Interactive systems are increasingly interconnected across different devices and platforms. The challenge for interaction designers is to meet the requirements of consistency and continuity across these platforms to ensure the inter-usability of the system. This presentation describes the current challenges the designers are facing in the emerging fields of interactive systems. Through semi-structured interviews of 17 professionals working on interaction design in different domains we probed into the current methodologies and the practical challenges in their daily tasks. The identified challenges include but are not limited to: the inefficiency of using low-fi prototypes in a lab environment to test inter-usability and the challenges of “seeing the big picture” when designing a part of an interconnected system.
HCI 3e - Ch 6: HCI in the software processAlan Dix
Chapter 6: HCI in the software process
from
Dix, Finlay, Abowd and Beale (2004).
Human-Computer Interaction, third edition.
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-239864-8.
http://www.hcibook.com/e3/
Model driven process for real time embeddedcaijjournal
Embedded systems shape our world nowadays. It’s almost impossible to imagine our day to day life without
it. Examples can include cell phones, home appliances, energy generators, satellites, automotive
components …etc. it is even far more complex if there are real-time and interface constraints.
Developing real-time embedded systems is significantly challenging to developers. Results need not be only
correct, but also in a timely manner. New software development approaches are needed due to the
complexity of functional and non-functional requirements of embedded systems.
Due to the complex context of embedded systems, defects can cause life threatening situations. Delays can
create huge costs, and insufficient productivity can impact the entire industry. The rapid evolution of
software engineering technologies will be a key factor in the successful future development of even more
complex embedded systems.
Software development is shifting from manual programming, to model-driven engineering (MDE). One of
the most important challenges is to manage the increasing complexity of embedded software development,
while maintaining the product’s quality, reducing time to market, and reducing development cost.
MDE is a promising approach that emerged lately. Instead of directly coding the software using
programming languages, developers model software systems using expressive, graphical notations, which
provide a higher abstraction level than programming languages. This is called Model Based Development
(MBD).
Model Based Development if accompanied by Model Based Validation (MBV), will help identify problems
early thus reduce rework cost. Applying tests based on the designed models not only enable early detection
of defects, but also continuous quality assurance. Testing can start in the first iteration of the development
process.
As a result of the model based approach, and in addition to the major advantage of early defects detection,
several time consuming tasks within the classical software development life cycle will be excluded. For
embedded systems development, it’s really important to follow a more time efficient approach.
Object-Oriented Analysis techniques covering requirements elicitation and object analysis model development delivered to post-graduate students of Object Oriented Software Engineering
Software Architecture by Reuse, Composition and Customization Ivano Malavolta
Ivano Malavolta.
Research Fellow at the Computer Science Department of the University of L'Aquila (Italy).
PhD thesis presentation, University of L'Aquila, March 2012.
The full PhD thesis is available here:
http:www.di.univaq.it/malavolta/files/IvanoMalavoltaPhDThesis.pdf
Using Evolutionary Prototypes To Formalize Product RequirementsArnold Rudorfer
Boundary objects are artifacts that facilitate
communication and interaction between people or groups
functioning in different domains. Software engineers, user
interface designers and usability specialists have different
domain knowledge, different terminologies, and shared
terms with different, distinct meanings. Boundary objects
can help assist the process of designing software by
providing a common interface for communication between
professionals in different domains. The Software
Engineering department and User Interface Design Center
at Siemens Corporate Research used an evolutionary
prototype as a boundary object to help elicit product
requirements from their client, Siemens Medical Solutions.
This enhanced communication with the client and between
groups at SCR. This paper describes how the evolutionary
prototype functioned as a boundary object and how it
allowed software engineering processes and humancomputer
interaction methods to proceed concurrently
without the need for well-defined interaction points.
HCI 3e - Ch 6: HCI in the software processAlan Dix
Chapter 6: HCI in the software process
from
Dix, Finlay, Abowd and Beale (2004).
Human-Computer Interaction, third edition.
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-239864-8.
http://www.hcibook.com/e3/
Model driven process for real time embeddedcaijjournal
Embedded systems shape our world nowadays. It’s almost impossible to imagine our day to day life without
it. Examples can include cell phones, home appliances, energy generators, satellites, automotive
components …etc. it is even far more complex if there are real-time and interface constraints.
