This document summarizes various automated GUI testing approaches such as performance testing and analysis (PTA), model-based testing (MBT), combinatorial interaction testing (CIT), and GUI-based applications (GAPs). It also discusses existing GUI testing tools and compares their performance. The document proposes a unified model for testing both GUI and web-based applications together. An empirical study evaluates different test prioritization criteria and their effectiveness in improving fault detection rates on various applications. The study finds that prioritization based on 2-way and parameter-value interactions generally results in the best improvement for GUI apps, while frequency-based techniques are best for web apps from real user sessions.
Unit Testing to Support Reusable for Component-Based Software Engineeringijtsrd
Unit testing is a practical approach to improve the quality and reliability of software. Unit testing is usually performed by programmers and is the base for all other tests such as integration testing and system testing. Unit Testing can be done manually and or automatically. The automated unit tests are written by the developers after the completion of functionality coding. The number of defects reduced when automated unit tests are written iteratively similar to test driven development. This framework proved that significant portions of windows application can be automatically tested without manual intervention. This reduces the manpower involved in testing each and every unit of the application and increases the quality of the software product. Khin Moe Sam "Unit Testing to Support Reusable for Component-Based Software Engineering" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21458.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/21458/unit-testing-to-support-reusable-for-component-based-software-engineering/khin-moe-sam
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Software testing is a main part of Software Development Life Cycle and one of the important aspects of Software Engineering. There is a wide variety of testing tools which require or not the user experience in testing software products. According to the daily use, Mobile and Web applications take the first place in development and testing. Testing automation enables developers and testers to easily automate the entire process of testing in software development saving time and costs. This paper provide a feasibility study for commercial and open source web testing tools helping developers or users to pick the suitable tool based on their requirements.
SRGM Analyzers Tool of SDLC for Software Improving QualityIJERA Editor
Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGM) have been developed to estimate software reliability measures such as
software failure rate, number of remaining faults and software reliability. In this paper, the software analyzers tool proposed
for deriving several software reliability growth models based on Enhanced Non-homogeneous Poisson Process (ENHPP) in
the presence of imperfect debugging and error generation. The proposed models are initially formulated for the case when
there is no differentiation between failure observation and fault removal testing processes and then this extended for the case
when there is a clear differentiation between failure observation and fault removal testing processes. Many Software
Reliability Growth Models (SRGM) have been developed to describe software failures as a random process and can be used
to measure the development status during testing. With SRGM software consultants can easily measure (or evaluate) the
software reliability (or quality) and plot software reliability growth charts.
Software engineering provides a standard process to design and develop software using the software development life cycle (SDLC). The SDLC includes requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Common SDLC models include waterfall, iterative, spiral, V-model, and prototyping. Software must be thoroughly tested at various levels including unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing to ensure quality.
ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY USING SOFTWARE METRICSijcsa
Software metrics have a direct link with measurement in software engineering. Correct measurement is the prior condition in any engineering fields, and software engineering is not an exception, as the size and complexity of software increases, manual inspection of software becomes a harder task. Most Software Engineers worry about the quality of software, how to measure and enhance its quality. The overall objective of this study was to asses and analysis’s software metrics used to measure the software product and process.
In this Study, the researcher used a collection of literatures from various electronic databases, available since 2008 to understand and know the software metrics. Finally, in this study, the researcher has been identified software quality is a means of measuring how software is designed and how well the software conforms to that design. Some of the variables that we are looking for software quality are Correctness, Product quality, Scalability, Completeness and Absence of bugs, However the quality standard that was used from one organization is different from others for this reason it is better to apply the software metrics to measure the quality of software and the current most common software metrics tools to reduce the subjectivity of faults during the assessment of software quality. The central contribution of this study is an overview about software metrics that can illustrate us the development in this area, and a critical analysis about the main metrics founded on the various literatures.
Software testing is a process used to validate and verify software to ensure it meets requirements, works as expected, and can be implemented successfully. There are various types of testing such as functional testing to verify features and non-functional testing to check performance. Testing methods include white-box testing which uses internal knowledge and black-box testing which treats the software as a black box. The goal of testing is to find defects so the software can be improved.
Introduction to Investigation And Utilizing Lean Test Metrics In Agile Softwa...IJERA Editor
The growth of the software development industry approaches the new development methodologies to deliver the
error free software to its end-user fulfilling the business values to product. The growth of tools and technology
has brought the automation in the development and software testing process, it has also increased the demand of
the fast testing and delivery of the software to end customers. Traditional software development methodologies
to trending agile software development trend have brought new philosophy, dimensions, and processes having
invested new tools to make process easy. The Agile development (Scrum, XP, FDD, BDD, ATDD, ASD,
DSDM, Kanban, Crystal and Lean) process also faces the software testing model crises because of the fast
development of life cycles, fast delivery to end users without having appropriate test metrics which make the
software testing process slow as well as increase the risk. The analysis of the testing metrics in the software
testing process and setting the right lean test metrics help to improve the software quality effectively in agile
process.
Unit Testing to Support Reusable for Component-Based Software Engineeringijtsrd
Unit testing is a practical approach to improve the quality and reliability of software. Unit testing is usually performed by programmers and is the base for all other tests such as integration testing and system testing. Unit Testing can be done manually and or automatically. The automated unit tests are written by the developers after the completion of functionality coding. The number of defects reduced when automated unit tests are written iteratively similar to test driven development. This framework proved that significant portions of windows application can be automatically tested without manual intervention. This reduces the manpower involved in testing each and every unit of the application and increases the quality of the software product. Khin Moe Sam "Unit Testing to Support Reusable for Component-Based Software Engineering" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21458.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/21458/unit-testing-to-support-reusable-for-component-based-software-engineering/khin-moe-sam
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Software testing is a main part of Software Development Life Cycle and one of the important aspects of Software Engineering. There is a wide variety of testing tools which require or not the user experience in testing software products. According to the daily use, Mobile and Web applications take the first place in development and testing. Testing automation enables developers and testers to easily automate the entire process of testing in software development saving time and costs. This paper provide a feasibility study for commercial and open source web testing tools helping developers or users to pick the suitable tool based on their requirements.
