For more than two decades, the HCI community has elaborated numerous tools for user interface evaluation. Although the related tools are wide, the evaluation remains a difficult task. This paper presents a new approach for user interface evaluation. The proposed evaluation process focuses on utility and usability as software quality factors. It is based on the UI ergonomic quality inspection as well as the analysis and the study of the Human-Computer interaction. The proposed approach is mainly based on graphic controls dedicated to the user interface evaluation. These controls have, on the one hand, the role to compose graphically the interfaces. On the other hand, they contribute to the UI evaluation through integrated mechanisms. The evaluation is structured into two phases. The first consists of a local self-evaluation of the graphical controls according to a set of ergonomic guidelines. This set is specified by the evaluator. The second allows an electronic informer to estimate the interaction between the user interface (graphically composed by the evaluation based controls) and the user.
An overview of object oriented systems developmentAdri Jovin
An overview of object-oriented systems development discusses the dynamic software development process comprising activities that produce information systems solutions. It involves a series of processes like analysis, modeling, design, implementation and testing to develop applications. Object-orientation provides high-level abstraction, seamless transitions between development phases, encourages good programming techniques, and promotes reusability. The overview also describes a unified approach based on methodologies by Booch, Rumbaugh and Jacobson using the Unified Modeling Language to dynamically model applications. It discusses a layered architecture with view, business and access layers that allows creating independent business objects.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE - SHORT NOTESsuthi
The document discusses various topics related to software engineering and architecture including what software engineering is, the characteristics and categories of software, software processes and models, system engineering, software testing, and analysis and design modeling. Specifically, it defines software engineering as applying theories, methods and tools to develop professional software. It also discusses fundamental software process activities like specification, design, validation and evolution. Finally, it defines analysis modeling as describing customer requirements, establishing a basis for design, and devising valid requirements for building software.
This document provides an overview of various software testing techniques, including:
- Unit testing, integration testing, acceptance testing, and regression testing.
- Top-down and bottom-up integration strategies are described.
- Testing objectives like quality improvement, verification, and reliability estimation are outlined.
- Additional topics covered include test drivers, stubs, white box testing, and stress testing. The document serves as a guide to different approaches for thoroughly testing software applications and systems.
Explain the system development process and basicsEdwin Lapat
The document discusses the systems development life cycle (SDLC) process and the role of a systems analyst. It provides details on the following:
- The SDLC includes phases such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, operations, and maintenance.
- A systems analyst guides the SDLC process by defining requirements, prioritizing needs, and ensuring the system meets user and organizational goals.
- The analyst must possess strong interpersonal, analytical, management, and technical skills to effectively carry out their role.
ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY USING SOFTWARE METRICSijcsa
Software metrics have a direct link with measurement in software engineering. Correct measurement is the prior condition in any engineering fields, and software engineering is not an exception, as the size and complexity of software increases, manual inspection of software becomes a harder task. Most Software Engineers worry about the quality of software, how to measure and enhance its quality. The overall objective of this study was to asses and analysis’s software metrics used to measure the software product and process.
In this Study, the researcher used a collection of literatures from various electronic databases, available since 2008 to understand and know the software metrics. Finally, in this study, the researcher has been identified software quality is a means of measuring how software is designed and how well the software conforms to that design. Some of the variables that we are looking for software quality are Correctness, Product quality, Scalability, Completeness and Absence of bugs, However the quality standard that was used from one organization is different from others for this reason it is better to apply the software metrics to measure the quality of software and the current most common software metrics tools to reduce the subjectivity of faults during the assessment of software quality. The central contribution of this study is an overview about software metrics that can illustrate us the development in this area, and a critical analysis about the main metrics founded on the various literatures.
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Software is a set of instructions and data structures that enable computer programs to provide desired functions and manipulate information. Software engineering is the systematic development and maintenance of software. It differs from software programming in that engineering involves teams developing complex, long-lasting systems through roles like architect and manager, while programming involves single developers building small, short-term applications. A software development life cycle like waterfall or spiral model provides structure to a project through phases from requirements to maintenance. Rapid application development emphasizes short cycles through business, data, and process modeling to create reusable components and reduce testing time.
