The document discusses mortar and concrete hollow blocks. Mortar is made from a mixture of fine aggregate, water, and cement that is used to bind bricks or stones. Concrete hollow blocks are large rectangular bricks made primarily from cement, sand, and gravel. They have hollow cores which make them lighter and more insulating than solid blocks. The document outlines the production process and advantages of using concrete hollow blocks for construction.
Thermoton hollow blocks are horizontally extruded perforated clay blocks that offer several advantages over traditional construction materials. They have high strength and durability due to being baked at 990 degrees Celsius. Hollow blocks also provide excellent heat and sound insulation because they contain both soil and air. Additionally, hollow blocks are lightweight, which reduces construction costs and time. Thermoton blocks meet high quality standards and provide long-lasting, environmentally friendly construction.
A concrete block is primarily used as a building material in the construction of walls. There are different types of concrete blocks which uses in different purpose. Have a look at some major types of concrete blocks which are used in building constructions.
Hi readers, this time we talked about concrete but shortly, enough information to understand about concrete block. Here we compare to brick in some point. But if you want full information about concrete block you can read this report from this link👇
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/AliRizgar/concret-block-full-information
Hollow concrete blocks are large rectangular bricks used in construction. They are made from Portland cement, aggregate like sand and gravel, and have one or more hollow cores, making them over 50% solid. Standard blocks come in full and half sizes, with full blocks being rectangular with two cores and half blocks being cubical with one core. The manufacturing process involves mixing raw materials, molding blocks, vibrating and compacting, curing and drying, and packing. Hollow blocks provide benefits like durability, low maintenance, fire resistance, insulation, cost effectiveness, and being environmentally friendly.
The document discusses mortar and concrete hollow blocks. Mortar is made from a mixture of fine aggregate, water, and cement that is used to bind bricks or stones. Concrete hollow blocks are large rectangular bricks made primarily from cement, sand, and gravel. They have hollow cores which make them lighter and more insulating than solid blocks. The document outlines the production process and advantages of using concrete hollow blocks for construction.
Thermoton hollow blocks are horizontally extruded perforated clay blocks that offer several advantages over traditional construction materials. They have high strength and durability due to being baked at 990 degrees Celsius. Hollow blocks also provide excellent heat and sound insulation because they contain both soil and air. Additionally, hollow blocks are lightweight, which reduces construction costs and time. Thermoton blocks meet high quality standards and provide long-lasting, environmentally friendly construction.
A concrete block is primarily used as a building material in the construction of walls. There are different types of concrete blocks which uses in different purpose. Have a look at some major types of concrete blocks which are used in building constructions.
Hi readers, this time we talked about concrete but shortly, enough information to understand about concrete block. Here we compare to brick in some point. But if you want full information about concrete block you can read this report from this link👇
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/AliRizgar/concret-block-full-information
Hollow concrete blocks are large rectangular bricks used in construction. They are made from Portland cement, aggregate like sand and gravel, and have one or more hollow cores, making them over 50% solid. Standard blocks come in full and half sizes, with full blocks being rectangular with two cores and half blocks being cubical with one core. The manufacturing process involves mixing raw materials, molding blocks, vibrating and compacting, curing and drying, and packing. Hollow blocks provide benefits like durability, low maintenance, fire resistance, insulation, cost effectiveness, and being environmentally friendly.
Concrete and concrete blocks are materials commonly used for retaining walls. Concrete is composed of aggregates bonded together with cement, while concrete blocks come in solid, hollow, or interlocking forms. Concrete blocks can be used for load-bearing or decorative applications such as retaining walls, siding, and homes. Retaining walls are structures that hold soil and come in various materials like concrete blocks, poured concrete, or stone. Their thickness decreases as they ascend to support the changing pressures of retained soil. Reinforcement is often included to strengthen retaining walls against heavy loads.
This document discusses bricks and blocks as building materials. It describes the manufacturing process, properties, uses, and innovations for both. Bricks are made from clay soils and can be unburnt or burnt. They are used widely in construction for walls, foundations, bridges, and paving. Blocks are an alternative to bricks made from concrete. The document outlines different types of blocks and their manufacturing process. Blocks are used for walls, floors, and other construction due to their cost effectiveness and ease of use.