SRGM Analyzers Tool of SDLC for Software Improving QualityIJERA Editor
Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGM) have been developed to estimate software reliability measures such as
software failure rate, number of remaining faults and software reliability. In this paper, the software analyzers tool proposed
for deriving several software reliability growth models based on Enhanced Non-homogeneous Poisson Process (ENHPP) in
the presence of imperfect debugging and error generation. The proposed models are initially formulated for the case when
there is no differentiation between failure observation and fault removal testing processes and then this extended for the case
when there is a clear differentiation between failure observation and fault removal testing processes. Many Software
Reliability Growth Models (SRGM) have been developed to describe software failures as a random process and can be used
to measure the development status during testing. With SRGM software consultants can easily measure (or evaluate) the
software reliability (or quality) and plot software reliability growth charts.
Software engineering provides a standard process to design and develop software using the software development life cycle (SDLC). The SDLC includes requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Common SDLC models include waterfall, iterative, spiral, V-model, and prototyping. Software must be thoroughly tested at various levels including unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing to ensure quality.
ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY USING SOFTWARE METRICSijcsa
Software metrics have a direct link with measurement in software engineering. Correct measurement is the prior condition in any engineering fields, and software engineering is not an exception, as the size and complexity of software increases, manual inspection of software becomes a harder task. Most Software Engineers worry about the quality of software, how to measure and enhance its quality. The overall objective of this study was to asses and analysis’s software metrics used to measure the software product and process.
In this Study, the researcher used a collection of literatures from various electronic databases, available since 2008 to understand and know the software metrics. Finally, in this study, the researcher has been identified software quality is a means of measuring how software is designed and how well the software conforms to that design. Some of the variables that we are looking for software quality are Correctness, Product quality, Scalability, Completeness and Absence of bugs, However the quality standard that was used from one organization is different from others for this reason it is better to apply the software metrics to measure the quality of software and the current most common software metrics tools to reduce the subjectivity of faults during the assessment of software quality. The central contribution of this study is an overview about software metrics that can illustrate us the development in this area, and a critical analysis about the main metrics founded on the various literatures.
Software testing is a process used to validate and verify software to ensure it meets requirements, works as expected, and can be implemented successfully. There are various types of testing such as functional testing to verify features and non-functional testing to check performance. Testing methods include white-box testing which uses internal knowledge and black-box testing which treats the software as a black box. The goal of testing is to find defects so the software can be improved.
Introduction to Investigation And Utilizing Lean Test Metrics In Agile Softwa...IJERA Editor
The growth of the software development industry approaches the new development methodologies to deliver the
error free software to its end-user fulfilling the business values to product. The growth of tools and technology
has brought the automation in the development and software testing process, it has also increased the demand of
the fast testing and delivery of the software to end customers. Traditional software development methodologies
to trending agile software development trend have brought new philosophy, dimensions, and processes having
invested new tools to make process easy. The Agile development (Scrum, XP, FDD, BDD, ATDD, ASD,
DSDM, Kanban, Crystal and Lean) process also faces the software testing model crises because of the fast
development of life cycles, fast delivery to end users without having appropriate test metrics which make the
software testing process slow as well as increase the risk. The analysis of the testing metrics in the software
testing process and setting the right lean test metrics help to improve the software quality effectively in agile
process.
The document discusses software testing, which involves executing a program or application to evaluate properties like meeting requirements, responding correctly to inputs, performing functions in an acceptable time, usability, installability, and achieving stakeholder desires. Software testing aims to find bugs and provide information about quality and failure risk. It discusses roles, methods, and economics of software testing.
This is chapter 2 of ISTQB Advance Test Manager certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is the chapter 2 of ISTQB Advance Test Automation Engineer certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare content of certification.
The Role of Verification and Validation in System Development Life CycleIOSR Journals
Verification and validation (V&V) are important parts of the system development life cycle that help ensure software quality. Verification determines if the product meets requirements, while validation checks if it fulfills its intended purpose. V&V techniques include reviews, testing, and audits at all phases of development. Proper V&V helps deliver high quality software that satisfies client needs on time.
Testing is a process that involves planning test cases, executing tests, and evaluating results. The document outlines the key steps in testing a mobile application, including planning quick rollouts, dealing with connectivity modes, creating end-to-end tests, understanding requirements, designing and developing test cases, executing tests, reporting results, and ensuring changes are properly tested. It emphasizes that testing starts from the planning phase and continues through closure to evaluate the quality, functionality, and performance of the application.
1. The document discusses various types and levels of software testing including manual and automated testing. It describes unit, integration, and system testing which are done at different stages of the software development life cycle.
2. Software testing is explained as a process to ensure software code performs as intended without unexpected behavior. It aims to find defects, gain confidence in quality, and prevent defects. Complete testing of even simple programs is impractical due to the large number of potential inputs and outputs.
3. Economics and human psychology must be considered in testing as it is not possible to test all permutations of a program. Strategies like black-box and white-box testing help address challenges of testing economics.
1) Testing occurs throughout the software development life cycle and is organized based on the life cycle model used, such as the waterfall or V-model.
2) There are multiple levels of testing including component, integration, system, and acceptance testing. Each level has specific objectives such as verifying components or validating user needs.
3) Iterative life cycle models, like RAD and agile development, involve multiple shorter development phases with corresponding testing activities in each phase.
This document contains a summary of B Vinodh Kumar's work experience and qualifications. It outlines 3 projects he worked on as a Test Engineer at Microsoft and IP Infusion. The projects involved manual and automation testing of applications, operating systems, and networking protocols. It also lists his education qualifications and technical skills in areas like manual testing, automation testing, programming languages and tools.
