This document covers the concept of relative pronouns in English, including definitions, examples, and their functions within clauses. It also explains compound words and provides various exercises for practice. Key relative pronouns discussed include 'who', 'which', 'that', and 'where', along with examples of usage and compound definitions.

1. Relative Pronouns
& Compounds
Theory and exercises to practise
ESO 4

2. WHAT ARE WE LEARNING TODAY?
• The relative pronouns in English
• What relative pronouns are and which ones we will use
• Examples of use
• Exercises to practice
• Compounds in English
• What compounds are
• Examples
• Exercises to practice
• Review

3. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
 Can you give me a definition of relative pronouns?
 What do they refer to?
 Do you know any English relative pronouns?
 Can we omit them sometimes or do we always have to used them?

4. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
 Can you give me a definition of relative pronouns?
 Relative pronouns are the pronouns used in English to introduce another clause, called
subordinate clause

5.  Can you give me a definition of relative pronouns?
 Relative pronouns are the pronouns used in English to introduce another clause, called
subordinate clause
 What do they refer to?
 Relative pronouns goes after a noun, named antecedent. They provide information about it.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS

6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
 Can you give me a definition of relative pronouns?
 Relative pronouns are the pronouns used in English to introduce another clause, called
subordinate clause
 What do they refer to?
 Relative pronouns goes after a noun, named antecedent. They provide information about it.
 English relative pronouns: who, which, that and where

7. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
 Can you give me a definition of relative pronouns?
 Relative pronouns are the pronouns used in English to introduce another clause, called
subordinate clause
 What do they refer to?
 Relative pronouns goes after a noun, named antecedent. They provide information about it.
 English relative pronouns: who (person), which (animals or things), that and where (places)

8. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
 Can you give me a definition of relative pronouns?
 Relative pronouns are the pronouns used in English to introduce another clause, called
subordinate clause
 What do they refer to?
 Relative pronouns goes after a noun, named antecedent. They provide information about it.
 English relative pronouns: who (person), which (animals or things), that and where (places)
 Role of relative pronouns:
 They can be the subject of the subordinate clause i.e. I hate problems that/which I cannot solve
 They can be a complement of the main clause i.e. My mother is the person (that/who) I love the
most

9. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
 Can you give me a definition of relative pronouns?
 Relative pronouns are the pronouns used in English to introduce another clause, called subordinate
clause
 What do they refer to?
 Relative pronouns goes after a noun, named antecedent. They provide information about it.
 English relative pronouns: who (person), which (animals or things), that and where (places)
 Role of relative pronouns:
 They can be the subject of the subordinate clause i.e. I hate problems that/which have several answers
 They can be a complement of the main clause i.e. My mother is the person (that/who) I love the most
 When they function as a complement, the relative pronouns can be omitted

10. WHO/ THAT PERSON
“I don’t like people who/ that underestimate me”
“That is the boy who/ that I had an argument with
yesterday”
WHICH/ THAT
ANIMALS
& THINGS
“Bears are the animals which/ that hibernate in
caves”
“This is the ring which/ that my great-grandmother
wore in her wedding”
WHERE PLACES
“I went to the restaurant where my parents had
dinner for the first time”
EXAMPLES OF USE

11. WHO/ THAT PERSON
“I don’t like people who/ that underestimate me”
“That is the boy (who/ that) I had an argument with
yesterday”
WHICH/ THAT
ANIMALS
& THINGS
“Bears are the animals which/ that hibernate in
caves”
“This is the ring (which/ that) my great-grandmother
wore in her wedding”
WHERE PLACES
“I went to the restaurant where my parents had
dinner for the first time”
EXAMPLES OF USE

12. EXERCISES
1. I bought a new pair of boots. I will wear them
tomorrow for the match.
2. Mary is a friend of mine. She speaks excellent French.
3. I love going to the zoo. In the zoo I can see killer
whale.
4. She bought her brother a video game for his
birthday. He loves it.
5. My parents gave me some money for the weekend. I
lost all the money yesterday.
6. My boyfriend wrote me a letter. It arrived this
morning.
7. I work in an office for Helen. I hate her more than
anyone.
8. Fleming was a biologist. He discovered the penicillin
Look at the following sentences and rephrase them using who, which or where:
i.e. I went to New York last summer. It is the city where my parents met.
Last summer, I went to the city where my parents met

13. 1. I bought a new pair of boots. I will wear them tomorrow for the
match.
a. I bought a new pair of boots which I will wear
tomorrow for the match
2. Mary is a friend of mine. She speaks excellent French.
a. Mary is a friend of mine who speaks excellent French
3. I love going to the zoo. In the zoo I can see killer whales.
a. I love going to the zoo where I can see killer whales
4. She bought her brother a video game for his birthday. He loves
it.
a. She bought her brother a videogame which he loves
EXERCISES
5. My parents gave me some money for the weekend. I lost all the
money yesterday.
a. I lost all the money which my parents gave me for
the weekend
b. My parents gave me some money for the weekend
which I lost yesterday
6. My boyfriend wrote me a letter. It arrived this morning.
My boyfriend wrote me a letter which arrived this
morning
7. I work in an office for Helen. I hate her more than anyone.
Helen is the person who I hate the most
8. Fleming was a biologist. He discovered the penicillin.
Fleming was the biologist who discovered the penicillin

