This document provides an overview of GPRS and EDGE mobile networks. It discusses key topics such as services, architecture, mobility management, session management, and transmission on BSS networks. The summary covers the introduction to GPRS, the new core network architecture including interfaces and protocol stacks, and temporary identities used for mobility management.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a presentation on the Russian broadband market. It includes sections on global broadband trends, the Russian ICT market situation, fixed and wireless networks in Russia, and the top 10 things to do in the Russian broadband sector. Slides cover topics like broadband forecasts, infrastructure, bandwidth, satellite services, and market projections. The presentation aims to analyze opportunities in the growing Russian broadband industry.
Evaluating Approaches to Building DPI into an LTE Network at the PDN Gateway ...Continuous Computing
Presentation delivered at Broadband Traffic Management Congress on November 2010 entitled, "Evaluating Approaches to Building DPI into an LTE Network at the PDN Gateway and Esuring Scalability"
Logica E mobility payments and communications logica roadmap swedenMartin Högenberg
This document discusses Logica's expertise and solutions for electric vehicles and smart grids in Sweden and beyond. It outlines that Logica has:
- Over 1,200,000 energy visualizations in Sweden and manages over 4,000 wind farms and 11 of 16 central market solutions.
- Developed the Charge point interactive Management System (CiMS) to manage electric vehicle charging networks, ensuring identification, authorization, billing and more across networks.
- Works with utilities across Scandinavia to provide meter-to-cash and market communication software and aims to increase interoperability between countries.
Sip vo ip-ims-convergence-d2-10 at kishoreAT Kishore
This document discusses emerging trends toward convergence in communications markets and focuses on how SIP profiles can benefit from convergence. It recommends the following action plan for service providers to successfully adopt a convergence model: (1) Start working now with Alcatel-Lucent on defining SIP profiles and services to support convergence; (2) Begin product development and trials of convergence services now to be ready for commercial launch in 2008; (3) Leverage existing prototype applications and services to trial convergence concepts with major operators. The goal is to get started immediately to be prepared for long-term success in converged markets.
This presentation was shown at LTE World summit 2010 in Amsterdam illustrating Continuous Computing's LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies and expertise. The presentation covers:
•Supporting early development of nontraditional products for use on LTE networks
•Building a broad ecosystem of devices in parallel with LTE deployment what should the role of the operator be?
•Removing business and technical barriers and defining new models to accelerate mass adoption of new services and devices
Wireless Broadband Delivers The 21st Centuryandrescarvallo
The document discusses the growth and impact of wireless technologies over the next 10 years. Some key points:
1) A study found that the wireless industry will create 3 million jobs and save enterprises $600 billion over the next 10 years through reduced costs and increased productivity.
2) Wireless technologies go through cycles of adoption driven by reaching critical price points, critical mass usage, displacing older technologies, and achieving near-zero costs.
3) The document discusses the growth of wireless broadband for both network-based technologies used by carriers and enterprises and client-based technologies used by end users.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a presentation on the Russian broadband market. It includes sections on global broadband trends, the Russian ICT market situation, fixed and wireless networks in Russia, and the top 10 things to do in the Russian broadband sector. Slides cover topics like broadband forecasts, infrastructure, bandwidth, satellite services, and market projections. The presentation aims to analyze opportunities in the growing Russian broadband industry.
Evaluating Approaches to Building DPI into an LTE Network at the PDN Gateway ...Continuous Computing
Presentation delivered at Broadband Traffic Management Congress on November 2010 entitled, "Evaluating Approaches to Building DPI into an LTE Network at the PDN Gateway and Esuring Scalability"
Logica E mobility payments and communications logica roadmap swedenMartin Högenberg
This document discusses Logica's expertise and solutions for electric vehicles and smart grids in Sweden and beyond. It outlines that Logica has:
- Over 1,200,000 energy visualizations in Sweden and manages over 4,000 wind farms and 11 of 16 central market solutions.
