This document summarizes the key points from a presentation given by Ray E. Clore on the Global Positioning System (GPS) from the U.S. perspective. It discusses the U.S. space-based positioning, navigation, and timing policy, the current status and modernization of the GPS program, the status of GPS augmentations like WAAS, and U.S. international cooperation activities regarding GPS and other global navigation satellite systems.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only system today able to show one’s own position on the earth any time in any weather, anywhere. This paper addresses this satellite based navigation system at length. The different segments of GPS viz. space segment, control segment, user segment are discussed. In addition, how this amazing system GPS works, is clearly described. The various errors that degrade the performance of GPS are also included. DIFFERENTIAL GPS, which is used to improve the accuracy of measurements, is also studied. The need, working and implementation of DGPS are discussed at length. Finally, the paper ends with advanced application of GPS.
During the past few years, several research programs have assessed the current state and future evolution of the Low Earth Orbit region. These studies indicate that space debris density could reach a critical level such that there will be a continuous increase in the number of debris objects, primarily driven by debris-debris collision activity known as the Kessler effect. These studies also highlight the urgency for active debris removal. An Active Debris Removal System (ADRS) is capable of approaching the debris object through a close-range rendezvous, stabilizing its attitude, establishing physical connection, and finally de-orbiting the debris object. The de-orbiting phase could be powered by a chemical engine or an electrodynamic tether (EDT) system. The aim of this project is to model and evaluate a debris removal mission in which an adapted rocket upper stage, equipped with an electrodynamic tether (EDT) system, is employed for de-orbiting a debris object. This hybrid ADRS is assumed to be initially part of a launch vehicle on a normal satellite deployment mission, and a far-approach manoeuvre will be required to align the ADRS’ orbit with that of the target debris. We begin by selecting a suitable target debris and launch vehicle, and then proceed to modelling the entire debris removal mission from launch to de-orbiting of the target debris object using Analytical Graphic Inc.’s Systems Tool Kit (STK).
Presented at the 2012 Beining Space Sustainability Conference
A GEO satellite’s distance from earth gives it a large coverage area, almost a fourth of the earth’s surface and also have 24 hour view of a particular area.This will be very helpful to army,navy etc.,These factors make it ideal for satellite broadcast and other multipoint applications.Continuous monitoring is done and also cost effective in long term, risk-less.
Application of differential systems in global navigation satellite systemsAli N.Khojasteh
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) include different parts such as control and monitoring stations for the Earth and space settings. Timing, positioning, and control of navigation methods are the main outputs of GNSS. Based on Approach Procedure with Vertical guidance (APV), local and global Satellite Navigation Systems used for positioning and precision approach in aviation instead of present systems like Instrumental Landing Systems (ILS) and its future predict of ICAO. But these systems have errors in positioning and
velocity measurements. The differential corrections are determined by single or multiple reference stations. The single reference station concept is simple but the position accuracy is decreases. This article compares differential systems methods for correcting the errors.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only system today able to show one’s own position on the earth any time in any weather, anywhere. This paper addresses this satellite based navigation system at length. The different segments of GPS viz. space segment, control segment, user segment are discussed. In addition, how this amazing system GPS works, is clearly described. The various errors that degrade the performance of GPS are also included. DIFFERENTIAL GPS, which is used to improve the accuracy of measurements, is also studied. The need, working and implementation of DGPS are discussed at length. Finally, the paper ends with advanced application of GPS.
During the past few years, several research programs have assessed the current state and future evolution of the Low Earth Orbit region. These studies indicate that space debris density could reach a critical level such that there will be a continuous increase in the number of debris objects, primarily driven by debris-debris collision activity known as the Kessler effect. These studies also highlight the urgency for active debris removal. An Active Debris Removal System (ADRS) is capable of approaching the debris object through a close-range rendezvous, stabilizing its attitude, establishing physical connection, and finally de-orbiting the debris object. The de-orbiting phase could be powered by a chemical engine or an electrodynamic tether (EDT) system. The aim of this project is to model and evaluate a debris removal mission in which an adapted rocket upper stage, equipped with an electrodynamic tether (EDT) system, is employed for de-orbiting a debris object. This hybrid ADRS is assumed to be initially part of a launch vehicle on a normal satellite deployment mission, and a far-approach manoeuvre will be required to align the ADRS’ orbit with that of the target debris. We begin by selecting a suitable target debris and launch vehicle, and then proceed to modelling the entire debris removal mission from launch to de-orbiting of the target debris object using Analytical Graphic Inc.’s Systems Tool Kit (STK).