The document discusses component-based software engineering and defines a software component. A component is a modular building block defined by interfaces that can be independently deployed. Components are standardized, independent, composable, deployable, and documented. They communicate through interfaces and are designed to achieve reusability. The document outlines characteristics of components and discusses different views of components, including object-oriented, conventional, and process-related views. It also covers topics like component-level design principles, packaging, cohesion, and coupling.
An overview of object oriented systems developmentAdri Jovin
An overview of object-oriented systems development discusses the dynamic software development process comprising activities that produce information systems solutions. It involves a series of processes like analysis, modeling, design, implementation and testing to develop applications. Object-orientation provides high-level abstraction, seamless transitions between development phases, encourages good programming techniques, and promotes reusability. The overview also describes a unified approach based on methodologies by Booch, Rumbaugh and Jacobson using the Unified Modeling Language to dynamically model applications. It discusses a layered architecture with view, business and access layers that allows creating independent business objects.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE - SHORT NOTESsuthi
The document discusses various topics related to software engineering and architecture including what software engineering is, the characteristics and categories of software, software processes and models, system engineering, software testing, and analysis and design modeling. Specifically, it defines software engineering as applying theories, methods and tools to develop professional software. It also discusses fundamental software process activities like specification, design, validation and evolution. Finally, it defines analysis modeling as describing customer requirements, establishing a basis for design, and devising valid requirements for building software.
This document provides an overview of various software testing techniques, including:
- Unit testing, integration testing, acceptance testing, and regression testing.
- Top-down and bottom-up integration strategies are described.
- Testing objectives like quality improvement, verification, and reliability estimation are outlined.
- Additional topics covered include test drivers, stubs, white box testing, and stress testing. The document serves as a guide to different approaches for thoroughly testing software applications and systems.
Explain the system development process and basicsEdwin Lapat
The document discusses the systems development life cycle (SDLC) process and the role of a systems analyst. It provides details on the following:
- The SDLC includes phases such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, operations, and maintenance.
- A systems analyst guides the SDLC process by defining requirements, prioritizing needs, and ensuring the system meets user and organizational goals.
- The analyst must possess strong interpersonal, analytical, management, and technical skills to effectively carry out their role.
ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY USING SOFTWARE METRICSijcsa
Software metrics have a direct link with measurement in software engineering. Correct measurement is the prior condition in any engineering fields, and software engineering is not an exception, as the size and complexity of software increases, manual inspection of software becomes a harder task. Most Software Engineers worry about the quality of software, how to measure and enhance its quality. The overall objective of this study was to asses and analysis’s software metrics used to measure the software product and process.
In this Study, the researcher used a collection of literatures from various electronic databases, available since 2008 to understand and know the software metrics. Finally, in this study, the researcher has been identified software quality is a means of measuring how software is designed and how well the software conforms to that design. Some of the variables that we are looking for software quality are Correctness, Product quality, Scalability, Completeness and Absence of bugs, However the quality standard that was used from one organization is different from others for this reason it is better to apply the software metrics to measure the quality of software and the current most common software metrics tools to reduce the subjectivity of faults during the assessment of software quality. The central contribution of this study is an overview about software metrics that can illustrate us the development in this area, and a critical analysis about the main metrics founded on the various literatures.
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Software is a set of instructions and data structures that enable computer programs to provide desired functions and manipulate information. Software engineering is the systematic development and maintenance of software. It differs from software programming in that engineering involves teams developing complex, long-lasting systems through roles like architect and manager, while programming involves single developers building small, short-term applications. A software development life cycle like waterfall or spiral model provides structure to a project through phases from requirements to maintenance. Rapid application development emphasizes short cycles through business, data, and process modeling to create reusable components and reduce testing time.
The document discusses component-based software engineering and defines a software component. A component is a modular building block defined by interfaces that can be independently deployed. Components are standardized, independent, composable, deployable, and documented. They communicate through interfaces and are designed to achieve reusability. The document outlines characteristics of components and discusses different views of components, including object-oriented, conventional, and process-related views. It also covers topics like component-level design principles, packaging, cohesion, and coupling.
Usability requirements and their elicitationLucas Machado
The document discusses two issues regarding usability requirements elicitation: 1) the relationship between usability testing and requirements elicitation, and 2) identifying the most suitable elicitation methodology for different projects. Regarding the first issue, it describes six styles of eliciting requirements and how usability testing can validate and refine initial requirements. For the second issue, it compares frameworks for evaluating methodologies based on factors like project environment and quality of elicited details.
