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Ch. 5.3.4.5
- 1. Ch. 5.3 Democracy andGreece’s Golden Age
- 2. Ch. 5.3 KeyTerms and People •Direct democracy •Classical art •Tragedy •Comedy •Peloponnesian War •Socrates •Plato •Aristotle
- 3. The Golden Ageof Athens •477-431 BC •Came about after Greece defeated the Persians •Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, and science flourished •Also known as the “Age of Pericles” • Led Athens in the Peloponnesian War
- 4. Pericles’ Plan forAthens(461-429 BC) •Three goals for Athens 1. Strengthen Athenian democracy 2. Hold and strengthen the empire 3. Glorify Athens
- 5. Goal # 1:Stronger Democracy •Increased the number of paid government jobs which benefitted people who were not wealthy •Instituted direct democracy • Citizens rule directly and not through elected representatives
- 6. Goal #2: Strengthenthe Empire •Helped establish and eventually led the Delian League after the Persian Wars •Alliance of Greek city-states •Grew Athens navy •Started dominating other city-states which led to conflicts
- 8. Goal #3: GlorifyAthens •Used money from the Delian League to buy gold, marble and ivory •Used money from the Delian League to hire artists, architects, and workers to build buildings and sculptures •Phidias was hired to build the Parthenon •Greek sculptors focused on beauty, not realism •Classical art focused on simplicity and being well proportioned
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- 10. Model of Parthenonin Nashville, TN
- 11. Goddess Athena StatueInside Parthenon-Phidias
- 12. The Statue ofZeus at Olympia-Phidias
- 13. Greek Drama-Tragedy andComedy • A tragedy was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal • The hero usually was an important person and often gifted with extraordinary abilities • A tragic flaw usually caused the hero’s downfall, usually excessive pride • Sophocles wrote Oedipus the King , a famous tragedy
- 14. Greek Drama-Tragedy andComedy • A comedy contained scenes filled with humor • Playwrights often made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time • Aristophanes was a famous writer of comedies • The fact that Athenians could listen to criticism of themselves showed the freedom that existed in democratic Athens
- 15. The Start ofthe Greatest Subject in Recorded History • History • Herodotus pioneered the accurate reporting of events • Thucydides believed that certain types of events and political situations recur over time • Studying those events and situations would aid in understanding the present • The approaches Thucydides used in his work still guide historians today
- 16. Peloponnesian War 431-404 BC •Fought between Athens and Sparta • Came about as a result of Sparta not liking Athens growth of wealth and power in the area • Athens was acting like a bully • Sparta had a better army, Athens had a better navy • With the help of a plague that hit Athens, Sparta eventually won • Video
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- 19. Rise of thePhilosophers • A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life • After losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people in Athens turned to philosophers for answers • Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
- 20. Socrates 470-399 BC •Socrateswas a philosopher of Ancient Greece •Socrates taught by asking questions •This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method •Put on trial and found guilty for “corrupting the youth of Athens” • Put to death-hemlock •“There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance”
- 21. Plato 427-347 BC •Plato was a student of Socrates • He started a school called The Academy that lasted 900 years • Wrote The Republic • The book talked about a perfectly governed society-not a democracy • In his ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into three groups: farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class • The person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king
- 22. Aristotle 384-322 BC •Aristotlewas a student of Plato •He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government, etc. •Taught Alexander the Great •“He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of them.”
- 23. Ch. 5.4 Alexander’sEmpire
- 24. Ch. 5.4 KeyTerms and People •Philip II •Macedonia •Alexander the Great •Darius III
- 25. King Philip IIof Macedon 382-336 BC • Goal was to take over all of Greece and then to get revenge by taking over the Persian Empire • Became King of Macedon in 359 BC
- 27. Macedonions • Lived inmountainous villages, not city- states • Macedonians considered themselves to be Greek but were looked down upon by the big city-states • Philip II built up his military and eventually invaded and defeated the Greek city-states • Used the phalanx and cavalry to great effect
- 28. Alexander the IIIof Macedon 356-323 BC “Alexander the Great” • Took over for his father, Philp, in 336 BC • Philip was assassinated at his daughter’s wedding by a former bodyguard(Pausanias) • Ruled Greece and it’s empire for only 13 years(336-323 BC) • Due to his great accomplishments, became known as Alexander the Great • Was taught by Aristotle • Died from high fever-possibly from typhoid fever or malaria
- 29. • After takingpower, Alexander eliminated his opponents to the throne and then moved to consolidate Greece • Alexander then turned east to take over of the Persian Empire and achieve the goal of his father • After losing some battles, Darius III retreated quickly and offered Alexander all lands west of the Euphrates River
- 30. • Alexander theGreat refused Darius III’s offer and announced he would take the entire Persian Empire • In 332 BC, Alexander the Great moved into Egypt and “liberated” Egypt from the Persians • The Egyptians crowned Alexander pharaoh • Founded the Egyptian city of Alexandria • After conquering Egypt, Alexander moved into Mesopotamia and finished the job of defeating Darius III and the Persians • The capital city of the Persian Empire, Persepolis(in Iran), was burned by Alexander as possible revenge for the Persians burning Athens
- 31. • Alexander wouldcontinue east into India where he eventually ran into a strong Indian army • His troops were tired-fighting for 11 years and traveled more than 11,000 miles • Even after defeating the Indian army in a battle, the monsoons of India were having an impact and Alexander agreed to turn back west • Alexander would die from disease not long after
- 32. Alexander the Great’sLegacy • Greek Empire split into three sections(map next slide) • Greek city-states led by Antigonus • Egypt led by Ptolemy • Former Persian Empire ruled by Seleucus •Leaders all ruled with absolute power •Cultural diffusion between east and west
- 34. Ch. 5.5 The Spreadof Hellenistic Culture • Hellenistic culture became common all throughout the Greek Empire • Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian cultures mixed • Language-Koine • Trade • Cities • Science and technology • Philosophy, art and architecture
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- 37. Ancient Library atAlexandria
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- 39. Mathematics •Euclid established geometry •Archimedesestimated the value of pi and the law of the lever
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