of the nodal agency] in years detailed below: [please
[please
[please
[please
give actual schedule]
give actual schedule]
give actual schedule]
give actual schedule]
Year of raising of plantation
Year of raising of plantation
Year of raising of plantation
Year of raising of plantation Month and year in which plantation
Month and year in which plantation
Month and year in which plantation
Month and year in which plantation
will be handed over to NHAI
will be handed over to NHAI
will be handed over to NHAI
will be handed over to NHAI
First week of April _____
First week of April _____
First week of April _____
___________ [Name of the executing agency] will ensure that the survival
of plants should be 90% at the time of handing over the plantation to
___________ [Name of the nodal agency]. In case the survival is less than
90%, casualties will be replaced by the ___________ [Name of the nodal
agency] at their own cost before handing over. The casualties will be
replaced by plants of height not less than the average height of plantation.
Average height of the plants should not be less than height achieved by the
34. Green policy 21.7.15 34
same species growing naturally in that area, except for the reasons beyond
human control.
MoRTH/NHAI _________ [Name of the nodal agency] will maintain the
plantation once it is handed over to them. ___________ [Name of the
plantation agency] will not be responsible for any damage of plantation,
once it is handed over to ___________ [Name of the nodal agency]. If
___________ [Name of the nodal agency] wishes to get these plantations
maintained further by ___________ [Name of the plantation agency], they
may approach the ___________ [Name of the executing agency]. The
___________ [Name of the plantation agency] may take up the maintenance
works of the plantations on the mutually agreed term and conditions at that
point of time. The further work shall be awarded with the approval of the
competent authority of the nodal agency (MoRTH/NHAI).
___________ [Name of the Plantation agency] will not be responsible
for any damage to plantation due to unforeseen natural calamities like
cyclone, flood, severe drought, etc.
Rates suggested in the project are for budgeting purpose. Amount
unutilized in one item may be utilized for another item within overall budget
limit.
MOU will enter force upon signature by the ______________
___________ [Name of the competent official of nodal agency] and
______________________ ___________ [Name of the competent official of
plantation agency]. The essence of this MOU is to implement the plantation
activity in the most effective manner using the expertise, knowledge and
resources of both the organizations in furtherance of their common
objectives.(Copy of MOU at annexure-II)
Payme
Payme
Payme
Payment
nt
nt
nt
i) 25% of the total project cost i.e. raising of plantation and 5-years
maintenance as an advance to the successful agencyon furnishing of Bank
Guarantee.
ii) 20% towards First year maintenance after ensuring the survival at
least 90%;
35. Green policy 21.7.15 35
iii) 10% each for the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth year maintenance
(i.e. total 40%) after ensuring the 90% survival with normal growth and size
of the plants;
iv) The balance 15% shall be released during handing-over/taking over
with 90% survival of normal growth and size of plants;
v) Payment shall be released only after the physical verification and
recommendation of PD/RO in time to meet the expenditure of ongoing and
necessary works and continuity is maintained.
____________ [name of the nodal agency] will release the funds in advance
of 25% of the total project cost [modify as per applicability] and the
balance amount in equal instalment after recommendation of nodal agency
at site(, RO/PD, MoRTH/NHAI).
Funds will be released preferably through online baking, or by demand
draft in the name of _____________Plantation agency__. _____________ will
open a savings bank account in any nationalized bank and operate the fund
through that account. Interest accrued on the fund would be utilized if
necessary on the plantation and its maintenance activities with consent of
the __________ [name of the competent official of nodal agency].
There will be no cost escalation due to increase in minimum daily wage
rate announced from time to time by Government of State or rise in rate of
equipments or raw material
[Name of the plantation agency]
[Name of the plantation agency]
[Name of the plantation agency]
[Name of the plantation agency]
Annexure III
Annexure III
Annexure III
Annexure III
36. Green policy 21.7.15 36
MODEL ESTIMATE FOR ROAD SIDE PLANTATION OF 1000 PLANTS/Km.
MODEL ESTIMATE FOR ROAD SIDE PLANTATION OF 1000 PLANTS/Km.
MODEL ESTIMATE FOR ROAD SIDE PLANTATION OF 1000 PLANTS/Km.
MODEL ESTIMATE FOR ROAD SIDE PLANTATION OF 1000 PLANTS/Km.
District--------------------- Block------------------------
Gram Panchayat---------
Plantation on the road---------------from (name of place & Km) ----
----------to (name of place &Km)
S. No. Work Detail
S.No. Item/Work Detail Quantity Rate Amount
1 Excavation of Pits 1000 for 2 m
height sample
60x60x60 Cm
2 Purchase of sample/Nursery
development
1000 samples
3 Developing water source,
Hand pump/ Farm pond
……Km stretch
4 Manure/ Fertilizer/
Insecticide
……Km stretch
5 Maintenance, Watch & Ward
for first 2 years
……Km stretch
6 Maintenance, Watch & Ward
for subsequent 3 years
7 Protection measure with
single
iron/brick/cement/bamboo
guard for single row
1000 plants
8 Protection measure with
barbed wire fencing as per
IRC-Sp-21, 2009 for
multiple row
Per Km
9
10
37. Green policy 21.7.15 37
MODEL ESTIMATE FOR MEDIAN PLANTATION OF 666 PLANTS/Km.
District---------------------, Block------------------------,
Gram Panchayat---------,
Plantation on the road---------------from (name of place & Km) ----
----------to (name of place &Km)
S. No. Work Detail
S.No. Item/Work Detail Quantity Rate Amount
1 Excavation of Pits 666 for 1 m
height sample
30x30x30 Cm
2 Purchase of
sample/Nursery
development
666 samples
3 Developing water source,
Hand pump/ Farm pond
……Km stretch
4 Manure/ Fertilizer/
Insecticide
……Km stretch
5 Maintenance, Watch &
Ward for first 2 years
……Km stretch
6 Maintenance, Watch &
Ward for subsequent 3
years
7
8
9
10