Chapter 4 - Mobile Application Platforms, Tools and EnvironmentNeeraj Kumar Singh
This is chapter 4 of ISTQB Specialist Mobile Application Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Why Don't Software Developers Use Static Analysis Tools to Find Bugs?PVS-Studio
Using static analysis tools for automating code inspections can be beneficial for software engineers. Such tools can make finding bugs, or software defects, faster and cheaper than manual inspections. Despite the benefits of using static analysis tools to find bugs, research suggests that these tools are underused. In this paper, we investigate why developers are not widely using static analysis tools and how current tools could potentially be improved. We conducted interviews with 20 developers and found that although all of our participants felt that use is beneficial, false positives and the way in which the warnings are presented, among other things, are barriers to use. We discuss several implications of these results, such as the need for an interactive mechanism to help developers fix defects.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses software metrics and how they can be used to measure various attributes of software products and processes. It begins by asking questions that software metrics can help answer, such as how to measure software size, development costs, bugs, and reliability. It then provides definitions of key terms like measurement, metrics, and defines software metrics as the application of measurement techniques to software development and products. The document outlines areas where software metrics are commonly used, like cost estimation and quality/reliability prediction. It also discusses challenges in implementing metrics and provides categories of metrics like product, process, and project metrics. The remainder of the document provides examples and formulas for specific software metrics.
From previous year researches, it is concluded that testing is playing a vital role in the development of the software product. As, software testing is a single approach to assure the quality of the software so most of the development efforts are put on the software testing. But software testing is an expensive process and consumes a lot of time. So, testing should be start as early as possible in the development to control the money and time problems. Even, testing should be performed at every step in the software development life cycle (SDLC) which is a structured approach used in the development of the software product. Software testing is a tradeoff between budget, time and quality. Now a day, testing becomes a very important activity in terms of exposure, security, performance and usability. Hence, software testing faces a collection of challenges.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses various topics related to software testing and verification and validation (V&V). It begins with an overview of test plan creation and different types of testing such as unit, integration, system, and object-oriented testing. It then defines the key differences between verification and validation. The rest of the document provides more details on V&V techniques like static and dynamic verification, software inspections, and testing. It also covers testing fundamentals, principles, testability factors, and different testing techniques like black-box and white-box testing.
This document discusses testing and evaluating software design and development. It covers various types of testing including unit testing, program testing, system testing, live testing, and quality assurance. Documentation and communication are important parts of reporting the testing process. The goal of testing is to ensure the software meets specifications, finds errors, and prevents problems.
This document provides information on various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including Waterfall, V-Shaped, Prototyping, Rapid Application Development (RAD), Incremental, Spiral, and Agile models. It describes the key characteristics, steps, strengths, and weaknesses of each model. It also provides guidance on which types of projects each model is best suited for. The document is an in-depth reference on SDLC models that software engineers can use to select the most appropriate model based on their project needs and constraints.
The document discusses different approaches to measuring software quality, including:
1. ISO 9126 which defines 6 quality factors: functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability.
2. McCall's quality factors from 1977 which defines 11 factors and provides examples for each.
3. IEEE 982 which defines 9 classes of reliability measures including product measures like errors/faults/failures and process measures like management control.
The document emphasizes that quality factors should be defined in requirements and measuring them indicates where improvement is needed.
A framework for context-aware adaptation in public displaysJorge Cardoso
The document proposes a framework for using digital footprints to enable context-aware adaptation in public displays. It identifies several types of digital footprints that can be collected from users' interactions with public displays, including presence detection, presence characterization, presence identification, self-exposure, content suggestion, and actionables. These digital footprints allow displays to infer information about the surrounding social context and customize content accordingly. The framework provides a way to map interactive features, contextual information, and adaptation strategies to help displays understand and react to their social environments.
The document discusses software testing, which involves executing a program or application to evaluate properties like meeting requirements, responding correctly to inputs, performing functions in an acceptable time, usability, installability, and achieving stakeholder desires. Software testing aims to find bugs and provide information about quality and failure risk. It discusses roles, methods, and economics of software testing.
This is chapter 2 of ISTQB Advance Test Manager certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
This is the chapter 2 of ISTQB Advance Test Automation Engineer certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare content of certification.
The Role of Verification and Validation in System Development Life CycleIOSR Journals
Verification and validation (V&V) are important parts of the system development life cycle that help ensure software quality. Verification determines if the product meets requirements, while validation checks if it fulfills its intended purpose. V&V techniques include reviews, testing, and audits at all phases of development. Proper V&V helps deliver high quality software that satisfies client needs on time.
Testing is a process that involves planning test cases, executing tests, and evaluating results. The document outlines the key steps in testing a mobile application, including planning quick rollouts, dealing with connectivity modes, creating end-to-end tests, understanding requirements, designing and developing test cases, executing tests, reporting results, and ensuring changes are properly tested. It emphasizes that testing starts from the planning phase and continues through closure to evaluate the quality, functionality, and performance of the application.
1. The document discusses various types and levels of software testing including manual and automated testing. It describes unit, integration, and system testing which are done at different stages of the software development life cycle.
2. Software testing is explained as a process to ensure software code performs as intended without unexpected behavior. It aims to find defects, gain confidence in quality, and prevent defects. Complete testing of even simple programs is impractical due to the large number of potential inputs and outputs.
3. Economics and human psychology must be considered in testing as it is not possible to test all permutations of a program. Strategies like black-box and white-box testing help address challenges of testing economics.
1) Testing occurs throughout the software development life cycle and is organized based on the life cycle model used, such as the waterfall or V-model.
2) There are multiple levels of testing including component, integration, system, and acceptance testing. Each level has specific objectives such as verifying components or validating user needs.
3) Iterative life cycle models, like RAD and agile development, involve multiple shorter development phases with corresponding testing activities in each phase.
This document contains a summary of B Vinodh Kumar's work experience and qualifications. It outlines 3 projects he worked on as a Test Engineer at Microsoft and IP Infusion. The projects involved manual and automation testing of applications, operating systems, and networking protocols. It also lists his education qualifications and technical skills in areas like manual testing, automation testing, programming languages and tools.
Chapter 4 - Mobile Application Platforms, Tools and EnvironmentNeeraj Kumar Singh
This is chapter 4 of ISTQB Specialist Mobile Application Tester certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare the content of the certification.