The document discusses various cost-effective construction techniques that can be used in India to reduce building costs. Some techniques mentioned include using stabilized compressed earth blocks, fly ash bricks, rat-trap bond brickwork, filler slabs for roofs, and replacing concrete lintels with brick arches. Adopting these alternative materials and construction methods can save 15-40% on building costs while still providing durable structures. Proper selection of materials suited to the local area is important for developing cost-effective construction techniques.
This document summarizes a seminar on advanced materials for construction. It discusses common building stones like basalt and granite used in foundations. It describes the composition and types of bricks, including acid resistant and engineering bricks. It outlines the types of cement like Portland and types of tiles like ceramic and concrete used in construction. It discusses the advantages of glass cladding for buildings in providing beauty, insulation, and energy efficiency. The seminar provided an overview of important construction materials.
This document provides information on block work systems (IBS) used in construction, including:
1. It describes the manufacturing process of block work systems which involves mixing, molding, curing, and cubing of concrete blocks.
2. The advantages of block work systems are that they are durable, can be constructed entirely on-site, have professionals that are easy to find locally, and have a high thermal mass for insulation.
3. The disadvantages include limited insulation capability compared to other materials, slower construction speeds, risk of settlement cracks, inability to construct during severe weather, and potential for dampness if cavities are not sealed properly.
4. A case study of a secondary school in
Cement and concrete blocks are alternative materials for masonry construction. Concrete blocks have a glossier finish and higher strength than cement blocks but are more expensive with greater dead weight. Blocks come in solid, hollow, and cellular forms and various dimensions. Using blocks requires less mortar and construction time than other materials like bricks, resulting in lower costs. Proper storage, testing of strength and dimensions, and reinforcement of the blocks can improve durability. Aluminium is also used for partitions and has an aesthetic appearance while being light, durable, and reusable.
This document provides information on various low cost building components that can be used for construction. It discusses precast solid cement concrete blocks, precast concrete stone masonry blocks, hollow and solid lightweight concrete masonry units, precast reinforced concrete door and window frames, ferrocement roofing channels, and other components. These alternative materials provide benefits like reduced cost, improved strength and durability, thermal efficiency, and environmental sustainability compared to traditional building materials.
This document discusses thermal insulation in buildings. It explains that heat flows from warmer to cooler areas, and that building materials can impact heat transfer. Insulation keeps indoor spaces cooler in summer and warmer in winter, reducing energy costs. Common insulation materials include slabs, blankets, boards and reflective sheets. Proper insulation of roofs, walls, windows and doors according to their orientation can improve a building's thermal performance.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON BEHAVIOR OF SHEAR WALL ASSEMBLED WITH INTERLOCK...IAEME Publication
This study describes the development of a new type of interlocking concrete
masonry block to reduce weight based on topological optimization and new design
pattern of experiments. The Concrete block wall is easily stacked and placed.
Interlocking mortar less concrete block wall system was developed as a new structural
component for masonry building construction. The interlocking mortar less block
system will reduce the time and cost of construction. A new pattern was designed for
Interlocking concrete block acting as the load bearing wall system is different from the
block units are interconnected through the interlocking block. Hollow concrete blocks
are produced to achieve the reduction in weight and to improve strength. The concrete
blocks were shaped by certain design pattern which can align horizontally and
vertically. Experimental done results obtained structural behaving well under
compressive load.
Alternate Building Materials,Alternative Construction Technology and Rain Wat...Rajesh Kolli
The Core of any construction project is its design and at basic level is the materials used.
During the first phase of civilization we used the raw material such as leaves, branches and animal hides for the construction but with increase in our intellect we started improvising other materials such as stone, clay and timber.
With growing time we developed other materials such as brick and concrete, these materials went under great change and stayed till date from the starting of Egyptian civilisation to the present one.
The sudden change in the palate for construction was marked by the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION giving birth to various materials such as metals, glass and steel. It gave rise to many new technologies.
After the industrial revolution many materials had come up over these years. Such as PVC and plastics , many types of concrete like ferrocrete & precast, GRF etc. even now lot of researches are going on new materials and about increasing the efficiency of earlier one.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Porotherm Bricksbuiltify
Porotherm clay bricks have several advantages over traditional clay bricks including better thermal insulation, sound insulation, lighter weight, faster construction, and higher compressive strength. They help maintain a more comfortable indoor temperature and reduce energy costs. However, porotherm bricks also have the disadvantage of not being suitable for large structures or areas with high water tables due to their lower density.