Developing real-time embedded systems is significantly challenging to developers. Results need not be only
correct, but also in a timely manner. New software development approaches are needed due to the
complexity of functional and non-functional requirements of embedded systems.
Due to the complex context of embedded systems, defects can cause life threatening situations. Delays can
create huge costs, and insufficient productivity can impact the entire industry. The rapid evolution of
software engineering technologies will be a key factor in the successful future development of even more
complex embedded systems.
Software development is shifting from manual programming, to model-driven engineering (MDE). One of
the most important challenges is to manage the increasing complexity of embedded software development,
while maintaining the product’s quality, reducing time to market, and reducing development cost.
MDE is a promising approach that emerged lately. Instead of directly coding the software using
programming languages, developers model software systems using expressive, graphical notations, which
provide a higher abstraction level than programming languages. This is called Model Based Development
(MBD).
Model Based Development if accompanied by Model Based Validation (MBV), will help identify problems
early thus reduce rework cost. Applying tests based on the designed models not only enable early detection
of defects, but also continuous quality assurance. Testing can start in the first iteration of the development
process.
As a result of the model based approach, and in addition to the major advantage of early defects detection,
several time consuming tasks within the classical software development life cycle will be excluded. For
embedded systems development, it’s really important to follow a more time efficient approach.
Object-Oriented Analysis techniques covering requirements elicitation and object analysis model development delivered to post-graduate students of Object Oriented Software Engineering
Software Architecture by Reuse, Composition and Customization Ivano Malavolta
Ivano Malavolta.
Research Fellow at the Computer Science Department of the University of L'Aquila (Italy).
PhD thesis presentation, University of L'Aquila, March 2012.
The full PhD thesis is available here:
http:www.di.univaq.it/malavolta/files/IvanoMalavoltaPhDThesis.pdf
Using Evolutionary Prototypes To Formalize Product RequirementsArnold Rudorfer
Boundary objects are artifacts that facilitate
communication and interaction between people or groups
functioning in different domains. Software engineers, user
interface designers and usability specialists have different
domain knowledge, different terminologies, and shared
terms with different, distinct meanings. Boundary objects
can help assist the process of designing software by
providing a common interface for communication between
professionals in different domains. The Software
Engineering department and User Interface Design Center
at Siemens Corporate Research used an evolutionary
prototype as a boundary object to help elicit product
requirements from their client, Siemens Medical Solutions.
This enhanced communication with the client and between
groups at SCR. This paper describes how the evolutionary
prototype functioned as a boundary object and how it
allowed software engineering processes and humancomputer
interaction methods to proceed concurrently
without the need for well-defined interaction points.
Introduction to software engineering
Software products
Why Software is Important?
Software costs
Features of Software?
Software Applications
Software—New Categories
Software Engineering
Importance of Software Engineering
Essential attributes / Characteristics of good software
Software Components
Software Process
Five Activities of a Generic Process framework
Relative Costs of Fixing Software Faults
Software Qualities
Software crisis
Software Development Stages/SDLC
What is Software Verification
Advantages of Software Verification
Advantages of Validation
[2015/2016] Software systems engineering PRINCIPLESIvano Malavolta
This presentation is about a lecture I gave within the "Software systems and services" immigration course at the Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila (Italy): http://cs.gssi.infn.it/.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
Software Architecture for Agile DevelopmentHayim Makabee
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RoutineMaker: Towards End-User Automation of Daily Routines Using SmartphonesVille Antila
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Understanding the Privacy Implications of Using Context-based Awareness Cues ...Ville Antila
Information from the physical world is increasingly being digitalized and shared in social networks. We share our locations, tag photos and add different kinds of informal awareness cues about the physical world to our online communities. In this paper, we investigate the privacy implications of shared context cues in social networking services. We present an experimental mobile application, which allows users to add different descriptions of context information to their Facebook and Twitter status updates. The application was used by 12 persons during a two-week user trial using their own devices and Facebook accounts. The results indicate that user-defined abstractions of context items were often preferred over more accurate indicators due to privacy concerns or discomfort in sharing. We also found out that using shared context from friends in vicinity needs careful design to overcome the extended privacy implications.