- C1.1 Project characteristics (size, budget, etc.)
- C1.2 Organizational characteristics
- C1.3 User characteristics
B. Characteristics: This refers to the intrinsic
characteristics of the methodology/method. Three
This document discusses various software engineering concepts related to software design. It begins by outlining basic design principles and the software design process, which involves three levels: interface design, architectural design, and detailed design. It then covers topics like modularization, coupling and cohesion, function-oriented design using tools like data flow diagrams and structure charts, software measurement and metrics including function point analysis and cyclomatic complexity, and concludes with Halstead's software science for measuring program length and volume.
The document discusses analysis modeling principles and techniques used in requirements analysis. It covers key topics such as:
1. The purpose of requirements analysis is to specify a software system's operational characteristics, interface with other systems, and constraints. Models are built to depict user scenarios, functions, problem classes, system behavior, and data flow.
2. Analysis modeling follows principles such as representing the information domain, defining functions, modeling behavior, partitioning models, and moving from essential to implementation details. Common techniques include use case modeling, class modeling, data flow diagrams, state diagrams, and CRC modeling.
3. The objectives of analysis modeling are to describe customer requirements, establish a basis for software design, and define a set
Usability requirements and their elicitationLucas Machado
The document discusses usability requirements and their elicitation. It introduces concepts from requirements engineering and defines usability and usability requirements. It describes different styles of usability requirements and how usability testing relates to eliciting requirements. Two methodologies for eliciting and analyzing requirements - the Usability Engineering Lifecycle and Delta Method - are characterized based on factors like expertise needed, effort required, and quality of results. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of usability requirements and testing in achieving a high level of usability.
The document describes the requirement engineering process. It involves conducting a feasibility study, eliciting and analyzing requirements, modeling the system, specifying user and system requirements, and validating requirements. This leads to the creation of a software requirements specification document. Key activities include gathering requirements through stakeholder interviews, modeling system data, functions, and behaviors, and documenting all requirements and models.
The document discusses several object-oriented methodologies for software design including Rumbaugh's Object Modeling Technique (OMT), Booch methodology, and Jacobson's Object-Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE) methodology. It also covers the generic components of object-oriented design, the system design process, and the object design process. Key aspects covered include class diagrams, use case modeling, partitioning analysis models into subsystems, and inter-subsystem communication.
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Software Usability Implications in Requirements and DesignNatalia Juristo
There are so many software products and systems with immature usability that it is for sure that most people have enough frustrating experiences to acknowledge the low level of use that usability strategies, models and methods have in software construction.
However, usability is not at all an extra but a basic for a software system: people productivity and comfort is directly related to the usability of the software they use (in their work or at home) and several quality attribute classifications agree on the importance of considering usability as a quality attribute the seminar will discuss and debunk three myths that stand in the way of the proper incorporation of usability features into software systems. These myths are:
• usability problems can be fixed in the later development stages.
• usability has implications only for the non-functional requirements.
• the general statement of a usability feature (“The system must incorporate the undo feature”) is a sufficient specification.
A pattern-oriented solution that support developers in incorporating usability features into their requirements and designs is presented
The document discusses interaction design and human-computer interaction (HCI) in the software development process. It covers several key topics:
1. Interaction design principles like understanding users and reducing errors. The design process involves requirements gathering, analysis, design, and iterative prototyping.
2. HCI aspects are relevant at all stages of the software life cycle from requirements to maintenance. User research and iterative design are important given that requirements cannot be fully determined upfront.
3. Usability engineering specifies usability metrics early on but these are difficult to set without user testing prototypes. Iterative design overcomes this through incremental prototyping and testing with users.
The document compares the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and user involvement approaches in the waterfall model for developing cost-effective software. CBA helps determine upfront project costs while user involvement can reduce costs during phases like requirements analysis, design, testing, and implementation. The study evaluates how participation of users in different waterfall phases like preliminary investigation, design, and testing can reduce analysis time, therefore lowering overall time costs and producing software in a quicker, easier manner.
The document discusses the Unified Process (UP) as an iterative and adaptive system development methodology. It describes the traditional predictive systems development life cycle and explains when an adaptive approach may be better. The UP uses four phases of iterative development. It also describes object-oriented concepts, system development models, tools, and techniques that are part of the UP methodology.