- Developed the Charge point interactive Management System (CiMS) to manage electric vehicle charging networks, ensuring identification, authorization, billing and more across networks.
- Works with utilities across Scandinavia to provide meter-to-cash and market communication software and aims to increase interoperability between countries.
Sip vo ip-ims-convergence-d2-10 at kishoreAT Kishore
This document discusses emerging trends toward convergence in communications markets and focuses on how SIP profiles can benefit from convergence. It recommends the following action plan for service providers to successfully adopt a convergence model: (1) Start working now with Alcatel-Lucent on defining SIP profiles and services to support convergence; (2) Begin product development and trials of convergence services now to be ready for commercial launch in 2008; (3) Leverage existing prototype applications and services to trial convergence concepts with major operators. The goal is to get started immediately to be prepared for long-term success in converged markets.
This presentation was shown at LTE World summit 2010 in Amsterdam illustrating Continuous Computing's LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies and expertise. The presentation covers:
•Supporting early development of nontraditional products for use on LTE networks
•Building a broad ecosystem of devices in parallel with LTE deployment what should the role of the operator be?
•Removing business and technical barriers and defining new models to accelerate mass adoption of new services and devices
Wireless Broadband Delivers The 21st Centuryandrescarvallo
The document discusses the growth and impact of wireless technologies over the next 10 years. Some key points:
1) A study found that the wireless industry will create 3 million jobs and save enterprises $600 billion over the next 10 years through reduced costs and increased productivity.
2) Wireless technologies go through cycles of adoption driven by reaching critical price points, critical mass usage, displacing older technologies, and achieving near-zero costs.
3) The document discusses the growth of wireless broadband for both network-based technologies used by carriers and enterprises and client-based technologies used by end users.
The document discusses how ZigBee contributes to a greener society through its Smart Energy and Green Power profiles. ZigBee Smart Energy enables demand response and energy management through smart meters and other devices, helping utilities better manage energy usage. It has been proposed as an international standard and endorsed in both the US and Europe. ZigBee Green Power allows wireless sensors to use energy harvesting technologies rather than batteries, reducing environmental impact. Together these profiles help achieve sustainability goals through more efficient energy usage and management of the power grid.
Tomas Lamanauskas, Deputy Director General at the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority in Bahrain discusses how the country is liberalizing its communications provision and moving from service based competition to infrastructure based competition
This presentation was displayed at MWC 2011 covering the following topics: Traffic Management, Internet Offload Gateway, DPI, Adaptive Traffic Shaping, and Policy Enforcement.
This document summarizes T-Mobile's role as a leader in the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) initiative. It outlines T-Mobile's "always connected" vision and discusses how Moore's Law is driving exponential growth in broadband demand. The document then reviews the evolution of mobile technologies like 2G, 3G, and 4G LTE, and describes NGMN's goals of delivering a high-quality user experience at sustainable costs. It concludes by discussing T-Mobile's trials of NGMN technology and the keys to its successful adoption.
CFO Network Event May 2012 - Presentation by Stephen MyersAzure Group
Presentation for CFO Australia network event held in conjunction with the Institute of Chartered Accountants on the impact of the NBN on Australian business
Fibocom G600 and G610 are GPRS modules designed for M2M applications. They feature small size, low power consumption, and reliable data transmission. The modules support various cellular bands and industrial temperature ranges, making them suitable for applications in automotive telematics, smart grids, payment, healthcare, and more. They include features like TCP/IP stacks, MMS, and various interfaces to integrate with peripheral devices.
PPT by Jose Recio presented at IMTC 2025 Forum, during the Triple Play in the living room panel.
In this ppt is explained how using currently available javascript frameworks for tv widgets or STB apps, you can create a view of a more complex Rich Communication Suite client in a shared platform in the cloud, becoming feasible a real triple play and making true common experience for enhanced mesaging and UC also in the TV screen.