ContextCapture: Exploring the Usage of Context-based Awareness Cues in Inform...Ville Antila
In this paper, we investigate the usage of context-based awareness cues in informal information sharing, especially in social networking services. We present an experimental mobile application, which allows users to add different descriptions of context information to their Facebook status updates. The meaningfulness and the usage of different context descriptions were evaluated in a two-week user trial. The results show that the most frequently used awareness cues in the test setting were location, surroundings, friends and activity. The results also indicate that user-defined semantic abstractions of context items (e.g. “home”, “work”) were often more informative and useful than more accurate indicators (e.g. the address or the name of the place). We also found out that using shared context from friends in vicinity (e.g. identifying the people around) needs careful design to overcome the extended privacy implications.
MindTrek2011 - ContextCapture: Context-based Awareness Cues in Status UpdatesVille Antila
Presentation of an experimental mobile application, which allows users to add different descriptions of context information to their Facebook status updates. The meaningfulness and the usage of different context descriptions were evaluated in a two-week user trial. The results show that the most frequently used awareness cues in the test setting were location, surroundings, friends and activity. The results also indicate that user-defined semantic abstractions of context items (e.g. “home”, “work”) were often more informative and useful than more accurate indicators (e.g. the address or the name of the place). We also found out that using shared context from friends in vicinity (e.g. identifying the people around) needs careful design to overcome the extended privacy implications.
This poster introduces an experimental application to demonstrate the usage of context-based awareness cues in status updates, especially in SNS’s (Social Networking Services). The presented application allows users to add different descriptions of context information to their Twitter messages and Facebook status updates in a narrative format.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
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Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
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The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
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See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
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Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
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2. SmarcoS
• SmarcoS project aims to help users
of interconnected systems by ensuring their inter-
usability
• Partners from
– Netherlands, UK,
Finland, Belgium,
Czech Rep., Italy
and Spain
www.smarcos-project.eu
3. Outline of the talk
• Challenges in designing inter-usable systems
• Motivation
• Research approach
• Findings
• Approaching the challenges: Prototyping inter-
usability
• Requirements
• Key functionalities
5. Inter-usability
• Usability research and user interface solutions beyond
individual devices and services
• Usability across the different user interfaces of a given system
(including inter-device interactions)
7. Challenges
• The amount and diversification of computing devices is
increasing and they are becoming more and more connected
8. Challenges
• Users expect to have access to the same applications and
services with a number of different devices
9. Challenges
• Products are becoming increasingly ubiquitous systems; “hybrids
of hardware, software and services” *Kuniavsky]
10. Research questions
• What are the current challenges the
designers are facing?
• Are the methods and tools they use
sufficient (in the changing product
market)?
12. Research approach
• To identify some of the current challenges we carried out
semi-structured interviews with 17 professionals from 10
different organizations (4 countries)
• Organizations: from consumer product manufacturers to small
design firms and start-ups
• Interviewees: 6 interaction designers, 4 researchers (UCD), 2
freelance designers, and 3 founders of start-ups, 1 application
engineer and 1 technical director
• Selection criterion: the products which they work on are on the
selected problem domain and that the work field is related or close
iteration with interaction design or usability research
13. Findings
Development environment constraints
“There are component libraries and design
guidelines between product families, but these
Domain restrictions do not go all the way into the ‘tools’ –level. It
would be useful to share the same common
“Many of our product users work in an
tools with developers to avoid the usual
environment where installation of new
challenge ‘this cannot be implemented on this
software or packages on their
platform’”
computers is restricted, for example by
hospital IT departments. We have to Interaction designer, UI designs for mobile and
Web-based applications
work within these restrictions. For that
reason we choose web based solutions Acquiring domain knowledge and
for most of our projects because it user feedback
does not require installation of “A lot of the things we are
software on the [devices] of the users” changing, we will do more of a […]
Application engineer, user interfaces we put it out there and see if
for applications in the domain of people are using it, we don’t
healthcare spend that time doing a full
usability type of thing. Moving
Targeting multiple platforms
towards what the ‘Google model’
“As [the application] must run on several devices, is like, they almost put up the lab
and the devices have different capabilities in terms version or they have a beta
of display and user controls, it is difficult to design a version and people just use it, get
UI that can be used as fast and easy on all the the feedback and just improve it.”