Why Don't Software Developers Use Static Analysis Tools to Find Bugs?PVS-Studio
Using static analysis tools for automating code inspections can be beneficial for software engineers. Such tools can make finding bugs, or software defects, faster and cheaper than manual inspections. Despite the benefits of using static analysis tools to find bugs, research suggests that these tools are underused. In this paper, we investigate why developers are not widely using static analysis tools and how current tools could potentially be improved. We conducted interviews with 20 developers and found that although all of our participants felt that use is beneficial, false positives and the way in which the warnings are presented, among other things, are barriers to use. We discuss several implications of these results, such as the need for an interactive mechanism to help developers fix defects.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses software metrics and how they can be used to measure various attributes of software products and processes. It begins by asking questions that software metrics can help answer, such as how to measure software size, development costs, bugs, and reliability. It then provides definitions of key terms like measurement, metrics, and defines software metrics as the application of measurement techniques to software development and products. The document outlines areas where software metrics are commonly used, like cost estimation and quality/reliability prediction. It also discusses challenges in implementing metrics and provides categories of metrics like product, process, and project metrics. The remainder of the document provides examples and formulas for specific software metrics.
From previous year researches, it is concluded that testing is playing a vital role in the development of the software product. As, software testing is a single approach to assure the quality of the software so most of the development efforts are put on the software testing. But software testing is an expensive process and consumes a lot of time. So, testing should be start as early as possible in the development to control the money and time problems. Even, testing should be performed at every step in the software development life cycle (SDLC) which is a structured approach used in the development of the software product. Software testing is a tradeoff between budget, time and quality. Now a day, testing becomes a very important activity in terms of exposure, security, performance and usability. Hence, software testing faces a collection of challenges.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses various topics related to software testing and verification and validation (V&V). It begins with an overview of test plan creation and different types of testing such as unit, integration, system, and object-oriented testing. It then defines the key differences between verification and validation. The rest of the document provides more details on V&V techniques like static and dynamic verification, software inspections, and testing. It also covers testing fundamentals, principles, testability factors, and different testing techniques like black-box and white-box testing.
This document discusses testing and evaluating software design and development. It covers various types of testing including unit testing, program testing, system testing, live testing, and quality assurance. Documentation and communication are important parts of reporting the testing process. The goal of testing is to ensure the software meets specifications, finds errors, and prevents problems.
This document provides information on various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including Waterfall, V-Shaped, Prototyping, Rapid Application Development (RAD), Incremental, Spiral, and Agile models. It describes the key characteristics, steps, strengths, and weaknesses of each model. It also provides guidance on which types of projects each model is best suited for. The document is an in-depth reference on SDLC models that software engineers can use to select the most appropriate model based on their project needs and constraints.
The document discusses different approaches to measuring software quality, including:
1. ISO 9126 which defines 6 quality factors: functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability.
2. McCall's quality factors from 1977 which defines 11 factors and provides examples for each.
3. IEEE 982 which defines 9 classes of reliability measures including product measures like errors/faults/failures and process measures like management control.
The document emphasizes that quality factors should be defined in requirements and measuring them indicates where improvement is needed.
A framework for context-aware adaptation in public displaysJorge Cardoso
The document proposes a framework for using digital footprints to enable context-aware adaptation in public displays. It identifies several types of digital footprints that can be collected from users' interactions with public displays, including presence detection, presence characterization, presence identification, self-exposure, content suggestion, and actionables. These digital footprints allow displays to infer information about the surrounding social context and customize content accordingly. The framework provides a way to map interactive features, contextual information, and adaptation strategies to help displays understand and react to their social environments.
Orthographic projections are a method for conveying the shape and size of engineered objects using 2D drawings. They involve taking views of an object from the front, top, and side with parallel projecting rays. Lines and areas in the views represent edges, surfaces, and intersections between surfaces of the 3D object. Sectional views use a cutting plane to reveal internal features that would otherwise be hidden. They distinguish cut areas, which are hatched, from open areas cut through by the sectioning plane. Orthographic projections and sections effectively communicate 3D geometric information through 2D drawings.
Lead Type, Dead Type: New patterns of local news production and consumptionjeffubois
The document summarizes findings from a study about changing patterns of local news consumption and production. Through interviews with local residents and journalists, it found that people's definitions of "local" have expanded beyond geographical boundaries to include personal interests and online communities. It also identified frustrations with modern newspapers, including a lack of relevance, poor writing, and over-reliance on advertising. The study suggests opportunities for transforming local news to better meet community needs.
The document describes different types of engineering curves including involutes, cycloids, spirals, and helices. It provides definitions and examples of how to draw each type of curve. Specifically, it explains how to draw an involute by winding a string around a circular pole and marking the path of the free end. It also describes how to draw different types of cycloids by having a small circle roll along a straight or curved path, and marking the location of a point on the circle's perimeter. Methods for drawing spirals and helices are also mentioned.
Beam theory can be used to analyze simple beam structures, though more complex beams require more complex modeling. Finite element analysis using beam elements allows for the modeling of two-dimensional and three-dimensional frame structures. Beam elements assume displacement varies linearly along their length and use shape functions to determine forces and moments from applied loads. Three-dimensional beam elements also account for torsional behavior.
NGS Products is a solutions provider that specializes in the design, manufacture, and installation of clean rooms, conveyor systems, automated assembly lines, and other factory automation solutions. Their services include engineering, design, fabrication, project management, and turnkey installations. They have extensive experience in pharmaceutical, healthcare, and other precision manufacturing sectors. NGS Products has its own fabrication facility equipped for metalworking and is certified to ISO 9001 standards.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
This document describes the establishment of an e-learning platform called KISSEL (Knowledge Integration Servers System for E-Learning) for knowledge sharing between teachers in Asia-Pacific countries. KISSEL consists of servers located in different Asia-Pacific countries that are linked to allow sharing of educational materials. The goal is to improve education in the region by allowing collaboration and access to resources. Teachers can upload content to local language sections for their own country and translate select content to an international section in English for wider sharing.