Enron Broadband Services is a wholly owned subsidiary of Enron that aims to become the leading global e-commerce delivery platform. It combines Enron's intelligent private fiber network with bandwidth solutions and streaming media applications. The Enron Intelligent Network was developed to deliver broadband content with higher quality and reliability than the public Internet. Enron Broadband Services works with major suppliers and has a fiber network spanning major US cities and plans to expand globally.
Buente - Curso TV Digital Terrestre Buenos Aires - Marzo 2011 #Jão Pablo
The document discusses trends in the telecommunications industry and Argentina's plan to expand internet access. It outlines how internet traffic is growing exponentially due to more users, devices, and video content. It also describes how user behavior has changed from one-way communication to two-way experiences and text to video. The plan proposes a new model focused on enabling applications through a converged network that provides scalability, intelligence and converged services.
Francesca Mondello of Telecom Italia presented new perspectives for intelligent transportation system (ITS) services. Telecom Italia has assets like its mobile network, broadband infrastructure, and applications platforms that enable ITS services. These services can be vehicle-based using on-board units, user-centered through mobile devices, or support infomobility and sustainability goals. Examples of services discussed include fleet management, public transport information, stolen vehicle recovery, and location-based SMS alerts. Telecom Italia aims to partner with other companies and organizations to create new ITS offerings that leverage its network capabilities.
This presentation was given as part of the April 21, 2010 Northwest Clean Energy Resource Team meeting on Smart Grid Technology in Northwest Minnesota.
Event | LTE Americas
Manish Singh, VP of Product Line Management, Continuous Computing
When: Wednesday, November 4th, 2009
Topic: Embedding LTE into Notebooks and Consumer Devices, How Important will this be for the Success
of LTE?
• Importance of having notebooks and devices that are embedded with LTE chipsets
• How soon will dual mode CDMA and LTE embedded devices become available
• Examining the market opportunities for LTE devices, what is possible and when will this become a reality?
• What challenges do consumer electronics companies face with embedding devices with wireless
connectivity?
• Are consumer electronics companies willing to subsidise devices that have LTE connectivity?
This document provides information about TechTree IT Systems, an IT service provider founded in 2005. It details TechTree's vision, organizational history, solutions for various industries including e-commerce, mobile applications, products, global presence, and employee benefits. The document includes case studies of projects completed for clients such as IRCTC, Standard Chartered, and Malayala Manorama.
4G Mobile: Opportunities and Challenges in IndonesiaArief Gunawan
Telkom Indonesia presented on 4G networks in Indonesia. Key points included:
1) Indonesia has a large population with growing internet and mobile penetration, presenting opportunities for 4G networks and applications.
2) Telkom Indonesia is conducting LTE and HSPA+ trials and planning WiMAX deployment in 2010 as it moves toward 4G networks.
3) Indonesia allocated the 3.3 GHz and 2.3 GHz spectrum bands for WiMAX, designating operators and blocks. Frequency exclusivity and incentives are used to encourage investment in rural networks.
This document provides an overview of e-readiness self-assessment and manuals for improving countries' e-readiness. It discusses conducting self-assessments to determine a country's level of e-readiness as basic, developing, or advanced. Factors to evaluate include e-leadership, infrastructure, IT, policies, and regulations. The document outlines strategies, prerequisites, and funding systems for each e-readiness level and establishing an ICT program within NAM countries.
This document provides guidelines to improve e-readiness at different levels:
1. It outlines the unique characteristics of ICT and presents prerequisites, challenges, and focus areas for building e-readiness.
2. It describes three levels of e-readiness - basic, developing, and advanced - and strategies for each level, including developing initial infrastructure, increasing ICT penetration, promoting usage, and exploring innovation.
3. For the basic level, it emphasizes introducing ICT to society, demonstrating government support, developing education and awareness, and establishing basic connectivity and resources.
1) Scandinavian open access networks have had 5 years of success with over 800,000 active FTTH users in Sweden, more than 50% using city networks.