Presented at the 2012 Beining Space Sustainability Conference
A GEO satellite’s distance from earth gives it a large coverage area, almost a fourth of the earth’s surface and also have 24 hour view of a particular area.This will be very helpful to army,navy etc.,These factors make it ideal for satellite broadcast and other multipoint applications.Continuous monitoring is done and also cost effective in long term, risk-less.
Application of differential systems in global navigation satellite systemsAli N.Khojasteh
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) include different parts such as control and monitoring stations for the Earth and space settings. Timing, positioning, and control of navigation methods are the main outputs of GNSS. Based on Approach Procedure with Vertical guidance (APV), local and global Satellite Navigation Systems used for positioning and precision approach in aviation instead of present systems like Instrumental Landing Systems (ILS) and its future predict of ICAO. But these systems have errors in positioning and
velocity measurements. The differential corrections are determined by single or multiple reference stations. The single reference station concept is simple but the position accuracy is decreases. This article compares differential systems methods for correcting the errors.
In the preparation for the Geodetic Engineering Licensure Examination, the BSGE students must memorized the Laws, Rules and Regulations governing the GEODETIC CONTROL SURVEY in the Philippines, execute the survey, preparation of GEODETIC CONTROL SURVEY survey returns and IVAS of GEODETIC CONTROL SURVEY returns.
Mercury CubeSat Presentation for ASAT2016Karen Grothe
An abridged version of my Capstone project for my Systems Engineering Masters Degree program. Presented at AIAA OC ASAT in April 2016. (Virtually the same as my INCOSE RMC presentation.)
Time, Change and Habits in Geospatial-Temporal Information StandardsGeorge Percivall
Keynote for HIC 2014 – 11th International Conference on Hydroinformatics, New York, USA August 17 – 21, 2014
Time, Change and Habits in Geospatial-Temporal Information Standards
Time and change are fundamental to our scientific understanding of the world. Standards for geospatial-temporal information exist but new needs outstrip current standards. Geospatial-temporal information includes capturing change in features and coverages and modeling the processes that inform change. Key standards for time, calendars, and temporal reference systems are in place. Time series modeling from the WaterML standard is a recent advance of high value to hydrology. The OGC Moving Features standard will establish an encoding format for changes in “rigid” features. Interoperability standards are needed for Coverages with values that change based on observations, analytical expressions, or simulations. Applying a coverage model to time-varying, fluid Earth systems was the topic of the ground breaking GALEON Interoperability Experiment. Standards developments for spatial-temporal process models is progressing with WPS, OpenMI and ESMF - supporting a Model Web concept. A robust framework for sharing geospatial-temporal information is now coming into place based on developments captured in standards by ISO, WMO, ITU, ICSU and OGC - including the newly established OGC Temporal domain working group. The new framework will enable capabilities in expressing and sharing scientific investigations including research on the emergence of forms over time. With these new capabilities we may come to understand Peirce’s observation that over time “all things have a tendency to take habits.”
Brilliant Lecture delivered to me in Alagappa Engineering college Workshop.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite
based radio navigation system provided by the
United States Department of Defence. It gives
unequaled accuracy and flexibility in positioning
for navigation, surveying and GIS data collection.
Presentation by ICOS DG Werner Kutsch at the UNFCCC Earth Information Day in UN COP22 on Tue 8 November 2016.