Latest Contemporary Construction Techniques and Materialsanishanaidu13
Please contact at anisha13naidu@gmail.com for the ppt and I will send it to you.
Latest building materials and technologies being used in development of hitech buildings in contemporary architecture of cities today
Fly ash bricks are manufactured using fly ash, lime, quarry dust, and gypsum. These materials are mixed together and formed into bricks using hydraulic brick making machines. The bricks are then dried and cured for 14 days before testing and sorting. Fly ash bricks have several advantages over traditional clay bricks such as uniform appearance, higher strength, lighter weight, lower water absorption, and better thermal and acoustic insulation. They also help reduce environmental pollution by using an industrial waste product.
Guidelines for construction of masonry with siporexPriya Raj
The document provides guidelines for the construction of masonry walls using Siporex blocks. It details the sizes and specifications of available Siporex blocks, guidelines for stacking and storing blocks, and instructions for laying blocks in mortar and adding reinforcement around openings. It also discusses plastering, painting, attaching fixtures, and techniques to prevent cracking in the masonry walls.
Quality of construction material and durability of homebuiltify
Quality is an important factor in construction process. It depends upon the material used in construction process which ultimately affects the durability of home.
The document discusses low-cost and eco-friendly building materials. It introduces traditional materials like stone, cement, brick, and steel. It then discusses more sustainable alternatives like lime-sand bricks, paper bricks, masonry with rice husk ash, and zero cement blocks that use recycled materials. The document also mentions more sustainable cement options like Calera green cement and the use of recycled materials in road construction like reclaimed asphalt, plastic waste, and mine waste. The overall goal is to reduce costs and pollution from conventional building materials.
Introduction to Interlocking bricks.
Composition and Manufacturing of Interlocking bricks.
Interlocking Bricks with their application in Civil Engineering.
Types/Design of Interlocking bricks used in Civil Engineering.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Interlocking bricks.
Many building materials are used for construction and different methods are followed. Each of these building materials has a unique embodied energy. Out of these materials, Roofing material constitute one of the major energy consuming components of the building. Effective utilization of available energy and its conservation is global challenge. For a developing country like India, the increasing demand of energy has created a scope for the study embodied energy of alternative roofing technique and their advantages for the sustainable building construction. The total embodied energy of a building can be reduced significantly by using alternate roofing technique such as RCC Filler slab which has lower embodied energy value.
Filler slab technology is a simple and a very innovative technology for a slab construction. The filler slab is based on the principle that for roofs which are simply supported, the upper part of the slab is subjected to compressive forces and the lower part of the slab experience tensile forces. Concrete is very good in withstanding compressive forces and steel bears the load due to tensile forces. Thus the lower tensile region of the slab does not need any concrete except for holding the steel reinforcements together. Hence concrete in the bottom region of solid RCC slab is replaced by an energy efficient and cost effective material. With reduced consumption of building material for roofing, the cost of the building can be reduced predominantly.
Late Shri Sanat Mehta's low cost house at gandhinagar, indiaShirish Avrani
An attempt to bridge the gap between vernacular and modernity.
A low cost house for Late Shri Sanat Mehta ( Ex. Finance Minister of Gujarat ) at Gandhinagar, India, 1994
Concrete and concrete blocks are materials commonly used for retaining walls. Concrete is composed of aggregates bonded together with cement, while concrete blocks come in solid, hollow, or interlocking forms. Concrete blocks can be used for load-bearing or decorative applications such as retaining walls, siding, and homes. Retaining walls are structures that hold soil and come in various materials like concrete blocks, poured concrete, or stone. Their thickness decreases as they ascend to support the changing pressures of retained soil. Reinforcement is often included to strengthen retaining walls against heavy loads.
This document discusses bricks and blocks as building materials. It describes the manufacturing process, properties, uses, and innovations for both. Bricks are made from clay soils and can be unburnt or burnt. They are used widely in construction for walls, foundations, bridges, and paving. Blocks are an alternative to bricks made from concrete. The document outlines different types of blocks and their manufacturing process. Blocks are used for walls, floors, and other construction due to their cost effectiveness and ease of use.
