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Greece
- 1. Classical Greece The Next Stop on our Journey through the Age of Empires
- 2. ● Numerous mountains ○ Mt. Olympus (9500 ft) ○ separated cities ○ divided cultures ○ dependence on the sea ● Peninsular ○ Peloponnesus ■ Sparta Geographical Impact
- 3. Division of Continents ● Strait of Bosporus ○ Istanbul ■ Darius’ Bridge ■ Pontoons ● Hellespont ○ Dardanelles ■ Xerxes’ Bridge ■ Pontoons
- 4. ● Aegean Sea ● Ionian Sea ● Mediterranean ● Crete ○ Minoans Maritime Societies
- 5. ● Arthur Evans ○ British ● Minoans ○ King Minos ○ Knossos ● Destruction ○ Thera ○ Mycenae Crete(Island)
- 6. ● Heinrich Schliemann ○ German Archaeologist-1870s ○ Found City of Troy ● King Agamemnon ○ Brother of Menelaus ■ Spartan ○ Trojan War ■ Helen of Troy Mycenae
- 7. ● Very few historical records ● People began to migrate to islands ○ Drop in population and food production ● Homer ○ The Iliad ■ Achilles ○ The Odyssey ■ Odysseus The Dark Age of Greece
- 8. How did epic poems help to establish the Greek concept of arete? Check for understanding
- 9. ● polis (modern English - politics) ○ Citizens with political rights (adult males) ○ Citizens without political rights (women/children) ○ Non-citizens (slaves and resident aliens) ● Military ○ hoplites ■ phalanx Greek ‘City-States’
- 10. ● Byzantium (at the Strait of Bosporus) ○ A.K.A - Constantinople ○ Modern day - Istanbul Greek Colonies
- 11. A Change in Leadership Aristocracy Tryanny Democracy
- 12. Check for Understanding How did an aristocracy lead to tyranny and ultimately to democracy?
- 13. ● spartan - “highly self-disciplined” ● A Military State ○ Males were trained from the age of 7 ○ Remained in the army until age 60 ● Women were expected to maintain physical fitness and culture ○ “Come back carrying your shield; or on it.” Sparta
- 14. ● helots ● phalanx ● Government ○ ephors ● Spartans were generally prohibited from travelling “where they might encounter ideas dangerous to the state”. Sparta (cont.)
- 15. ● aristocracy ● polis ● acropolis ● hoplite ● Athens
- 16. ● Solon - cancelled all land debts and frees people who had fallen into slavery ● Pisistratus - gave land to peasants ● Cleisthenes - council of 500 ○ created the foundations of democracy Athens (cont.)
- 17. Here comes Persia The Height of the Persian Empire
- 18. ● The Ionian city/states rebelled against the Persians. Athens gave them aid. ○ Darius wants revenge against Athens ● The Persians attack the Greek mainland and face the Athenians at Marathon. ○ 26 miles from Athens ○ The Greeks win! ■ A messenger ran the distance to inform Athens Here Comes Persia
- 19. ● The Greek city-states united in order to create a defense against the Persians ○ The Delian League ● Athens emerged as the dominant member ○ The Age of Pericles ■ Pericles’ Address to Athens (p. 108) ■ The height of Athenian power ● Direct Democracy was created The Athenian Empire
- 20. ● After the defeat of Persia (for now)... ● Athens and Sparta began to compete ○ Two conflicting ideologies ● Athens hid behind their walls ○ One-third of them died from plague ○ Athens’ navy was also destroyed ● Greece was in ruins ○ After 66 years-Athens, Sparta, and Thebes rebuilt to compete again The Peloponnesian Wars
- 21. ● Phillip II of Macedon ○ United the Northern tribes and challenged Athens for control of the peninsula ○ Crushed the Athenians at Chaeronea ● “In the conquered lands, Greeks and non-Greeks formed a new society in what is known as the Hellenistic Era (Imitate Greece).” (p.138) Hellenistic Greece
- 22. ● Phillip II assassinated ● His son Alexander took over at 20 years of age ○ Highly trained in military science and personally tutored by Aristotle Alexander - The Great
- 23. ● Defeated ○ Babylon ○ Egypt ■ Alexandria ○ Indus Valley ● His troops refused to advance ○ They wanted to go home ● Alexander died at 32 in 323 BCE Alexander