2) The open access model separates the network infrastructure owner, active network operator, and retail service providers allowing each to focus on their core competencies.
3) Lessons from Scandinavian open access networks include building flexibility into the network design to adapt to changes, educating end-users, and involving municipalities which aids rural development.
Microsoft Power Point Analysing The Han Firmware Maintenance Problemimpodgirl
This document summarizes the challenges involved in remotely upgrading the firmware of home area networks (HANs) that will be installed in millions of households. It notes that utilities will need to remotely upgrade HAN firmware but dispatching trucks to each home is cost prohibitive. The document then examines the capabilities and limitations of various home networks and the smart grid infrastructure in supporting remote firmware upgrades. It concludes that upgrading an entire HAN-enabled service area is not practical using the least capable smart meter networks and that standards are needed for HAN firmware distribution and discovery.
The document discusses future trends in the telecom and media industries that will lead to their integration. It outlines three scenarios for how the industries could evolve: 1) "All cloud" where operators provide only connectivity with no value add, 2) "Mobile play" where industry definitions remain stable with limited convergence, and 3) "Full service world" where operators integrate across the value chain. It then discusses trends like net neutrality, social communications displacing telcos, and access to content from any device. New commercial models and partnerships will be needed for operators to capture revenue as consumption patterns change. Russian realities are also discussed, noting data usage is surging while consumer behavior follows global trends.
EDGE is a mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM. It enhances 2.5G GSM/GPRS networks by using modulation techniques like 8-PSK to triple data rates compared to normal GPRS connections. EDGE requires minimal hardware or software changes and allows over 90% of existing GSM operators to provide faster internet access through their networks.
The document discusses how ZigBee contributes to a greener society through its Smart Energy and Green Power profiles. ZigBee Smart Energy enables demand response and energy management through smart meters and other devices, helping utilities better manage energy usage. It has been proposed as an international standard and endorsed in both the US and Europe. ZigBee Green Power allows wireless sensors to use energy harvesting technologies rather than batteries, reducing environmental impact. Together these profiles help achieve sustainability goals through more efficient energy usage and management of the power grid.
Tomas Lamanauskas, Deputy Director General at the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority in Bahrain discusses how the country is liberalizing its communications provision and moving from service based competition to infrastructure based competition
This presentation was displayed at MWC 2011 covering the following topics: Traffic Management, Internet Offload Gateway, DPI, Adaptive Traffic Shaping, and Policy Enforcement.
This document summarizes T-Mobile's role as a leader in the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) initiative. It outlines T-Mobile's "always connected" vision and discusses how Moore's Law is driving exponential growth in broadband demand. The document then reviews the evolution of mobile technologies like 2G, 3G, and 4G LTE, and describes NGMN's goals of delivering a high-quality user experience at sustainable costs. It concludes by discussing T-Mobile's trials of NGMN technology and the keys to its successful adoption.
CFO Network Event May 2012 - Presentation by Stephen MyersAzure Group
Presentation for CFO Australia network event held in conjunction with the Institute of Chartered Accountants on the impact of the NBN on Australian business
Fibocom G600 and G610 are GPRS modules designed for M2M applications. They feature small size, low power consumption, and reliable data transmission. The modules support various cellular bands and industrial temperature ranges, making them suitable for applications in automotive telematics, smart grids, payment, healthcare, and more. They include features like TCP/IP stacks, MMS, and various interfaces to integrate with peripheral devices.
PPT by Jose Recio presented at IMTC 2025 Forum, during the Triple Play in the living room panel.
In this ppt is explained how using currently available javascript frameworks for tv widgets or STB apps, you can create a view of a more complex Rich Communication Suite client in a shared platform in the cloud, becoming feasible a real triple play and making true common experience for enhanced mesaging and UC also in the TV screen.