The document discusses various cost-effective construction techniques that can be used in India to reduce building costs. Some techniques mentioned include using stabilized compressed earth blocks, fly ash bricks, rat-trap bond brickwork, filler slabs for roofs, and replacing concrete lintels with brick arches. Adopting these alternative materials and construction methods can save 15-40% on building costs while still providing durable structures. Proper selection of materials suited to the local area is important for developing cost-effective construction techniques.
This document summarizes a seminar on advanced materials for construction. It discusses common building stones like basalt and granite used in foundations. It describes the composition and types of bricks, including acid resistant and engineering bricks. It outlines the types of cement like Portland and types of tiles like ceramic and concrete used in construction. It discusses the advantages of glass cladding for buildings in providing beauty, insulation, and energy efficiency. The seminar provided an overview of important construction materials.
This document provides information on block work systems (IBS) used in construction, including:
1. It describes the manufacturing process of block work systems which involves mixing, molding, curing, and cubing of concrete blocks.
2. The advantages of block work systems are that they are durable, can be constructed entirely on-site, have professionals that are easy to find locally, and have a high thermal mass for insulation.
3. The disadvantages include limited insulation capability compared to other materials, slower construction speeds, risk of settlement cracks, inability to construct during severe weather, and potential for dampness if cavities are not sealed properly.
4. A case study of a secondary school in
Cement and concrete blocks are alternative materials for masonry construction. Concrete blocks have a glossier finish and higher strength than cement blocks but are more expensive with greater dead weight. Blocks come in solid, hollow, and cellular forms and various dimensions. Using blocks requires less mortar and construction time than other materials like bricks, resulting in lower costs. Proper storage, testing of strength and dimensions, and reinforcement of the blocks can improve durability. Aluminium is also used for partitions and has an aesthetic appearance while being light, durable, and reusable.
This document provides information on various low cost building components that can be used for construction. It discusses precast solid cement concrete blocks, precast concrete stone masonry blocks, hollow and solid lightweight concrete masonry units, precast reinforced concrete door and window frames, ferrocement roofing channels, and other components. These alternative materials provide benefits like reduced cost, improved strength and durability, thermal efficiency, and environmental sustainability compared to traditional building materials.
This document discusses thermal insulation in buildings. It explains that heat flows from warmer to cooler areas, and that building materials can impact heat transfer. Insulation keeps indoor spaces cooler in summer and warmer in winter, reducing energy costs. Common insulation materials include slabs, blankets, boards and reflective sheets. Proper insulation of roofs, walls, windows and doors according to their orientation can improve a building's thermal performance.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON BEHAVIOR OF SHEAR WALL ASSEMBLED WITH INTERLOCK...IAEME Publication
This study describes the development of a new type of interlocking concrete
masonry block to reduce weight based on topological optimization and new design
pattern of experiments. The Concrete block wall is easily stacked and placed.
Interlocking mortar less concrete block wall system was developed as a new structural
component for masonry building construction. The interlocking mortar less block
system will reduce the time and cost of construction. A new pattern was designed for
Interlocking concrete block acting as the load bearing wall system is different from the
block units are interconnected through the interlocking block. Hollow concrete blocks
are produced to achieve the reduction in weight and to improve strength. The concrete
blocks were shaped by certain design pattern which can align horizontally and
vertically. Experimental done results obtained structural behaving well under
compressive load.
Alternate Building Materials,Alternative Construction Technology and Rain Wat...Rajesh Kolli
The Core of any construction project is its design and at basic level is the materials used.
During the first phase of civilization we used the raw material such as leaves, branches and animal hides for the construction but with increase in our intellect we started improvising other materials such as stone, clay and timber.
With growing time we developed other materials such as brick and concrete, these materials went under great change and stayed till date from the starting of Egyptian civilisation to the present one.
The sudden change in the palate for construction was marked by the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION giving birth to various materials such as metals, glass and steel. It gave rise to many new technologies.
After the industrial revolution many materials had come up over these years. Such as PVC and plastics , many types of concrete like ferrocrete & precast, GRF etc. even now lot of researches are going on new materials and about increasing the efficiency of earlier one.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Porotherm Bricksbuiltify
Porotherm clay bricks have several advantages over traditional clay bricks including better thermal insulation, sound insulation, lighter weight, faster construction, and higher compressive strength. They help maintain a more comfortable indoor temperature and reduce energy costs. However, porotherm bricks also have the disadvantage of not being suitable for large structures or areas with high water tables due to their lower density.