See the Earth Information Day programme: http://unfccc.int/science/workstreams/items/9949.php
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
1. The Global Positioning System:
Policy, Program Status and
International Activities
15th
Korean Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS) Workshop
Busan, Republic of Korea
October 30-31, 2008
Ray E. Clore
Senior Advisor for GPS-Galileo Issues
Office of Space and Advanced Technology
U.S. Department of State
2. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
Overview
• U.S. Space -Based Positioning, Navigation
and Timing (PNT) Policy
• GPS Program Status and Modernization
• GPS Augmentations Status
• U.S. International Activities
3. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008 3
2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy
• Provide GPS and
augmentations free of direct
user fees on a continuous,
worldwide basis
• Provide open, free access to
information needed to
develop equipment
• Improve performance of
GPS and augmentations to
meet or exceed that of
international systems
• Encourage international
development of PNT
systems based on GPS
• Seek to ensure
international systems are
interoperable with civil
GPS and augmentations
• Address mutual security
concerns with
international providers to
prevent hostile use
4. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008 4
2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy
• Recognizes the changing international scene
– Other nations are implementing space-based systems that provide
PNT services
• National Executive Committee (EXCOM) for Space-Based
PNT
– Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation
– Membership includes: State, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce,
Homeland Security, Joint Chiefs of Staff and NASA
• National Coordination Office (NCO)
– Established with staff from member agencies
• National Space-Based PNT Advisory Board
5. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
Overview
• U.S. Space -Based Positioning, Navigation
and Timing (PNT) Policy
• GPS Program Status and Modernization
• GPS Augmentations Status
• U.S. International Activities
6. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008 6
Current Constellation
• 11 Block IIA satellites operational
• 12 Block IIR satellites operational
• 6 Block IIR-M satellites operational
– Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)
– 2 Block IIR-M satellites remain to be launched
• Continuously assessing constellation
health to determine launch need
– Next IIR-M launch planned for early 2009
– First IIF projected for launch mid 2009
• Global GPS civil service performance
commitment met continuously since 1993
29 Operational Satellites
(Nominal Constellation: 24)
29 Operational Satellites
(Nominal Constellation: 24)
7. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
Current GPS Accuracy
• Signal-In-Space (SIS) User Range Error (URE): 0.92 m RMS
• User Position Error (maximum): 4 – 8 meters
• User Position Error (observed): 2 – 4 meters
Signal-in-Space User Range
Error (SIS URE) the difference
between a GPS satellite’s
navigation data (position and
clock) and the truth, projected on
the line-of-sight to the user
4.6
4.3
3
2.7
1.8
1.5
1.1 1 0.92
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1990 1992 1994 1996 1997 2001 2004 2006 2007
RMSSISURE(m)
2000 ORD
8. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008 8
GPS Modernization
• System-wide improvements in:
– Accuracy
– Availability
– Integrity
– Reliability
• Backward compatibility
• Robustness against interference
• Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use
• Interoperability with other space-based PNT systems
9. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008 9
Modernized GPS – Civil Signals
• Second civil signal (“L2C”) starts with GPS Block IIR-M
– Designed to meet commercial needs
• Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction
• Higher effective power and improved data structure reduce interference
• Speed up signal acquisition and enable miniaturization of receivers
– First Launch Sep 2006; expect 24 satellites: ~2016
• Third civil signal (“L5”) starts with GPS Block IIF
– Designed to meet requirements for transportation safety-of-life (aviation)
• Highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band
– First launch: ~2009; 24 satellites: ~2018
• Fourth civil signal (“L1C”) starts with GPS Block III
– Designed with international partners to enable GNSS interoperability
– First launch: ~2014; 24 satellites: ~2021
10. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
Recent GPS Program
Accomplishments
• Completed GPS Architecture Evolution Plan (AEP)
– Transitioned to new GPS Ground Control Segment – Sept. 2007
– Activated fully capable backup GPS Operations Center at VAFB, CA
• Announced GPS III without Selective Availability – Sept
2007
• Awarded GPS OCX Development Contracts -Nov 2007
• ICAO accepted updated U.S. offer on GPS/SPS and WAAS
• Launched two GPS-IIR(M) satellites (Dec 07/Mar 08)
• Awarded GPS IIIA Contract - May 2008
10
11. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
Overview
• U.S. Space -Based Positioning, Navigation
and Timing (PNT) Policy
• GPS Program Status and Modernization
• GPS Augmentations Status
• U.S. International Activities
12. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
WAAS Architecture
38 Reference
Stations
3 Master
Stations
4 Ground
Earth Stations
2 Geostationary
Satellite Links
2 Operational
Control Centers
13. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
Geostationary Satellites (GEO)
Telesat
107°W
PanAmSat
133°W
14. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
WAAS Avionics Status
• General Aviation
– Over 37,000 Units Sold
– Increasing at ~1000 Units Per Month
– New Products Coming to Market in Late 2008
• Business & Regional Aircraft
– Over 500 Units Sold Since 2007
– Two Additional Products Coming to Market in Late 2008