devices.” Co-founder of a start-up on
Technical director, mobile and ubiquitous gaming professional sports tracking
applications technology
14. Analysis
Process phase Identified challenges
Early phase Hard to evaluate concepts without functional prototypes (simulation of
interactive system)
Seeing the big picture when designing a part of a interconnected service
(often designers just focus on part of the system which can create
inconsistencies and discontinuities between the parts)
Development None of the tools available today is sufficient to build and test inter-
phase usable systems
Basic tools such as IDEs, Flash and PCB design tools are generic enough to
fill the gap but by no means efficient for designers who want to weave
digital data into physical materials
Each failed experiment with physical objects incurs material, labor and
transportation costs (unlike with fully digital products/services)
Evaluation phase User testing of embedded devices and interconnected services using low-
fi prototypes in a lab environment is inefficient
Difficult to evaluate the whole (interconnected) system; evaluation of
separated parts does not necessarily correspond to good overall (inter)
usability
15. Implications
Identified need Requirements for methods and tools
Support for “seeing the big Early prototyping through simulation
picture” – how the design fits in Evaluation metrics to test consistency (semantic and
the whole system syntactic) and continuity in cross-platform and cross-device
interactions
Integration between design Ability to test or “mash-up” the composition of
and development tools interconnected systems (e.g. distribution and composition of
functionalities between the cloud and dedicated devices)
Support for rapid prototyping
Refinement of evaluation Evaluation methods and metrics to support inter-usability,
methods and metrics to test taking into account both the composition of functionalities
inter-usability and the continuity of interaction
Design guidelines to support semantic consistency across
platforms (the use of metaphors etc.)
Ability to use efficiency measures to validate inter-usability
of cross-platform interactions
17. Discussion
• More questions than answers really …
• Various fields and types of products, hard to
generalize the findings
18. Discussion
• More questions than answers really …
• Various fields and types of products, hard to
generalize the findings
• But…
• Common challenges in
1. dealing with complexity of systems
2. support for various devices
3. lack of tool support to deal with these challenges
(e.g. prototyping tools/ design tools)
4. lack of metrics to evaluate the usability across the
system (e.g. between devices)
19. Needs to address
• Design phase: need for rapid prototyping tools
especially taking into account system complexity, such
as interaction through various devices
20. Needs to address
• Design phase: need for rapid prototyping tools
especially taking into account system complexity, such
as interaction through various devices
• “Difficult to acknowledge the full interaction with the
system when you are designing for a small part of it…”
• How to prototype the “full system” in an early stage
• How to translate that design into the reality (right way
of delivering/documenting the design to product
development)
21. Needs to address
• Evaluation phase: need for metrics to test and
evaluate “inter-usability” of a system
22. Needs to address
• Evaluation phase: need for metrics to test and
evaluate “inter-usability” of a system
• e.g. the role of different devices in the system, how the
information flows, which devices are available in
different situations?
• what are the important measures which determine the
success/ ease of use for the product or service across
devices?
23. Conclusions
• There’s a multitude of (interactive) computing devices
out there and that number not likely to decrease
• Devices themselves no longer offer standardized
means of manipulating information
• Information is everywhere (i.e. accessible from
everywhere)
• There is a need to acknowledge the fragmentation of
information appliances and the different roles of
devices in accessing information, anywhere at
anytime
• Need for tools and metrics to design and evaluate
these systems
25. Why prototyping?
• Widely accepted means of exploring designs for interactive
computer artifacts [1]
• Division to role, look-and-feel or implementation
prototypes (depending on the factor that the
prototype prototypes)
• Common categories are also: proof-of-concept
prototype, form study prototype, user experience
prototype, visual prototype and functional prototype
[1] Houde, S., Hill, C., What do Prototypes Prototype?, in Handbook of
Human-Computer Interaction, 1997
26. Requirements for the Prototyping tool
(1/2)
• To approach a prototyping challenge we
should work towards a design
environment where inter-usability can be
tested
• In such environment we should be
concentrating on how to design, test and
analyze inter-usability on a given system
27. Requirements for the Prototyping tool
(2/2)
• Support for design thinking by integration of
design, test and analysis of inter-usability
From Hartmann, B., et al., Reflective Physical Prototyping through
Integrated Design, Test and Analysis, UIST’06, 2006
28. Future work
• Research questions
• How to rapidly prototype an ”interconnected” system
• How to provide and maintain awareness of the whole
system behaviour
• Approach: rapid prototyping and simulation of system
behaviour
• How does a change in a part of the system effect the
other parts?
• What kind of logical rules should the system follow?
What should happen and when?
• What input and output devices can be used, when and
how?