This document discusses usability modeling and measurement. It defines usability and explains why it is important, especially for web and mobile applications. It describes various usability models and standards. The document outlines how to develop a usability model for an organization by defining measurable attributes and characteristics. It also discusses different usability evaluation methods like surveys, heuristic evaluation, and logging. The key steps are to define a model, identify attributes to measure, collect data, analyze the results, and refine measurements. Taking these steps allows an organization to systematically evaluate and improve usability.
The document provides an overview of a software engineering course. The course objectives are to understand traditional and agile development approaches, software engineering tools and techniques, and how to apply these understandings in practice. The course will cover traditional development approaches, agile methods, tools and techniques, and include several mini-projects. It will also discuss common software project failures and how applying engineering principles to software development can help address these issues.
This lecture document provides an overview of comparative development methodologies. It discusses frameworks like Multiview, Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA), the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), and Euromethod. It also covers methodology issues such as the components of a methodology, the rationale for adopting a methodology, and considerations for adopting a methodology in practice. Additionally, it outlines the evolution of methodologies from the pre-methodology era to early methodologies to more modern approaches.
Software testing and introduction to qualityDhanashriAmbre
The document provides an overview of software testing and quality assurance. It defines software testing as a process to investigate quality and find defects between expected and actual results. Testing is necessary to ensure software is defect-free per customer specifications and increases reliability. The document then discusses types of errors like ambiguous specifications, misunderstood specifications, and logic/coding errors. It outlines the software development life cycle including phases like planning, analysis, design, coding, testing, implementation, and maintenance. Each phase is described in 1-2 sentences.
The document discusses various modeling techniques used in requirements analysis for web applications (WebApps), including:
1) Content modeling to identify and describe all content objects and their relationships.
2) Interaction modeling using use cases, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, and prototypes to describe how users interact.
3) Functional modeling to define all necessary operations and processing functions implied by usage scenarios.
The techniques help analysts understand WebApp requirements by modeling key elements like content, interactions, and functions.
The document discusses scenario-based requirements analysis and modeling. It covers topics like creating preliminary use cases, refining use cases, writing formal use cases, and developing supplemental models like activity diagrams and swimlane diagrams. The key aspects are using use cases to describe functions from an actor's perspective, refining use cases to explore alternatives and exceptions, and creating additional models like activity and swimlane diagrams to further illustrate flows and responsibilities. Requirements analysis bridges system descriptions and software design to establish customer needs and a basis for validation.
Interactive systems are increasingly interconnected across different devices and platforms. The challenge for interaction designers is to meet the requirements of consistency and continuity across these platforms to ensure the inter-usability of the system. This presentation describes the current challenges the designers are facing in the emerging fields of interactive systems. Through semi-structured interviews of 17 professionals working on interaction design in different domains we probed into the current methodologies and the practical challenges in their daily tasks. The identified challenges include but are not limited to: the inefficiency of using low-fi prototypes in a lab environment to test inter-usability and the challenges of “seeing the big picture” when designing a part of an interconnected system.
This document discusses various topics related to software project management and metrics. It describes the roles and skills needed for a software project manager, including motivation, organization, and innovation. It also discusses characteristics of effective project managers such as problem solving, leadership, achievement, and team building. The document outlines several software metrics that can be collected, such as size-oriented metrics, function-oriented metrics, quality metrics, and defect metrics. It provides details on calculating and using function points and discusses measuring aspects of quality like correctness, maintainability, and integrity.
This document discusses the impact of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) on software maintainability based on a literature review and case studies. It summarizes several case studies that measured maintainability metrics like coupling, cohesion, and separation of concerns in object-oriented (OO) systems versus aspect-oriented (AO) systems. The studies found that AO systems generally had less coupling between components, higher separation of concerns, and were more changeable and maintainable than equivalent OO systems. The document also outlines various software metrics that have been used to measure maintainability attributes in AO systems like cohesion, coupling, size, and changeability.
Usability Evaluation in Educational Technology Alaa Sadik
The document discusses different methods for evaluating the usability of educational technology. It defines usability as measuring the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of users completing tasks with a tool. There are three main methods: user-based involves testing users on tasks; expert-based uses experts to examine interfaces; and model-based applies models to predict usability based on task sequences. Each method has advantages like user-based providing realistic estimates, and disadvantages like expert-based being affected by expert variability. Choosing a method depends on needed information and the development stage being evaluated.