– Cessna CJs Delivering with WAAS Avionics in 2009
– Acceptance Rates Should Increase Significantly in 2009
• Air Carrier & Cargo Aircraft
– Southwest Airlines Equipping 200 Boeing 737s
– Federal Express Has Equipped 253 Caravan Aircraft
– Horizon Airlines Equipping 48 Bombardier Aircraft
• Helicopter Aircraft Implementing WAAS
– Significant Growth Projected for First Responders
• WAAS Avionics are Interoperable with Other SBASs
15. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
WAAS Approach Procedures
- Projected to Exceed Legacy Systems, eg. ILS By Sep 2008 -
WAAS Procedures to be Published to All
Instrument Runways in the NAS
by 2018
September 2008
• 1,333 WAAS LPV
Approach Procedures
•783 at non-ILS runways
•329 at non-ILS airports
16. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
Future WAAS Considerations
• GNSS Modernization
– GPS Dual Frequency (L1/L5) Service Provides Foundation
– Potential for Larger GNSS or Use of Multiple GNSS
Constellations
– User Equipment Standards Development for New Signals
• WAAS Dual Frequency Upgrade
– Determine Appropriate Level of Dual Frequency Integration
Required to Maximize Benefit With Minimum Impact
• Established GNSS Evolutionary Architecture Study
(GEAS) to Investigate Long Range Planning for Dual
Frequency GPS
– Develop Architectural Alternatives to Provide Worldwide LPV-
200 Service in the ~2020-2030 Timeframe
– Leverage Lessons Learned on WAAS/LAAS to Identify the Best
Architecture Alternative to Meet Aviation Integrity
Requirements
17. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
National Differential GPS
• Operated/managed by USCG/NAVCEN as a
joint system with Maritime DGPS
• Extension of Maritime DGPS
– Corrections broadcast at 285 and 325 kHz using Minimum shift
Keying (MSK) modulation
– Real-time differential GPS corrections provided in Radio
Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) SC-104
format
– No data encryption
– Real-time differential corrections for terrestrial mobile and static
applications
– Single coverage on the ground over 92% of CONUS; double
coverage over 65% of CONUS
18. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
National Differential GPS (2)
• Accuracy: < 1 meter at broadcast site
– Degrades at an approximate rate of 1 meter for each
150 km distance from site
– Typical user equipment achieves 1-2 meter horizontal
accuracies throughout the coverage area, in real time
– High-end user equipment achieves accuracies better
than 1 meter, real time
• Availability: 99%+
• Integrity: alarm within 6 seconds; site monitors
• Fix rate: 1-20 per second, three dimensional
19. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 200809/15/08 19
National Differential GPS (3)ed
DGPS Coverage Today
20. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
• Surveys: Land, roads, hydrological and
environmental location, and management and
maintenance
• Inventory and asset management: Infrastructure
asset location, assessment, management, maintenance
and protection
• Utilities: Location, management, and maintenance
• Roadside management: Precision application of
pesticides, runoff minimization, avoidance of
protected species, roadside features (condition and
location)
• Law Enforcement: Incident location and reporting,
emergency response
NDGPS Highway Applications
21. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
NDGPS Applications
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
requires two meter accuracy to
position dredges
22. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
• NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center
uses M/NDGPS data to map the spatial
distribution of free electrons in the
ionosphere, once every 15 minutes
and delays the arrival of GS
The distribution of free
electrons in the ionosphere
affects HF radio
communication and delays
the arrival of GPS signals
that is interpreted as
position errors, which can
be as large as 100 meters in
extreme cases.trge as 100
meters in extreme cases
NDGPS Monitoring of Space Weather
23. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
National Continuously Operating
Reference Stations (CORS)
• Managed by NOAA
– 1,200+ sites
– 200+ public, private,
academic organizations
• Provides highly accurate,
3-D positioning
– Centimeter-level precision
– Tied to National Spatial
Reference System
• Uses include land management, coastal monitoring, civil
engineering, boundary determination, mapping,
geographical information systems, geophysical and
infrastructure monitoring, and future improvements to
weather prediction and climate monitoring
24. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008
Overview
• U.S. Space -Based Positioning, Navigation
and Timing (PNT) Policy
• GPS Program Status and Modernization
• GPS Augmentations Status
• U.S. International Activities
25. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008 25
2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy
(Excerpts focused on International Relations)
Goals:
• U.S. space-based PNT systems and services remain essential
components of internationally accepted PNT services
• Promote U.S. technological leadership in applications involving space-
based PNT services
To achieve this, the United States Government shall:
• Encourage foreign development of PNT services/systems based on GPS
– Seek to ensure foreign space-based PNT systems are interoperable with civil GPS and
augmentations
– At a minimum, ensure compatibility
The Secretary of State shall:
• Promote the use of civil aspects of GPS and its augmentation services
and standards with foreign governments and other international
organizations
• Lead negotiations with foreign governments and international
organizations regarding civil PNT matters
27. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008 27
U.S. Objectives in Working with Other
GNSS Service Providers
• Ensure compatibility ― ability of U.S. and non-U.S.