Latest Contemporary Construction Techniques and Materialsanishanaidu13
Please contact at anisha13naidu@gmail.com for the ppt and I will send it to you.
Latest building materials and technologies being used in development of hitech buildings in contemporary architecture of cities today
Fly ash bricks are manufactured using fly ash, lime, quarry dust, and gypsum. These materials are mixed together and formed into bricks using hydraulic brick making machines. The bricks are then dried and cured for 14 days before testing and sorting. Fly ash bricks have several advantages over traditional clay bricks such as uniform appearance, higher strength, lighter weight, lower water absorption, and better thermal and acoustic insulation. They also help reduce environmental pollution by using an industrial waste product.
Guidelines for construction of masonry with siporexPriya Raj
The document provides guidelines for the construction of masonry walls using Siporex blocks. It details the sizes and specifications of available Siporex blocks, guidelines for stacking and storing blocks, and instructions for laying blocks in mortar and adding reinforcement around openings. It also discusses plastering, painting, attaching fixtures, and techniques to prevent cracking in the masonry walls.
Quality of construction material and durability of homebuiltify
Quality is an important factor in construction process. It depends upon the material used in construction process which ultimately affects the durability of home.
The document discusses low-cost and eco-friendly building materials. It introduces traditional materials like stone, cement, brick, and steel. It then discusses more sustainable alternatives like lime-sand bricks, paper bricks, masonry with rice husk ash, and zero cement blocks that use recycled materials. The document also mentions more sustainable cement options like Calera green cement and the use of recycled materials in road construction like reclaimed asphalt, plastic waste, and mine waste. The overall goal is to reduce costs and pollution from conventional building materials.
Introduction to Interlocking bricks.
Composition and Manufacturing of Interlocking bricks.
Interlocking Bricks with their application in Civil Engineering.
Types/Design of Interlocking bricks used in Civil Engineering.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Interlocking bricks.
Many building materials are used for construction and different methods are followed. Each of these building materials has a unique embodied energy. Out of these materials, Roofing material constitute one of the major energy consuming components of the building. Effective utilization of available energy and its conservation is global challenge. For a developing country like India, the increasing demand of energy has created a scope for the study embodied energy of alternative roofing technique and their advantages for the sustainable building construction. The total embodied energy of a building can be reduced significantly by using alternate roofing technique such as RCC Filler slab which has lower embodied energy value.
Filler slab technology is a simple and a very innovative technology for a slab construction. The filler slab is based on the principle that for roofs which are simply supported, the upper part of the slab is subjected to compressive forces and the lower part of the slab experience tensile forces. Concrete is very good in withstanding compressive forces and steel bears the load due to tensile forces. Thus the lower tensile region of the slab does not need any concrete except for holding the steel reinforcements together. Hence concrete in the bottom region of solid RCC slab is replaced by an energy efficient and cost effective material. With reduced consumption of building material for roofing, the cost of the building can be reduced predominantly.
Late Shri Sanat Mehta's low cost house at gandhinagar, indiaShirish Avrani
An attempt to bridge the gap between vernacular and modernity.
A low cost house for Late Shri Sanat Mehta ( Ex. Finance Minister of Gujarat ) at Gandhinagar, India, 1994
1) The document provides an overview of various low-cost construction techniques developed by HUDCO, including mud block structures, wattle and daub units, rat trap bond brick construction, brick panel houses, bamboo houses, and ferrocement channel units.
2) Key features of each technique are described, such as using locally available materials like mud, bamboo, and brick in innovative ways to reduce costs. Construction processes for foundations, walls, roofs, and more are outlined for several techniques.
3) The techniques aim to provide affordable housing solutions using sustainable materials and methods. Descriptions emphasize using locally sourced materials, minimizing energy and resource usage, and promoting livelihoods.
The document discusses several alternate wall technologies:
- Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panels (GFRG) which are strong load-bearing panels made of gypsum reinforced with glass fiber. They provide more floor space and lower construction costs than conventional methods.
- Concrete Insulated Walls which use insulating concrete forms that are filled with concrete to create strong, energy efficient walls.
- Ferrocement walls which are a type of thin reinforced concrete wall reinforced with layers of wire mesh and rebar that saves on materials.