Crowdsourcing and open innovation are becoming increasingly important for product development and business innovation. There are many examples of companies successfully using crowdsourcing approaches at different stages of the product development process. Crowdfunding also takes various forms like donation, reward, lending, and equity models, allowing funders to be motivated by intrinsic, social, or financial factors. For crowdsourcing to be effective, projects should incorporate diversity, independence, decentralization, and aggregation as outlined in Surowiecki's theory of wise crowds.
Introducing my.Lboro - Presentation to Civil and Building EngineeringMartin Hamilton
Here are some slides introducing my.Lboro, a new website for Loughborough University students. my.Lboro tries to gather together in one place all of the key information you need on a day-to-day basis as a Loughborough student. We are looking into staff facilities too, and the slides highlight some possible developments that we would appreciate feedback on.
This document outlines the agenda for a management information systems class discussing the topic of crowdsourcing. The agenda includes a case study discussion on TopCoder, a crowdsourcing platform for software development. It also includes a discussion question on when crowdsourcing platforms like Wikipedia, Yelp and Amazon reviews work or fail. The reading assignment covers open innovation and crowdsourcing models. Finally, students will participate in an activity where they identify jobs that could utilize crowdsourcing and select the most appropriate model.
This document is an advertisement for the 2013 Buick Regal that highlights and summarizes its key features and specifications. It discusses the Regal's performance capabilities, available engine and transmission options, fuel economy, safety features, technology, interior and exterior design options. The ad emphasizes the Regal's driving dynamics, luxury and comfort, and focus on the driver's experience behind the wheel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Complete 2013 GMC Savana brochure available for download. Includes vehicle specifications and available options. Visit Bob Hastings Buick-GMC for more information.
This document provides an agenda for the "Celebrating Innovation: DSS eCurriculum Tour" event. The event includes keynote speeches from industry leaders on topics like transforming teaching and learning through technology. It also includes multiple concurrent workshops and seminars led by different organizations on using technology tools and platforms for education. The workshops cover topics such as using tablets and interactive content in the classroom, digital library management, and taking advantage of cloud computing for eLearning.
Zimbrick GMC West, a Wisconsin GMC dealer Madison has turned to for their automotive needs since 1965, is proud to provide fleet and upfitting services like the Pickup Box Removal Program. Please call (608) 271-1601 for more information.
The document provides information on the 2010 GMC Terrain compact crossover SUV. It highlights the vehicle's precise exterior design, cutting-edge engineering features like direct injection and variable valve timing, and impressive fuel efficiency. The Terrain offers a premium interior with logically designed controls and comfortable seating. It provides versatile cargo space and a low liftover height. Models are available with a 182-hp 4-cylinder or 264-hp V6 engine paired with a 6-speed automatic transmission. Safety features include six airbags, stability control, and a rearview camera.
Gui path oriented test generation algorithms paperIzzat Alsmadi
This document discusses GUI path oriented test generation algorithms. It introduces the problem of manually testing software and how automated testing can reduce costs. It developed several automated GUI test generation algorithms that do not require user involvement and ensure test adequacy. The algorithms generate test cases from an XML GUI model representing the structure. Related work on automated test generation is discussed, including path-oriented, goal-oriented, and intelligent techniques. The paper focuses on generating tests from the GUI implementation to test correctness.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The Guide to Integrating Generative AI into Unified Continuous Testing Platfo...kalichargn70th171
Many specialized tools cater to distinct stages within the software development lifecycle (SDLC). These tools target various aspects of development, delivery, and operations, each with its unique strengths. Uniting these diverse testing needs into a single continuous testing platform presents several challenges. Such a platform must seamlessly integrate with various development tools and environments, accommodate different testing methodologies, and remain flexible to adapt to organizational processes and quality standards.
UI testing a procedure to check application’s user interface. Graphical User Interface (GUI) is the front-end of the software where the user interacts with software through it. This presentation consists of several methods used for user interface testing with their reviews.
A Comparative Guide to Automation and Manual Testing.pdfkalichargn70th171
Consumers want their applications to work perfectly each time. If your app is rife with performance issues, bugs, and glitches, it can lose its user base in no time due to its flawed quality. As a result, testing your software product is imperative to ensure project teams check, verify, and validate the functionality of the developed software and deliver optimal user experiences.
Unit testing focuses on testing individual software modules to uncover errors. Integration testing tests interfacing between modules incrementally to isolate errors. Testing objectives are to find errors, use high probability test cases, and ensure specifications are met. Reasons to test are for correctness, efficiency, and complexity. Test oracles verify expected outputs to increase automated testing efficiency and reduce costs, though complete automation has challenges.
IRJET - A Valuable and Speculative Approach to Manage the Item Testing by usi...IRJET Journal
- The document discusses software testing using the Selenium automation tool. Selenium can be used to automatically test web applications across different browsers and platforms.
- It provides an overview of software testing, including the different types of testing (functional, non-functional, maintenance). It also discusses manual vs automated testing and the types of automated testing tools available.
- The key benefit of Selenium mentioned is that it allows for automated testing of web applications to ensure quality and catch errors, which is more efficient than manual testing.
JUnit is an open source Unit Testing Framework for JAVA. It is useful for Java Developers to write and run repeatable tests. Erich Gamma and Kent Beck initially develop it. It is an instance of xUnit architecture. As the name implies, it is used for Unit Testing of a small chunk of code.
The JAXenter article "Automated testing of JavaFX GUI components - Testing JavaFX 8 UI application functionality" describes how JavaFX 8 UI controls could be tested by the automated testing tool QF-Test to enable and proceed test cases lead by the business users. The maturity as given for JavaFX 8 applications, i.e. build with JDK8u40, corresponds to the required quality of the UI, by passing the automated structural test cases.
The document discusses HP Software Testing Project. It defines software testing as executing a program to find errors and verify requirements are met. There are two types of testing: manual testing where a tester prepares and executes test cases, and automated testing using scripts for minimal human intervention. Unified Functional Testing (UFT) allows testing across GUI and backend layers. UFT uses keyword-driven testing to enhance test creation and maintenance. The document also discusses test scripts, application lifecycles, load testing with LoadRunner, and different LoadRunner components.