space-based PNT services to be used separately or
together without interfering with each individual
service or signal
– Radio frequency compatibility
– Spectral separation between M-code and other signals
• Achieve interoperability – ability of civil U.S. and
non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used together
to provide the user better capabilities than would be
achieved by relying solely on one service or signal
– Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals
• Ensure a level playing field in the global marketplace
Pursue through Bi-lateral and
Multi-lateral Cooperation
28. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008 28
The Goal of RNSS Civil
Interoperability
• Ideal interoperability
allows navigation
with one signal each
from four or more
systems with no
additional receiver
cost or complexity
Interoperable = Better Together than Separate
GPS
QZSS
GALILEO
COMPASS
IRNSS
GLONASS
29. 15th
Korean GNSS Workshop, Busan, October 30-31, 2008 29
U.S. - Europe Cooperation
• U.S.-EU agreement signed in 2004 provides solid
foundation for cooperation
• Four working groups were set up under the agreement:
– Technical, trade, and security issues working groups have met
• Improved new civil
signal (MBOC) adopted
in July 2007
• First Plenary Meeting
in October 2008
June 26, 2004, press conference at U.S.-EU Summit in Ireland (U.S.
Sec. of State Colin Powell, Irish Foreign Minister Brian Cowen, EU
Vice-President Loyola De Palacio)
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U.S. - Russian Federation Cooperation
• U.S.- Russia Joint Statement issued in
December 2004
• Negotiations for a U.S.-Russia Agreement on
satellite navigation cooperation have been
underway since late 2005
• Several very productive technical working group
meetings have been held:
– Russia WG-1 chair proposed adopting two new civil
CDMA signals at L1, L5 to be interoperable with GPS
– Still under discussion within the Russian Government
– Next WG-1 meeting is planned for December 2008
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U.S. - Japan Cooperation
• Japan’s status as a world leader in GPS
applications and user equipment makes it an
important partner
• Regular policy consultations and technical
meetings on GPS cooperation began in 1996 and
led to the 1998 Clinton-Obuchi Joint Statement
• Both countries have benefited from the close
relationship:
– QZSS is designed to be compatible and interoperable
with GPS
– U.S. working with Japan to set up QZSS monitoring
stations in Hawaii and Guam
• Next plenary meeting is planned in Nov. 2008
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U.S. - India Cooperation
• Policy and technical consultations on GPS
cooperation underway since 2005
– One aim is to ensure interoperability between GPS
augmentation system WAAS and India’s planned
GAGAN augmentation system based on GPS
– Another important topic is ionospheric distortion and
solutions
• U.S.-India Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation
issued in February 2007 in Washington
– Bi-lateral meeting held in Bangalore in September 2007
– Technical Meeting focused on GPS-IRNSS compatibility
and interoperability held in January and July 2008
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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
GNSS Implementation Team (GIT)
• Promote implementation of regional GNSS
augmentation systems to enhance inter-modal
transportation and recommend actions to be
considered in the Asia Pacific Region
• Reports to Transportation Working Group (TPT-
WG) through the Inter-modal Experts Group (IEG)
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APEC GNSS recent activities
• Thailand with the support of AEROTHAI hosted a GNSS
Technological Innovation Summit in May 2008
• Completed the successful $1 million GNSS test bed
project, located in Bangkok and funded by the U.S. Trade
and Development Administration and supported by the
U.S. FAA
• Updated the Terms of Reference to take account of
environmental benefits
• Achieved consensus on a project proposal to survey and
assess current applications for surface transportation
utilizing GNSS
• Adopted a Program of Action
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APEC TPT-WG Outcome
• The GNSS Implementation Team (GIT) reported to
the Inter-modal Experts Group (IEG).
• The IEG was impressed with the GNSS
Technological Innovation Summit and the GIT 12
Outcomes and forwarded project proposal to APEC.
• GIT contributed to the deliberations in all four
working groups (Inter-modal, Maritime Safety,
Maritime Experts and Aviation).