- Straw bale walls which provide excellent insulation using straw bales stacked and plastered over for a renewable and low-impact building material.
- Rammed earth walls constructed by compact
Formwork is used as a temporary mold for pouring concrete that will harden into the desired structural shape. There are various types of formwork classified by material (timber, plywood, steel, aluminum, plastic, magnesium) or purpose (slab formwork, beam formwork, column formwork). Proper formwork design is important to withstand loads, retain shape, prevent leakage, and allow removal without damage to concrete. The order and method of removing formwork is also important for safety.
It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
formwork for concrete slab
beam formwork
steel formwork
doka h20
types of formwork
formwork for concrete
what is formwork in construction
building formwork
plywood disadvantages
advantage plywood
advantages and disadvantages of wood
best plywood for formwork
plywood formwork for concrete
mdf advantages and disadvantages
examples of advantages and disadvantages
advantage steel and construction
advantages of steel
disadvantages of steel structures
examples of advantages and disadvantages
advantages and disadvantages of surveys
wiki advantages and disadvantages
steel formwork design
steel formwork system
one of the important activities in construction work is brickwork. this presentation gives a brief outlook of brickwork masonry and plastering and waterproofing.
What is pointing?
Scope of pointing
Method of pointing
What is plastering?
Objective of plastering
Lime plaster
Cement plaster
Gypsum plaster (plaster of Paris)
Water proof plaster of Mortar
Heat resistant plasters
Defects in plastering
1.Stretcher bond
2.Header bond
3.English bond and
4.Flemish bond.
This document provides information on common types of construction materials used for flooring in India. It discusses clay tiles, ceramic tiles, vitrified tiles, mosaic floors, marble floors, granite floors, concrete floors and various natural stone floors. For each type, it describes what they are made of, their properties, advantages, disadvantages and common applications. It also provides details on the manufacturing process for tiles, pavers blocks and laying different types of flooring.
Bricks are manufactured through one of four processes - molded, extruded, pressed, or hand-formed. The manufacturing process involves preparing raw clay materials, forming the bricks, drying them, and firing them in kilns. Different types of bricks include mud bricks, mud-cement bricks, burnt bricks, and cement blocks. Bricks have a variety of structural and decorative uses in buildings, furnaces, pavements, and other construction.
This document provides information about epoxy flooring. It begins by defining epoxy as a durable material made from mixing chemical compounds. Epoxy flooring involves applying an epoxy coating to concrete floors to provide a smooth, protective surface. The coating consists of resins and hardeners with additives to control properties like abrasion resistance and curing time. Epoxy floors are commonly used in industrial and commercial settings due to their durability and ability to withstand impacts, chemicals, and heavy loads. Different types of epoxy floors and their applications are described, along with the installation process and advantages like easy cleaning and slip resistance. Potential disadvantages like toxic fumes during curing and high installation costs are
Artificial Construction Materials- A beginners presentationPrashant P
Artificial Construction Materials- Materials including commonly used ones as well as new in the industry. Basic Presentation for beginners in the civil engineering field. I had prepared this in the first year of my diploma course.
The document discusses various low-cost housing construction techniques that can reduce costs through the use of locally available materials and labor-saving technologies. Some key techniques mentioned include using compressed earth blocks, rat-trap bond cavity walls, ferrocement channels, post and beam construction with straw infill, and prefabricated wall panels. The document also outlines the stages of construction for technologies like stabilized earth bricks that use interlocking dry-stacked bricks that require minimal skilled labor. Overall, the focus is on identifying construction methods that lower costs through efficient designs and local, sustainable materials.
This document discusses various types of flooring materials used in building construction including their properties and construction methods. Some key flooring materials mentioned are mud, brick, flagstone, cement concrete, mosaic, tile, marble, wood, rubber, and glass. For each type, the document outlines the material's characteristics like cost, appearance, durability, insulation, ease of maintenance and typical applications. Proper preparation of the base or sub-grade is also emphasized before installing different flooring options.
Bricks are one of the oldest manufactured building materials. They are made by molding clay into blocks and drying and burning them. Bricks have several advantages such as variety of color/shape/texture, durability, strength, and availability. They are lighter than stones.