Usability Inspection, Human computer intraction.pptxSyedGhassanAzhar
Usability inspection involves evaluators inspecting a user interface to identify usability problems. There are several usability inspection methods described in the document, including heuristic evaluation, cognitive walkthrough, and feature inspection. Heuristic evaluation specifically aims to identify usability problems in a user interface and only requires a small set of evaluators and few resources.
Usability requirements and their elicitationLucas Machado
The document discusses two issues regarding usability requirements elicitation: 1) the relationship between usability testing and requirements elicitation, and 2) identifying the most suitable elicitation methodology for different projects. Regarding the first issue, it describes six styles of eliciting requirements and how usability testing can validate and refine initial requirements. For the second issue, it compares frameworks for evaluating methodologies based on factors like project environment and quality of elicited details.
- C1.1 Project characteristics (size, budget, etc.)
- C1.2 Organizational characteristics
- C1.3 User characteristics
B. Characteristics: This refers to the intrinsic
characteristics of the methodology/method. Three
This document discusses various software engineering concepts related to software design. It begins by outlining basic design principles and the software design process, which involves three levels: interface design, architectural design, and detailed design. It then covers topics like modularization, coupling and cohesion, function-oriented design using tools like data flow diagrams and structure charts, software measurement and metrics including function point analysis and cyclomatic complexity, and concludes with Halstead's software science for measuring program length and volume.
The document discusses analysis modeling principles and techniques used in requirements analysis. It covers key topics such as:
1. The purpose of requirements analysis is to specify a software system's operational characteristics, interface with other systems, and constraints. Models are built to depict user scenarios, functions, problem classes, system behavior, and data flow.
2. Analysis modeling follows principles such as representing the information domain, defining functions, modeling behavior, partitioning models, and moving from essential to implementation details. Common techniques include use case modeling, class modeling, data flow diagrams, state diagrams, and CRC modeling.
3. The objectives of analysis modeling are to describe customer requirements, establish a basis for software design, and define a set
Usability requirements and their elicitationLucas Machado
The document discusses usability requirements and their elicitation. It introduces concepts from requirements engineering and defines usability and usability requirements. It describes different styles of usability requirements and how usability testing relates to eliciting requirements. Two methodologies for eliciting and analyzing requirements - the Usability Engineering Lifecycle and Delta Method - are characterized based on factors like expertise needed, effort required, and quality of results. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of usability requirements and testing in achieving a high level of usability.
The document describes the requirement engineering process. It involves conducting a feasibility study, eliciting and analyzing requirements, modeling the system, specifying user and system requirements, and validating requirements. This leads to the creation of a software requirements specification document. Key activities include gathering requirements through stakeholder interviews, modeling system data, functions, and behaviors, and documenting all requirements and models.
The document discusses several object-oriented methodologies for software design including Rumbaugh's Object Modeling Technique (OMT), Booch methodology, and Jacobson's Object-Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE) methodology. It also covers the generic components of object-oriented design, the system design process, and the object design process. Key aspects covered include class diagrams, use case modeling, partitioning analysis models into subsystems, and inter-subsystem communication.
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Software Usability Implications in Requirements and DesignNatalia Juristo
There are so many software products and systems with immature usability that it is for sure that most people have enough frustrating experiences to acknowledge the low level of use that usability strategies, models and methods have in software construction.
However, usability is not at all an extra but a basic for a software system: people productivity and comfort is directly related to the usability of the software they use (in their work or at home) and several quality attribute classifications agree on the importance of considering usability as a quality attribute the seminar will discuss and debunk three myths that stand in the way of the proper incorporation of usability features into software systems. These myths are:
• usability problems can be fixed in the later development stages.
• usability has implications only for the non-functional requirements.
• the general statement of a usability feature (“The system must incorporate the undo feature”) is a sufficient specification.
A pattern-oriented solution that support developers in incorporating usability features into their requirements and designs is presented
The document discusses interaction design and human-computer interaction (HCI) in the software development process. It covers several key topics:
1. Interaction design principles like understanding users and reducing errors. The design process involves requirements gathering, analysis, design, and iterative prototyping.
2. HCI aspects are relevant at all stages of the software life cycle from requirements to maintenance. User research and iterative design are important given that requirements cannot be fully determined upfront.