• Interest expressed in learning more about GNSS in
the Plenary and in the maritime safety group at the
next APEC Transportation Working Group.
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International Committee on Global
Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG)
• Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on the Exploration
and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space July 1999
– Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into
infrastructures, particularly in developing countries
– Encourage compatibility and interoperability among
global and regional systems
• Members include:
– GNSS providers (U.S., EU, Russia, China, India, Japan)
– Other Member States of the United Nations
– International organizations/associations
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International Committee on Global
Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG)
• ICG-2 held in September, 2007 in India
• Established Providers Forum to address
common issues
• Began implementation of the ICG Work Plan
within established working groups:
– A. Interoperability and compatibility
– B. Enhancement of performance of GNSS services
– C. Information dissemination, education, outreach &
coordination
– D. Interaction with monitoring & reference station
network organizations
• U.S. will host the 3rd ICG in December 2008
– http://www.geolinks.org/ICG3/
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ICG Providers Forum
• Six space segment providers listed previously are members
• Purpose:
– Focused discussions on compatibility and interoperability,
encouraging development of complimentary systems
– Exchange of detailed information on systems and service provision
plans
– Exchange views on ICG work plan and activities
• Consensus reached at the first meeting on general
definitions for compatibility and interoperability
– Including spectral separation between each system’s authorized
service signals and other systems’ signals
http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SAP/gnss/icg.html
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Summary
• As new space-based GNSS are emerging
globally, interoperability is the key to
“success for all”
• U.S. is actively engaged in bi-lateral, regional,
and multi-lateral cooperation on space-based
navigation issues
• International cooperation in the context of
National Space-Based PNT Policy principles is a
top priority for the U.S. Government
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Contact Information
Ray E. Clore
Senior Advisor for GPS-Galileo issues
Office of Space and Advanced Technology
U.S. Department of State
1990 K Street NW, Suite 410
Washington, D.C. 20006
202-663-2394 (office)
clorere@state.gov
http://www.state.gov/g/oes/sat/
Editor's Notes
- URE is measured per individual satellite.
- URE root mean squared (RMS) values differ depending on the age of data. The more current the ephemeris and clock data and the more recent the navigation upload to the satellite, the lower the URE.
User Position Error includes data from as many GPS satellites that are in view of the receiver at the time of the fix.
GPS Support Center Website:
http://gps.afspc.af.mil/gpsoc/performance_reports.aspx
The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) is one of 4 Space Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) in operation or in development around the globe. The Japanese MSAS, and Indian GAGAN systems are derivatives of the U.S. WAAS, and the EU has the EGNOS system.
WAAS is in it’s final configuration with 38 Wide Area Reference Stations (WRS) feeding data to 3 Wide Area Master Stations (WMS), that compute GPS corrections and integrity information which is forwarded to four geographically dispersed Ground Earth Stations (GES), and uplinked the messages to two geostationary earth orbiting (GEO) satellites and broadcast to the users. The system is controlled from two Operational Control Centers (OCC), one located at the National Operational Command Center (NOCC) in Herndon, VA and the second located at the Pacific Operational Control Center (POCC) in San Diego, CA.
WAAS currently relies on the services of 2 leased geostationary satellites, located at 133W and 107W to provide dual coverage over nearly all of the U.S. and Alaska. Within the GEO footprint, users receive basic corrections and ranging signals to augment accuracy and availability for lateral navigation.
The user transition to WAAS continues. Currently over 33,000 general aviation units have been sold and that number increases at approximately 1000 units per month. In late 2008, Bendix King is expected to bring a new general aviation product to market, which should further increase the user acceptance rate. In the business and regional market, over 500 units have been sold for retrofit on aircraft with flight management systems, since 2007. By late 2008, two additional flight management systems manufacturers are expected to bring products to market, which should significantly increase the acceptance rate in 2009 and beyond. Air carrier and cargo aircraft are also equipping with WAAS. Southwest airlines is equipping 200 Boeing 737s, Federal Express has equipped 253 Caravans, and Horizon airlines is equipping 48 of their Bombardier aircraft. We also have received significant interest from the helicopter first responder community.
In order to fly an LPV approach, users require a published instrument approach procedure, which is the chart the pilot refers to in flight. There are currently 1084 procedures published and we expect that number to exceed legacy instrument landing systems by September 2008. By 2018, all qualifying runways in the National Airspace System (NAS) will have a published WAAS instrument approach procedure.