There are various tests conducted on bricks to check qualities like water absorption, crushing strength, hardness, presence of soluble salts, size, shape, soundness, and structure. Bricks are used widely in structural construction as well as decoratively. Good bricks are uniform in size/shape with sharp edges, give a clear ringing sound, and absorb less than 20% water. Various types of bricks include burnt bricks classified by quality, and special types like
Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water that hardens into a building material. It is the second most consumed substance on Earth after water. Concrete is made by mixing cement and water to form a paste that is then mixed with fine and coarse aggregates. The paste coats the surface of the aggregates and binds them together into a rock-like mass once hardened. Concrete's strength comes from reinforcement like steel bars for buildings and structures.
The document discusses reinforced cement concrete (RCC), including its history, materials, specifications, and advantages/disadvantages. RCC uses steel reinforcement embedded in concrete to resist tensile, shear, and sometimes compressive stresses. François Coignet is considered a pioneer of RCC, building the first reinforced concrete structure in 1853. Proper proportions and mixing of cement, aggregates like sand and gravel, and water are needed to produce durable concrete. Precast concrete involves casting pieces off-site then transporting them for assembly.
Materials & Methods of Construction - CE145Saqib Imran
This document provides a detailed classification of different types of bricks based on various factors such as quality, manufacturing process, raw materials, intended use, weather resistance, and shape. It identifies several classes of bricks including first, second, and third class bricks based on quality standards. It also discusses different types of bricks such as burnt clay bricks, fly ash clay bricks, concrete bricks, sand-lime bricks, and firebricks which vary according to their raw material composition. Bricks are further classified based on factors like intended location of use, weather resistance requirements, and special shapes required for applications like rounded edges, air circulation, drainage, and wall capping.
Similar to Alternative Building Technology and Materials (20)
The document discusses urban planning and new urbanism principles. It summarizes Paolo Soleri's Arcosanti, an experimental urban planning project in Arizona that aims to embody the principles of arcology - the fusion of architecture and ecology. The key goals of arcology include increasing density and compactness to minimize environmental impact. New urbanism is also summarized as a movement promoting walkable, diverse neighborhoods with mixed uses. Its principles include walkability, connectivity, density and mixed housing. Traffic and road networks are classified, including different transport systems like rail, road, water and air transport. Road types and traffic surveys are also defined.
The document provides information on several green buildings that have achieved certification under rating systems like GRIHA and LEED. It discusses the passive and active design strategies implemented in buildings like the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan in Delhi, Centre for Environmental Sciences & Engineering at IIT Kanpur, Anna Centenary Library in Chennai and ITC Green Centre in Gurgaon that have enabled them to minimize energy and water consumption and obtain high ratings. These strategies include optimal orientation, daylighting, natural ventilation, renewable energy systems, water harvesting and efficient HVAC and lighting designs.
This document discusses laminates and veneers. It begins by describing the manufacturing process of laminates, which involves layering different papers soaked in resins and pressing them together under heat and pressure. It then discusses the advantages of laminates like their durability and ease of cleaning. Veneers are described as thin wood slices glued to panels. The veneer manufacturing process involves slicing, peeling, grading, and pressing wood logs. Veneers provide aesthetic wood looks at low cost and allow for wood utilization. Popular laminate and veneer brands and their typical pricing are also listed.
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using technologies like solar heating, photovoltaics, and solar thermal energy. It is categorized as either passive solar techniques that don't require equipment or active solar techniques like solar panels and concentrated solar power. The potential for solar energy depends on factors like geography, time of day, cloud cover, and available land area. Examples of large solar energy projects highlighted include a planned sustainable education building in the Netherlands with a large solar roof, NREL's zero energy research facility in Colorado with transpired solar collectors, and Welspun's 150 MW solar power plant in India, one of the largest in Asia.
Pre-engineered buildings are factory-built steel structures that are shipped to sites in pieces and bolted together for quick assembly. They are rectangular structures enclosed in corrugated metal sheeting. PEB construction is fast because foundations are poured while factory fabrication occurs. PEBs have primary and secondary structural elements, roof/wall panels, and accessories. They provide benefits like reduced construction time, lower costs, flexibility for expansion, large clear spans, quality control, and energy efficiency. However, they also have disadvantages like corrosion sensitivity, added insulation costs, and limited design customization. PEBs are commonly used for warehouses, factories, workshops, and other industrial and commercial buildings.