14. 1. I bought a new pair of boots. I will wear them tomorrow for the
match.
a. I bought a new pair of boots which I will wear
tomorrow for the match
2. Mary is a friend of mine. She speaks excellent French.
a. Mary is a friend of mine who speaks excellent French
3. I love going to the zoo. In the zoo I can see killer whales.
a. I love going to the zoo where I can see killer whales
4. She bought her brother a video game for his birthday. He loves
it.
a. She bought her brother a videogame which he loves
EXERCISES
5. My parents gave me some money for the weekend. I lost all the
money yesterday.
a. I lost all the money which my parents gave me for
the weekend
b. My parents gave me some money for the weekend
which I lost yesterday
6. My boyfriend wrote me a letter. It arrived this morning.
My boyfriend wrote me a letter which arrived this
morning
7. I work in an office for Helen. I hate her more than anyone.
Helen is the person who I hate the most
8. Fleming was a biologist. He discovered the penicillin.
Fleming was the biologist who discovered the penicillin

15. COMPOUNDS
 What is a compound word? Can you tell me any compound in English?

16. COMPOUNDS
 What is a compound word? Can you tell me any compound in English?
 Compound words are words formed by the combination of two or more words that together
produce a new word with a new meaning i.e. soap opera, earphones, blackboard, etc.

17. COMPOUNDS SOME / ANY
 What is a compound word? Can you tell me any compound in English?
 Compound words are words formed by the combination of two or more words that together
produce a new word with a new meaning i.e. soap opera, earphones, blackboard, etc.
 Think of these two words, some & any, and try to find compounds for them to complete the following
mind map:
SOME ANY

18. COMPOUNDS SOME / ANY
SOME SOMEONESOMEWHERE
SOMETHING
ANY
ANYONE
ANYWHERE
ANYTHING

19. COMPOUNDS SOME / ANY
SOME SOMEONESOMEWHERE
SOMETHING
ANY
ANYONE
ANYWHERE
ANYTHING
ANIMALS & THINGS
PLACES
PEOPLE

20. COMPOUNDS SOME / ANY
SOME
ANY
SOMEONE SOMEWHERE
SOMETHING
ANYONE
ANYWHERE
ANYTHING
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
INTERROGATIVE &
NEGATIVE SENTENCES

21. EXERCISES COMPOUNDS SOME / ANY
Try to match the sentences on the left column with the pictures on the right column:
1. Something you play with
2. Something that protects your mouth
3. Somewhere extremely hot
4. Someone who write articles for
newspapers
5. Somewhere bats live
6. Something you can wear on
7. Someone who fights fires
8. Someone who defends people in court
B)
F)
H)
G)
A)
D) C)
E)

22. EXERCISES COMPOUNDS SOME / ANY
Try to match the sentences on the left column with the pictures on the right column:
1. Something you play with F) Baseball Bat
2. Something that protects your mouth E) Mask
3. Somewhere extremely hot B) The Sun
4. Someone who write articles for newspapers D) Journalist
5. Somewhere bats live G) Cave
6. Something you can wear on A) Sunglasses
7. Someone who fights fires H) Firefighter
8. Someone who defends people in court C) Lawyer

23. EXERCISES COMPOUNDS SOME / ANY
Choose the correct compound:
I got home yesterday and I noticed something / anything was wrong. The door was open but I
couldn’t see nothing / anything because it was very dark. I didn’t know if I should call
somewhere / someone or if I should go inside. I decided to call the police. I tried to find my cell
phone but it wasn’t anything / anywhere in my bag; then I remembered it was in the car. When
I opened the car’s door, someone / somewhere turned the lights on in the living room.
When I got my cell phone to call the police, it rang: I answered and it was my husband. I said:
“I think something / someone is robbing our home!”. And he told me: “That’s impossible. There
isn’t anyone / anywhere robbing our home!” and I asked: “How do you know that?” He
answered: “Because I’m here in the living room calling you. There isn’t anything / something
wrong here. By the way, why are you so late?” Well, I didn’t answer that question but he had to
explain why he had left the door open.

24. EXERCISES COMPOUNDS SOME / ANY
Choose the correct compound:
I got home yesterday and I noticed something / anything was wrong. The door was open but I
couldn’t see nothing / anything because it was very dark. I didn’t know if I should call
somewhere / someone or if I should go inside. I decided to call the police. I tried to find my cell
phone but it wasn’t anything / anywhere in my bag; then I remembered it was in the car. When
I opened the car’s door, someone / somewhere turned the lights on in the living room.
When I got my cell phone to call the police, it rang: I answered and it was my husband. I said:
“I think something / someone is robbing our home!”. And he told me: “That’s impossible. There
isn’t anyone / anywhere robbing our home!” and I asked: “How do you know that?” He
answered: “Because I’m here in the living room calling you. There isn’t anything / something
wrong here. By the way, why are you so late?” Well, I didn’t answer that question but he had to
explain why he had left the door open.

25. WHAT DID YOU LEARN TODAY?
 Relative pronouns
 Who
 Which
 Where
 That
 Some / Any Compounds
 Someone
 Anyone
 Something
 Anything
 Somewhere
 Anywhere