3. Usability engineering specifies usability metrics early on but these are difficult to set without user testing prototypes. Iterative design overcomes this through incremental prototyping and testing with users.
The document compares the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and user involvement approaches in the waterfall model for developing cost-effective software. CBA helps determine upfront project costs while user involvement can reduce costs during phases like requirements analysis, design, testing, and implementation. The study evaluates how participation of users in different waterfall phases like preliminary investigation, design, and testing can reduce analysis time, therefore lowering overall time costs and producing software in a quicker, easier manner.
The document discusses the Unified Process (UP) as an iterative and adaptive system development methodology. It describes the traditional predictive systems development life cycle and explains when an adaptive approach may be better. The UP uses four phases of iterative development. It also describes object-oriented concepts, system development models, tools, and techniques that are part of the UP methodology.
This document discusses usability modeling and measurement. It defines usability and explains why it is important, especially for web and mobile applications. It describes various usability models and standards. The document outlines how to develop a usability model for an organization by defining measurable attributes and characteristics. It also discusses different usability evaluation methods like surveys, heuristic evaluation, and logging. The key steps are to define a model, identify attributes to measure, collect data, analyze the results, and refine measurements. Taking these steps allows an organization to systematically evaluate and improve usability.
The document provides an overview of a software engineering course. The course objectives are to understand traditional and agile development approaches, software engineering tools and techniques, and how to apply these understandings in practice. The course will cover traditional development approaches, agile methods, tools and techniques, and include several mini-projects. It will also discuss common software project failures and how applying engineering principles to software development can help address these issues.
This lecture document provides an overview of comparative development methodologies. It discusses frameworks like Multiview, Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA), the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), and Euromethod. It also covers methodology issues such as the components of a methodology, the rationale for adopting a methodology, and considerations for adopting a methodology in practice. Additionally, it outlines the evolution of methodologies from the pre-methodology era to early methodologies to more modern approaches.
Software testing and introduction to qualityDhanashriAmbre
The document provides an overview of software testing and quality assurance. It defines software testing as a process to investigate quality and find defects between expected and actual results. Testing is necessary to ensure software is defect-free per customer specifications and increases reliability. The document then discusses types of errors like ambiguous specifications, misunderstood specifications, and logic/coding errors. It outlines the software development life cycle including phases like planning, analysis, design, coding, testing, implementation, and maintenance. Each phase is described in 1-2 sentences.
The document discusses various modeling techniques used in requirements analysis for web applications (WebApps), including:
1) Content modeling to identify and describe all content objects and their relationships.
2) Interaction modeling using use cases, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, and prototypes to describe how users interact.
3) Functional modeling to define all necessary operations and processing functions implied by usage scenarios.
The techniques help analysts understand WebApp requirements by modeling key elements like content, interactions, and functions.
The document discusses scenario-based requirements analysis and modeling. It covers topics like creating preliminary use cases, refining use cases, writing formal use cases, and developing supplemental models like activity diagrams and swimlane diagrams. The key aspects are using use cases to describe functions from an actor's perspective, refining use cases to explore alternatives and exceptions, and creating additional models like activity and swimlane diagrams to further illustrate flows and responsibilities. Requirements analysis bridges system descriptions and software design to establish customer needs and a basis for validation.
Interactive systems are increasingly interconnected across different devices and platforms. The challenge for interaction designers is to meet the requirements of consistency and continuity across these platforms to ensure the inter-usability of the system. This presentation describes the current challenges the designers are facing in the emerging fields of interactive systems. Through semi-structured interviews of 17 professionals working on interaction design in different domains we probed into the current methodologies and the practical challenges in their daily tasks. The identified challenges include but are not limited to: the inefficiency of using low-fi prototypes in a lab environment to test inter-usability and the challenges of “seeing the big picture” when designing a part of an interconnected system.
This document discusses various topics related to software project management and metrics. It describes the roles and skills needed for a software project manager, including motivation, organization, and innovation. It also discusses characteristics of effective project managers such as problem solving, leadership, achievement, and team building. The document outlines several software metrics that can be collected, such as size-oriented metrics, function-oriented metrics, quality metrics, and defect metrics. It provides details on calculating and using function points and discusses measuring aspects of quality like correctness, maintainability, and integrity.