Plastic is a synthetic material made from organic polymers that can be molded into various shapes. There are two main types of plastics: thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. Plastics have various advantages such as being lightweight, corrosion resistant, and inexpensive to produce. However, they also have disadvantages like being non-renewable, potentially causing cancer, and producing toxic fumes when burned. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a versatile, cost-efficient thermoplastic with good properties for packaging and labeling. Polycarbonate is a tough, transparent plastic used for various applications because of its strength, optical clarity, and impact resistance. Fiber-reinforced plastics combine polymers with strong fibers and are
St Paul's Cathedral in London is an Anglican cathedral designed by Sir Christopher Wren in the late Renaissance/Baroque style. It is located on Ludgate Hill and has been the seat of the Bishop of London since the 7th century. Some notable features include its large dome that weighs over 66,000 tons, multiple interior galleries like the Whispering Gallery that have unusual acoustics, and numerous memorials and burials including Christopher Wren. The cathedral has hosted important royal ceremonies and its architecture, artifacts, and library continue to make it a significant religious and cultural site in London.
This document summarizes the Aranya Housing project located 6 km from Indore, MP, India. The 100,000 sqm project was completed in 1989 with a budget of 100 million rupees. It was designed to provide serviced residential plots for 6,500 homes of various sizes for different income groups. The neighborhood concept was inspired by existing slums and included mixed land use, small neighborhoods, shops within congested areas, and trees in public spaces. The site planning followed a central spine layout with six sectors to segregate vehicles and pedestrians while distributing built and unbuilt spaces. Climate-responsive features oriented buildings for ventilation and shaded outdoor spaces.
Kanchenjunga Apartments is a 32-story residential skyscraper built in Bombay, India between 1970-1983. Designed by architect Charles Correa to respond to Bombay's hot, humid climate, it features double-height garden terraces on each apartment that are oriented away from the sun for protection. The central concrete core houses elevators, utilities, and provides the building's main support structure. The building's interlocking apartment designs are expressed externally by shear end walls that hold up cantilevered open spaces, providing cross ventilation to residents.
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3. ‘I’ Shape Lintels
Interlocking
Compressed
stabilized mud
blocks
Blocks of different size
• Can be produced on site.
• Mortar less masonry.
• No paint to be used as it gives out its
natural color.
• No curing is required.
• G+2 load bearing construction possible
• Pre stressed.
• Tested before used.
• Makes it easier for
placing conduits.
• 3 mm steel
reinforcement is
used
4. • No smell
• Gives a natural look
• Grooves for plumbing and for electric conduits are easy to make .
• Reduces 25% of material and gives sound insulation if rat trap bond is
used
5. Arch Roof Panels
• Minimum Reinforcement of size
3-6mm is used.
• Joints can be concealed with a
cement plaster or mud plaster.
6. Precast Cantilever Steps
• They are pre manufactured and can be
easily assembled.
• Minimum reinforcement of 6-12mm is
used.
• Aggregates of finer particles and
smaller sizes are used.
• Its more like a Ferro cement mixture
without mesh but with reinforcements.
• They are cured for 7 to 14 days.
7. Spiral stairs
• Minimum 6mm steel
reinforcement is used.
• 4 mm GI wiring is used to tie
the reinforcements.
• No need of centering as it takes
the shape of the mould.
8. • Kadapa slabs are used.
• They can be used as the
roof.
• If used for roof
centering can be
avoided.
• It reduces usage of steel
and concrete.
• Can also be used as
slab to cover the
sump or STP along
with provided
reinforcements.
• Used for plinth of a
structure.
9. Micro concrete roof tiles
• Micro Concrete is a mixture of cement and very fine
aggregates.
• Achieves strength in less time.
10. • These Micro concrete roof tiles are stocked and sold or
used for the construction.
• These are tested before use. Can be manufactured at site
but had to be given time to set down and get the shape.
14. Mud Blocks with waste tile pieces can
be used for aesthetic purpose.
15. Rain water Harvesting system
• Only the First flush has to
released (usually to plants)
• The water goes through three
courses of sand and stones of
different thickness.
• When water passes through these
courses its filtered automatically.
• When the tank above is full it is
sent to recharge the ground
water.
16. • Jali blocks can be used for pavements/ Portico.
• Mud can be filled and where there is a chance for the growth of
the plants.
Jali block windows with a
different pattern.