Software testing automation a comparative study on productivity rate of ope...Conference Papers
This document compares the productivity of two open source automated software testing tools, Robot Framework 3.0 and Katalon Studio 7.0, for testing smart manufacturing applications. Ten subject matter experts tested their productivity using each tool across various stages of the software development lifecycle. Katalon Studio 7.0 was found to be significantly more productive than Robot Framework 3.0 based on statistical analysis of the time taken using each tool. The study provides guidance for selecting automated testing tools to improve productivity for software test engineers working in smart manufacturing.
Test Case Optimization and Redundancy Reduction Using GA and Neural Networks IJECEIAES
More than 50% of software development effort is spent in testing phase in a typical software development project. Test case design as well as execution consume a lot of time. Hence, automated generation of test cases is highly required. Here a novel testing methodology is being presented to test objectoriented software based on UML state chart diagrams. In this approach, function minimization technique is being applied and generate test cases automatically from UML state chart diagrams. Software testing forms an integral part of the software development life cycle. Since the objective of testing is to ensure the conformity of an application to its specification, a test “oracle” is needed to determine whether a given test case exposes a fault or not. An automated oracle to support the activities of human testers can reduce the actual cost of the testing process and the related maintenance costs. In this paper, a new concept is being presented using an UML state chart diagram and tables for the test case generation, artificial neural network as an optimization tool for reducing the redundancy in the test case generated using the genetic algorithm. A neural network is trained by the backpropagation algorithm on a set of test cases applied to the original version of the system.
Overview and Analysis of Automated Testing Tools: Ranorex, Test Complete, Se...IRJET Journal
This document provides an overview and analysis of three automated testing tools: Ranorex, Test Complete, and Selenium. It compares the tools based on their execution speed, supported platforms and languages, data handling capabilities, playback features, cost, and report generation. The document concludes that each tool has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the most suitable tool depends on the type of application being tested and scope of the testing project. Ranorex is recommended for beginners testing web applications due to its simplicity, while Test Complete and Selenium may be better for more advanced users or different application types.
5 Popular Test Automation Tools For React Native Apps.pdfflufftailshop
In today’s digital economy, software developers cannot afford to rely on anything less than the latest software development practices to deliver efficient products and services. As per the data reported by Statista, the number of mobile app downloads globally has been increasing from 2016 onward, surpassing 200 billion in 2019. In 2021, consumers downloaded 230 billion mobile apps to their connected devices, an increase of more than 63% from 140.7 billion app downloads in 2016.
Leveraging AI for Mobile App Testing on Real Devices | Applitools + KobitonApplitools
Explore how to use the cutting-edge integration of Visual AI from Applitools with Kobiton's real mobile device cloud to create a comprehensive solution for continuous UI testing. See more information and find the on-demand recording at applitools.com.
The document discusses HP Unified Functional Testing (UFT), a software testing tool. It describes UFT as providing functional and regression test automation that enables testing functionality across multiple layers like the GUI and backend services. The document also outlines different types of testing UFT supports, including manual testing, automated testing, and GUI testing using a keyword-driven approach. Additionally, it provides steps for working with the UFT tool, including recording tests, generating scripts, running tests and checking results.
Automated Testing: An Edge Over Manual Software Testingijtsrd
Software Testing is a process of finding errors while executing a program so that we get a zero defect software. It is aimed at evaluating the capability or usability of a program. Software testing is an important means of accessing quality of software. Complex systems are being built and testing throughout the software development cycle is valid to the success of the software. Testing is very expensive process. Manual testing involves a lot of effort, Measured in person per month. These efforts can be reduced by using the automated testing with specific tools. Jyotsna | Mukul Varshney | Shivani Garg | Abha Kiran Rajpoot"Automated Testing: An Edge Over Manual Software Testing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2232.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/2232/automated-testing-an-edge-over-manual-software-testing/jyotsna
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineering research
1. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 4
A Survey on Models and Test strategies for Event-Driven Software
1
Mr.J.Praveen Kumar 2Manas Kumar Yogi
Asst.Prof. CSE Dept.
Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology
Abstract
A Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing tool is one to test ImplementingGUI testing for your application early in the
applications user software development cycle speeds up developmentimproves
Interface and to detect the correctness of applications quality and reduces risks towards the end of the cycle. GUI
functionality. Event-Driven Software (EDS) can change state Testing can be performed bothmanually with a human tester or
based on incoming events; common examples are GUI and could be performed automatically with use of a software
web applications. program.
These EDS pose a challenge to testing because there are a
large number of possible event sequences that users can invoke Every software organization tests its software’s, still the end
through a user interface. While valuable contributions have product always have some issues
been made for testing these two subclasses of EDS, such left. Testing team tries their best to find all the bugs before
efforts have been disjoint. This work provides the first single release of the software but still there areissues left in the
model that is generic enough to study GUI and web product and they often re-appear as new modules are added to
applications together. This paper presentsdetail survey of the the software. Even thebest of manual testing process struggle
existing GUI testing tools . This paperalso summarizes various to deliver an effective, efficient, accurate and increased
existing automated GUI testing approaches such as testcoverage.
PerformanceTesting and Analysis (PTA), Model Based
Testing (MBT), Combinatorial InteractionTesting (CIT), Manual testing is often error prone and there are chances of
(GUI)-based Applications (GAPs). The feasibility of using most of the test scenarios left out.
java GUI captureand replay tools for GUI performance test
automation has been studied. Automated GUI Testing is a software program which is used
The severelimitations of GUI tools when used for recording to analyze whether the desktop
and replaying realistic session of the realworld Java application is functionally correct. Automated GUI Testing
applications have been also addressed. Various GUI testing includes automating manual testing taskswhich are mostly
tool are comparedin terms of performance.In this we use the time consuming and error prone. Automated GUI Testing is a
model to define generic prioritization criteria that are more accurate,efficient, reliable and cost effective replacement
applicable to both GUI and web applications. Our ultimate to manual testing. Automated GUI Testing involves carrying
goal is to evolve the model and use it to develop a unified set of tasks automatically and comparing the result of same
theory of how all EDS should be tested. with the expected output andability to repeat same set of tasks
multiple times with different data input and same level of
Keywords: Graphical User Interface, Performance Testing, accuracy.
event driven software (EDS), t-way interaction coverage, test Implementing GUI Testing for your application early in the
suite prioritization, user-session testing, web-application software development cycle speeds updevelopment improves
testing, GUI testing quality and reduces risks towards the end of the cycle .