This document discusses the impact of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) on software maintainability based on a literature review and case studies. It summarizes several case studies that measured maintainability metrics like coupling, cohesion, and separation of concerns in object-oriented (OO) systems versus aspect-oriented (AO) systems. The studies found that AO systems generally had less coupling between components, higher separation of concerns, and were more changeable and maintainable than equivalent OO systems. The document also outlines various software metrics that have been used to measure maintainability attributes in AO systems like cohesion, coupling, size, and changeability.
Usability Evaluation in Educational Technology Alaa Sadik
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Usability Inspection, Human computer intraction.pptxSyedGhassanAzhar
Usability inspection involves evaluators inspecting a user interface to identify usability problems. There are several usability inspection methods described in the document, including heuristic evaluation, cognitive walkthrough, and feature inspection. Heuristic evaluation specifically aims to identify usability problems in a user interface and only requires a small set of evaluators and few resources.
Evaluating effectiveness factor of object oriented design a testability pers...ijseajournal
Effectiveness is important quality factor to testability measurement of object oriented software at an initial
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developer’s design capability to achieve the specified functionalities, characteristics, better design quality
and behavior using appropriate object oriented design (OOD) concepts and procedures. Metric based
model for ‘Effectiveness Quantification Model of Object Oriented Design’ has been proposed by
establishing the correlation between effectiveness and OOD constructs. Later ‘Effectiveness Quantification
Model’ is empirically validated and statistical significance of the study considers the high correlation for
model acceptance. The aim of this research work is to encourage researchers and developers for inclusion
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design time.
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Testing and verification of software model through formal semantics a systema...eSAT Publishing House
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Automated Testing: An Edge Over Manual Software Testingijtsrd
Software Testing is a process of finding errors while executing a program so that we get a zero defect software. It is aimed at evaluating the capability or usability of a program. Software testing is an important means of accessing quality of software. Complex systems are being built and testing throughout the software development cycle is valid to the success of the software. Testing is very expensive process. Manual testing involves a lot of effort, Measured in person per month. These efforts can be reduced by using the automated testing with specific tools. Jyotsna | Mukul Varshney | Shivani Garg | Abha Kiran Rajpoot"Automated Testing: An Edge Over Manual Software Testing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2232.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/2232/automated-testing-an-edge-over-manual-software-testing/jyotsna
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oriented metrics(C&K method), with real world examples. The comparison and relationship of these metrics are
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Graphical controls based environment for user interface evaluation
1. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Graphical controls based environment for user
interface evaluation
Selem CHARFI, Abdelwaheb TRABELSI, Houcine EZZEDINE
and Christophe KOLSKI
Laboratoire d’Automatique, de M´canique, et d’Informatique industrielles et
e
Humaines LAMIH CNRS 8201
Raisonnement Automatique et Interaction Homme-Machine
Toulouse. October 31th, 2012
4th international conference on Human-Centered Software Engineering
1/24
2. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Content
1 Introduction
2 UI Evaluation Tools
3 Evaluation Based Controls
4 Conclusion and Future work
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3. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Introduction
UI evaluation is :
essential for interactive systems validation and test [Nielsen, 94].
important to create effective and usable interfaces and screens
[Galitz, 08].
UI evaluation essentially aims at :
identifying potential UI use problems leading to use problems
[Nielsen, 93].
improving UI acceptability [Zhang et al., 99].
establishing comparison between several design alternatives
[Mayhew, 99].
protecting user from erroneous actions (data lost, undesirable
situations) [Rubin, 08].
improving systems’ efficiency[Galitz, 08].
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4. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
UI Evaluation Tools
Many works exist (tools, methods, technics, etc.). The UI
evaluation tools are so numerous. Although there are many
difficulties :
Ergonomic Guidelines exploitation is difficult to establish
[Keith, 05].
The evaluation results are difficult to analyze and to interpret
[Charfi et al., 11].
UI evaluation is generally a neglected process by many
designers [Grislin and Kolski, 96].
The evaluation results can vary from a method to another one
and from an evaluator to the other for the same UI [Nielsen, 93].
etc.
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5. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
UI Evaluation Tools
An UI evaluation existing tools study revealed that [Charfi et al.] :
1 The majority of them are used at the final system design
phase (Test Phase).
2 UI evaluation tools should be easier and simpler to be
established to encourage designers to proceed to the
evaluation.
3 Most of existing tools are based on only one evaluation
method (Electronic Informer, Ergonomic Guideline inspection,
questionnaire, etc).
