The document discusses various types of graphic aids used in education, such as cartoons, newspapers, posters, flash cards, charts, chalkboards, graphs, photographs, bulletin boards, and flannel boards, highlighting their definitions, advantages, and purposes. These aids provide non-verbal and visual learning experiences, enhancing students' understanding by combining words and images. The text emphasizes the importance of using these aids to stimulate interest, motivate discussions, and convey information effectively.

1. GRAPHIC AIDS

2. INTRODUCTION OF GRAPHIC AIDS
 The word graphic has its origin in the Greek words “ GRAPHICKOS” and
“GRAPHIEIN” the former word meaning to paint or draw and the later meaning to
represent with lines.
DEFINITION
Graphic teaching aids are the illustrative instructional material depicted on a two
dimensional surface combining drawing, painting, pictures and words .
It provides non- verbal and visual learning experience resulting in the formation of
the mental association between abstract and concrete ideas.

3. TYPES OF GRAPHIC AIDS
 Cartoon
 Newspaper
 Posters
 Flash cards
 Charts
 Chalkboard
 Graphs
 Photographs
 Bulletin board
 Flannel board

4. CARTOON
 A cartoon is humours caricature which gives a subtle message.
 A cartoon is a figurative and subtle graphic aid. It is metaphorical representation of
reality.
Components of Cartoon making:
 Fantasy
 Satire
 Incongruity
 Exaggeration
 Personalized humour

5. ADVANTAGES OF CARTOON
 A cartoon canbe used te effectively used to initiate certain lesson.
 A Cartoon can be used to motivate students to start a discussion.
 It is used for making lesson lively and interest.

6. NEWSPAPER
 The newspaper furnished many examples which can be used to introduce lesson.
 The people may learn to read and interpret the contents along with pictures to
enhance easy grasping .
Components of newspaper:
 Pictures
 Photographs
 Simple language
 Articles
Newspapers available in low cost, easy to
Read and in understandable simple language.

7. POSTERS
 It is a good substitute for first experienced .
 It varies from a simple printed card to a complicate and artistic design.
 It should be always a part of campaign. It will serve first time inspire people and lastly it will serve as a
remainder to the group.
Features of poster:
 Simplicity in depiction
 Dramatic action
 Colourfulness
 Eye catching figurative design
 Packed short message
 Attractive
 Seek attention.

8. FLASH CARDS
 Flash cards are small cards which are shown for a few moments before the class to
send across message or important an idea .
 It should be brief.
They may also be used for reviewing
a lesson with students .It would be
used along with the other graphic
aids to make the lesson effective.

9. ADVANTAGES OF FLASH CARDS
 It can be used to review a topic.
 It can be used to interact and present topics.
 It use to apply information already gained by students to new situation.
 It can be used for drill & practice in elementary classes .
 It can be used for playing educational games to couple learning with fun.

10. CHARTS
 A chart is a combination of pictorial, graphical, numerical or vertical material which present
a clear visual summary.
 These visual symbols used for summarising , comparing , contrasting or performing other
services in explaining subject matter and diagnostic representation of the facts and ideas.
Purpose of charts :
 To show continuity in process .
 For presenting the material symbolically.
 For showing relationship by means of facts and figures.
 For presenting abstract ideas in visual form.
 For showing development of structure .
 For creating problems and stimulating thinking.

11. TYPES OF CHARTS
 Chain chart
 Flow chart
 Tabulation chart
 Time table charts
 Tree chart
 Job chart

12. CHALKBOARD
 The chalkboard is the life of classroom .It is the most commonly used visual aid by
whoever he teacher.
 A chalkboard is tremendous help to the teacher for explaining illustrating and
giving notes to his students . A chalkboard is generally installed facing class which
is either built into the walk or fixed and framed on the wall with a ledge to keep the
sticks and duster .
 The recommended size of board is 5m×6m.

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHALKBOARD
 The surface of the chalkboard should be rough enough to hold the writing on the
board.
 The writing should be easily removable with a cloth or foam duster .
 The surface of the board should be dull enough to eliminate glare which hampers
visibility of the writing on the board .
 The chalkboard should be mounted on an appropriate height within the reach of
the teacher and visibility of students.