Automated GUI Testing is a solution to all the issues raised
1. Introduction with Manual GUI Testing. An
The GUI testing is a process to test application's user interface Automated GUI Testing tool can playback all the recorded set
and to detect if application is of tasks, compare the results of
functionally correct. GUI testing involves carrying set of tasks execution with the expected behavior and report success or
and comparing the result of same withthe expected output and failure to the test engineers. Once the GUItests are created they
ability to repeat same set of tasks multiple times with different can easily be repeated for multiple number of times with
data input and same level of accuracy. GUI Testing includes different data sets andcan be extended to cover additional
how the application handles keyboard and mouse events, how features at a later time. Most of the software organizations
different GUI components like menubars, toolbars, dialogs, considerGUI Testing as critical to their functional testing
buttons, edit fields, list controls,images etc. reacts to user input process and there are many things which should beconsidered
and whether or not it performs in the desired manner. before selecting an Automated GUI Testing tool. A company
can make great strides usingfunctional test automation. The
Issn 2250-3005(online) August| 2012 Page 1087
2. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 4
important benefits include, higher test coverage levels,
greaterreliability, shorted test cycles, ability to do multi user
testing at no extra cost, all resulting in increasedlevels of
confidence in the software.
2. Existing models :
Testing for functional correctness of EDS such as stand-alone
GUI and web-based applications is critical to many
organizations. These applications share several important
characteristics. Both are particularly challenging to test
because users can invoke many different sequences of events
that affect application behavior. Earlier research has shown
that existing conventional testing techniques do not apply to
either GUIs or web applications, primarily because the number
of permutations of input events leads to a large number of
states, and for adequate testing, an event may need to be tested
in many of these states, thus requiring a large number of test
cases (each represented as an event sequence). Researchers
have developed several models for automated GUI testing and
web application testing.
2.1. Performance Testing and Analysis (PTA)
It is practical to automatically test the performance of 2.2. Model Based Testing (MBT)
interactive rich-client Java applications when thefollowing two The new feedback-based technique has been used in a fully
issues are addressed. automatic end-to-end process for a specific type of GUI
1) A metric need a measurement approach to quantify the testing. The seed test suite (in this case, the smoke tests) is
performance of an interactive generated automatically using an existing event interaction
application, and graph model of the GUI, which represents all possible
2) A way to automatically perform realistic interactive sessions sequences of events that may be executed on the GUI.[2]. It
on an application, without utilizes runtime information as feedback for model-based GUI
perturbing the measured performance . test case generation. However, runtime information has
This kind of GUI performance test automation has two key previously been employed for various aspects of test
requirements that go beyond automation, and model-based testing has been applied to
traditional GUI test automation: (a) the need to replay conventional software as well as event driven software
realistically complex interactive sessions and (b)the minimal (EDS).It presents an overview of related research in the areas
perturbation of the measured performance by the tool [1]. of model-based and EDS testing, GUI testing, and the use of
To find performance problemsin real applications, the length runtime information as feedback for test generation.
of the event sequences played during testing is important. Model-based testing automates some aspect of software testing
Sequencesrepresenting only one or two events are often used by employing a model of the
for functional testing. They represent a form of unittest. software. The model is an abstraction of the software’s
Slightly longer sequences could be considered integration behavior from a particular perspective (e.g.,software states,
tests, as they often cover someinteractions between configuration, values of variables, etc.); it may be at different
components. To find performance problems, however, event levels of abstraction,such as abstract states, GUI states,
sequences need to besignificantly longer, so that the internal variable states, or path predicates, State machine
underlying system can reach the steady-state behavior that is models.
normal inreal world usage. Using the GUI testing tools for
performance testing is their use of harnesses andmock objects. The most popular models used for software testing are state
Those artifacts represent deviations from the real-world setup machine models. They model the
and thus can affect theobserved performance [1]. software’s behavior in terms of its abstract or concrete states;
they are typically represented as state transition diagrams.
Several types of state machine models have been used for
software testing .
The main inclusions in this test are:
extension of work on automated, model-based
,systematic GUI test case generation.
Issn 2250-3005(online) August| 2012 Page 1088
3. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 4
definition of new relationships among GUI events
based on their execution.
utilization of runtime state to explore a larger input
space and improve fault detection.
Immersion of the feedback-based technique into a
fully automatic end-to-end GUI
testing process and demonstration of its effectiveness
on fielded and fault-seeded
applications.
Empirical evidence tying fault characteristics to types
of test suites.
Demonstration that certain faults require well crafted
combinations of test cases and
oracles.
2.3. Combinatorial Interaction Testing (CIT)
Combinatorial Interaction Testing is a method which focuses
on test prioritization techniques for GUI. The specific
contributions of this work include: the first single model for
testing stand-alone GUI and Web-based applications, a shared
prioritization function based on the abstract model, and shared
prioritization criteria. We validate the usefulness of these
artifacts through an empirical study. The results show that GUI
and Web-based applications, when recast using the model,
showed similar behavior, reinforcing our belief that these
classes of applications should be modeled and studied
together. Other results show that GUI and Web applications
behave differently, which has created opportunities for
evolving the model and further experimentation.The generalize
the model by evaluating its applicability and usefulness for
other software testing activities, such as test generation.
It also makes contributions toward test prioritization research.
Many of our prioritization criteria
improve the rate of fault detection of the test cases over
random orderings of tests. We also develop hybrid
prioritization criteria that combine several criteria that work
well individually and evaluate whether the hybrid criteria
result in more effective test orders.
3. Proposed model:
3.1. Modeling Test Cases
A test case is modeled as a sequence of actions. For
eachaction, a user sets a value for one or more parameters.We
provide examples of test cases for both GUI and
webapplications next.