4 Most of the existing tools focus on a single aspect for the
evaluation (static UI display, the system functional kernel,
etc).
5 Most of existing tool offers automated capture and analyze
phases. The UI improvement suggestions and use problems are
handled manually by the evaluator.
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6. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Global Overview
Purpose :
1 automating UI evaluation process.
2 supporting the evaluation process since early system design
phases.
3 couple between Design and Evaluation phases.
4 simplifying evaluation process that design can proceed to it
easily.
Concept : Integrate evaluation mechanism into graphical control.
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7. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
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8. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Evaluation Based Controls
Evaluation Based Controls
1 Controls dedicated to UI Usability Inspection (Static UI
display).
2 Controls dedicated to UI Utility Inspection (Interaction
between User and the GUI).
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9. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Evaluation controls dedicated to Usability Inspection
”It may be 100 times more costly to proceed for UI
improvement at a late stage that early one” [Nielsen, 94].
The proposed controls ”evaluate” themselves according to a
set of EG : they check their coherency according to EG.
The EG are defined into XML files by the evaluator into XML
files through a tool entitled ”Guideline Manager”.
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10. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
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11. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
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12. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
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13. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
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14. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Evaluation controls dedicated to Utility Inspection
The evaluation process :
consist in comparing between different actions sequences.
Planned action sequence : Referential Model.
User actions sequence : Object Model.
is based on CTT notation for task modeling [Paterno, 97].
is based on these controls and an Electronic Informer.
They have a client-server architecture.
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15. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Evaluation controls dedicated to Utility Inspection
Roles :
Evaluation Controls
Communicating interaction data to the electronic informer :
elementary action execution time ;
action type (button click, check-list select, etc.) ;
associated form (the interface containing the graphical
control) ;
graphical control text ;
control type (button, text-box, label, combo-box, etc.) and,
IP machine address.
The Electronic Informer
Assist the evaluator to generate Referential Model ;
Capture interaction data ;
Generate Object Model ;
Comparing between Referential and Object Model and,
Establish comparison statistics.
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16. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
The Electronic Informer
The EI is structured following a modular architecture
1 Referential model generator ;
2 Evaluated object model generator ;
3 Confrontation and,
4 Statistics generator.
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17. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
(1) Referential Model Generator
This module is used to elaborate a description of the tasks
that are executed by the user during the test phase.
The task is expressed through its sub-tasks using CTT
notation
The task trees are specified by the evaluator.
The evaluator associates through this module the elementary
actions tasks to the task model in order to generate
Referential Model.
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18. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
(2) Object Model Generator
This module is used to :
capture the user actions sequence while interacting with the
UI and,
store these captured data for the confrontation process.
Note : The interaction sequence is realized separately for each task.
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19. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
(3) Confrontation Module
This module is used to compare between Referential and
Object model.
This comparison is elaborated in order to detect missing,
repetitive, useless and erroneous actions.
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20. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
(4) Statistics Generator
The Statistics Generator module propose to the evaluator :
task execution rate ;
tasks and sub-tasks execution average and,
the comparison between the two models.
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21. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Conclusion
UI Evaluation
is the object of numerous researches.
remains a difficult task.
A contribution for UI early evaluation to obtain useful and
usable UI.
The proposed UI evaluation approach limits :
Utility inspection controls do not identify clearly the design
problems
Difficulties to exploit EI provided statistics by the EI
The proposed usability inspection controls take into
consideration only simple EG
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22. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Future work
1 Exploit web services to provide better operability for
evaluators ;
2 Couple between the two control families to get control
inspecting both utility and usability ;
3 Conceive ”Intelligent” controls that handle usability and utility
problems and,
4 Express Evaluation result using evaluation standards (EARL,
RDL, CIF, etc.).
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23. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
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24. Introduction UI Evaluation Tools Evaluation Based Controls Conclusion and Future work
Graphical controls based environment for user
interface evaluation
Selem CHARFI, Abdelwaheb TRABELSI, Houcine EZZEDINE
and Christophe KOLSKI
Laboratoire d’Automatique, de M´canique, et d’Informatique industrielles et
e
Humaines LAMIH CNRS 8201
Raisonnement Automatique et Interaction Homme-Machine
Toulouse. October 31th, 2012
4th international conference on Human-Centered Software Engineering
24/24