14. TYPES OF CHALKBOARD
Black or green chalkboard
Exhibition board
Double side stand board
Write & wipe off-white board
Information notice board
Magnetic board
Black ceramic unbreakable board

15. ADVANTAGES OF CHALKBOARD
 It is a convenient visual aid for group teaching.
 It is an economical teaching aid .
 It can be used over and again .
 It can be easily used for giving lesson notes to students.
 It works as a good visual aid for drill and revision .
 It can be used for drawing enlarged illustration from the textbooks

16. LIMITATIONS OF CHALKBOARD
 It makes students heavily dependent on the teacher .
 Constant use of chalkboard make it smooth and full of glare.
 It makes chalkpowder to spread and inhaled by both the teacher and students.
 It doesn’t care for the individual needs of students.

17. GRAPHS
Graphs depicts numerical or quantitative development or statistical data are presented in the
form of the visual symbols.
Exact specifications depict specially quantitative data to analysis, comparison and
interpretation.
Types of graphs:
 Pie graph or circle graph
 Bar graph
 Line graph
 Pictorial graph
 Ogive
 Commutative frequency graph

18. PIE GRAPH. PICTORIAL GRAPH

19. PHOTOGRAPHS
Exact visual recording of the things which will occur in real life situation .
It may be white and black or coloured or mounted or unmounted photographic
points.
They my be used :
 In personal teaching situation
 Visual display in exhibition or bulletin board.
 Projected with an opaque project or suited to teach illiterated .

20. PHOTOGRAPHS

21. FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING, A PHOTOGRAPH
MUST:
Tell a story
Have a plain and simple background
Illustrated only one point and give accurate results.
Shows the main subject prominently
Shows action , emotion, and useful for easy
understanding.

22. BULLETIN BOARD
 Bulletin board used for both educational and informational purposes.It can motivate, supplement and enrich learning
and stimulates thoughts.
 It employs intrinsic motivation through the medium of interest , caurisity nd and desire for knowledge .
 It is simple device placed either indoor or outdoor , kept in a suitable place. It can provide a suitable place for the
display of all kinds of creative word of the students
 It is a soft board which will hold pins or tags which are most suitable.
Items generally used in buletin boards:
 Photographs
 Publication
 Drawing
 Specimen
 Poster
 Newspaper
 Cut out illustration

23. USES OF BULLETIN BOARD
 To communicate the ideas .
 To motivate the learner .
 To provide information.
 To add variety to the classroom activity.
 To intensity impression and vitalise instruictions.
 To describe the ways of doing a particular items.
Limitations of bulletin board:
It can not be used for all inclusive teaching and they have to be used as suplementary
aids to other teaching aids, at times the collection of relevant material for certain
specific topic mat be difficult.

24. FLANNEL BOARD
 A flannel board is a display board made of wood , cardboard or strawboard
covered with coloured flannel or woollen cloth. Display material like the cut outs ,
paper strips, flannel strips , drawing , picture will stick to the flannel board
temporary.
 A flannel board of 1.5 m×1.5m is the most widely used .It can be fixed to next to
the chalkboard or can be placed on a stand about one meter above the ground

25. ADVANTAGES OF FLANNEL BOARD
 A flannel board display holds the interest of students and arrest their attention.
 The provision of sequential change of material and flannel boards provides
continuity in lesson development.
 The quickness and ease with which the display material can be changed on the
flannel boards without use of drawing pins or tags or paste make it most desirable
and convienient isplay boards.
 A flannel boards enable teachers to talk along with changing illustration to
develop a lesson .
 The changing of picture in the flannel board is able to kindle enthusian and
interest of the teacher as well as students.

26. ADVANTAGES OF GRAPHIC AIDS
 Arresting student’s attention .
 Stimulates interest .
 Creative and attracting ways .
 Concrete ideas
 Conveying information in a condensed form
 Providing visual experience.