Issn 2250-3005(online) August| 2012 Page 1089
4. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 4
Test suit
3.2. Test suites
Models of the TerpOffice applications, called event-flow
graphs [1], were used to generate test cases. The test-case
generation algorithm has also been described earlier [1]; in
summary, the algorithm is based on graph traversal;
Previous work treats stand-alone GUI and web-based starting in one of the events in the application’s main
applications as separate areas of research. However, these window,the event-flow graphs were traversed, outputting the
types of applications have many similarities that allow us to encountered event sequences as test cases. In all, 300 test cases
create a single model for testing such event driven systems. were generated for each application.
This model may promote future research to more broadly The suites for web applications are based on usage of the
focus on stand-alone GUI and web-based applications instead application, also referred to as user-session-based testsuites.
of addressing them as disjoint topics. Within the context of this A total of 125 test cases were collected for Book, by asking for
model, we develop and empirically evaluate several volunteer users by sending emails to local newsgroups and
prioritization criteria and apply them to four stand-alone GUI posting advertisements in the University of Delaware’s
and three web-based applications and their existing test suites. classifieds. For CPM, 890 test cases were collected from
Our empirical study evaluates the prioritization criteria. We instructors, teaching assistants, and students using CPM during
present our threats to validity in this section because several the 2004-05 and
opportunities for future research are created by the threats to 2005-06 academic years at the University of Delaware. A total
validity of the results of our empirical study. Threats to of 169 test cases were collected when our third subject
construct validity are factors in the study application, Masplas, was deployed for the Mid-Atlantic
design that may cause us to inadequately measure concepts of Symposium on Programming Languages .
interest. Table shows the characteristics of the test casesused in our
study, such as the total number of testcases for each
application, and statistics on the lengths
of the test cases. We also report the total numberof unique
parameter-values and the percentage of 2-way parameter-value
interactions covered in the test suites. We compute the
percentage of 2-way parametervalueinteractions by counting
the number of uniqueparameter-values on each window that
can be selectedin combination with unique parameter-values
on otherwindows within the application.
Issn 2250-3005(online) August| 2012 Page 1090
5. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 4
4. Conclusion Validation. Lillehammer, Norway: IEEE Computer
stand-alone GUI and web-based applications as separate areas Society, Apr. 2008, pp. 141–150. IEEE
of research. However, these types of applications have many TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,
similarities that allow us to create a single model for testing VOL. 37, NO. 1, JAN/FEB 2011 IEEE
such eventdriven systems. This model may promote future TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,
research to more broadly focus on stand-alone GUI and VOL. X, NO. X, JANUARY 2010 18
webbased applications instead of addressing them as disjoint [7] P. Brooks, B. Robinson, and A. M. Memon, “An initial
topics. Other researchers can use our common model to apply characterization of industrial graphical user interface
testing techniques more broadly. their existing test suites. Our systems,” in Proceedings of the International Conference
empirical study evaluates the prioritization criteria. Our ability on Software Testing, Verification and Validation, 2009,
to develop prioritization pp. 11–20.
criteria for two types of event-driven software indicates the [8] L. White, “Regression testing of GUI event interactions,”
usefulness of our combined model for the in Proceedings of the International Conference on
problem of test prioritization. Our results are promising as Software Maintenance. IEEE Computer Society, Nov.
many of the prioritization criteria that we use improve 1996, pp. 350–358.
the rate of fault detection over random ordering of test cases. [9] “Web site test tools and site management tools,”
We learn that prioritization by 2-way and PV-LtoS accessed on
generally result in the best improvement for the rate of fault <http://www.softwareqatest.com/qatweb1.html>,
detection in our GUI applications and one of our accessed on Apr. 5, 2009.
web applications. However, for our web applications [10] D. C. Kung, C.-H. Liu, and P. Hsia, “An object-oriented
,frequency-based techniques provide the best rate of fault web test model for testing web applications,” in The First
detection in 2 out of the 3 subjects. We attribute this to the Asia-Pacific Conf. on Quality Software. Singapore: IEEE
source of the test cases. The test suites for the Computer Society, Oct. 2000, pp. 111–120.
web applications come from real user-sessions, whereas the
GUI test cases were automatically generated without Authors Description
influence from users.
REFERENCES
[1] A. M. Memon and Q. Xie, “Studying the fault-detection
effectiveness of GUI test cases for rapidly evolving
software,” IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., vol. 31, no. 10, pp.
884–896, Oct. 2005.
[2] A. Andrews, J. Offutt, and R. Alexander, “Testing web Manas Kumar Yogi
applications by modeling with FSMs,” Software and Pursuing Mtech.(CSE Dept.)
Systems Modeling, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 326–345, Jul. 2005. Malla Reddy College of Engineering and
[3] G. D. Lucca, A. Fasolino, F. Faralli, and U. D. Carlini, Technology, Hyderabad.
“Testing web applications,” in the IEEE Intl. Conf. on
Software Maintenance. Montreal, Canada: IEEE
Computer Society, Oct. 2002, pp. 310–319.
[4] F. Ricca and P. Tonella, “Analysis and testing of web
applications,” inthe Intl. Conf. on Software Engineering.
Toronto, Ontario, Canada: IEEE Computer Society,
May 2001, pp. 25–34.
[5] R. C. Bryce and A. M. Memon, “Test suite Mr.J.Praveen Kumar
prioritization by interactioncoverage,” in Proceedings of Asst.Prof. CSE Dept.
The Workshop on Domain-Specific Approaches to Malla Reddy College of Engineering and
Software Test Automation (DoSTA 2007); co-located Technology, Hyderabad.
with The 6th joint meeting of the European Software
Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT
Symposium on the Foundations of Software
Engineering. Dubrovnik, Croatia: ACM, Sep. 2007, pp.
1–7.
[6] S. Sampath, R. Bryce, G. Viswanath, V. Kandimalla, and
A. G. Koru, “Prioritizing user-session-based test cases
for web application testing,” in the International
Conference on Software Testing, Verification and
Issn 2250-3005(online) August| 2012 Page 1091