Enron Broadband Services is a wholly owned subsidiary of Enron that aims to become the leading global e-commerce delivery platform. It combines Enron's intelligent private fiber network with bandwidth solutions and streaming media applications. The Enron Intelligent Network was developed to deliver broadband content with higher quality and reliability than the public Internet. Enron Broadband Services works with major suppliers and has a fiber network spanning major US cities and plans to expand globally.
Buente - Curso TV Digital Terrestre Buenos Aires - Marzo 2011 #Jão Pablo
The document discusses trends in the telecommunications industry and Argentina's plan to expand internet access. It outlines how internet traffic is growing exponentially due to more users, devices, and video content. It also describes how user behavior has changed from one-way communication to two-way experiences and text to video. The plan proposes a new model focused on enabling applications through a converged network that provides scalability, intelligence and converged services.
Francesca Mondello of Telecom Italia presented new perspectives for intelligent transportation system (ITS) services. Telecom Italia has assets like its mobile network, broadband infrastructure, and applications platforms that enable ITS services. These services can be vehicle-based using on-board units, user-centered through mobile devices, or support infomobility and sustainability goals. Examples of services discussed include fleet management, public transport information, stolen vehicle recovery, and location-based SMS alerts. Telecom Italia aims to partner with other companies and organizations to create new ITS offerings that leverage its network capabilities.
This presentation was given as part of the April 21, 2010 Northwest Clean Energy Resource Team meeting on Smart Grid Technology in Northwest Minnesota.
Event | LTE Americas
Manish Singh, VP of Product Line Management, Continuous Computing
When: Wednesday, November 4th, 2009
Topic: Embedding LTE into Notebooks and Consumer Devices, How Important will this be for the Success
of LTE?
• Importance of having notebooks and devices that are embedded with LTE chipsets
• How soon will dual mode CDMA and LTE embedded devices become available
• Examining the market opportunities for LTE devices, what is possible and when will this become a reality?
• What challenges do consumer electronics companies face with embedding devices with wireless
connectivity?
• Are consumer electronics companies willing to subsidise devices that have LTE connectivity?
This document provides information about TechTree IT Systems, an IT service provider founded in 2005. It details TechTree's vision, organizational history, solutions for various industries including e-commerce, mobile applications, products, global presence, and employee benefits. The document includes case studies of projects completed for clients such as IRCTC, Standard Chartered, and Malayala Manorama.
4G Mobile: Opportunities and Challenges in IndonesiaArief Gunawan
Telkom Indonesia presented on 4G networks in Indonesia. Key points included:
1) Indonesia has a large population with growing internet and mobile penetration, presenting opportunities for 4G networks and applications.
2) Telkom Indonesia is conducting LTE and HSPA+ trials and planning WiMAX deployment in 2010 as it moves toward 4G networks.
3) Indonesia allocated the 3.3 GHz and 2.3 GHz spectrum bands for WiMAX, designating operators and blocks. Frequency exclusivity and incentives are used to encourage investment in rural networks.
This document provides an overview of e-readiness self-assessment and manuals for improving countries' e-readiness. It discusses conducting self-assessments to determine a country's level of e-readiness as basic, developing, or advanced. Factors to evaluate include e-leadership, infrastructure, IT, policies, and regulations. The document outlines strategies, prerequisites, and funding systems for each e-readiness level and establishing an ICT program within NAM countries.
This document provides guidelines to improve e-readiness at different levels:
1. It outlines the unique characteristics of ICT and presents prerequisites, challenges, and focus areas for building e-readiness.
2. It describes three levels of e-readiness - basic, developing, and advanced - and strategies for each level, including developing initial infrastructure, increasing ICT penetration, promoting usage, and exploring innovation.
3. For the basic level, it emphasizes introducing ICT to society, demonstrating government support, developing education and awareness, and establishing basic connectivity and resources.
1) Scandinavian open access networks have had 5 years of success with over 800,000 active FTTH users in Sweden, more than 50% using city networks.
2) The open access model separates the network infrastructure owner, active network operator, and retail service providers allowing each to focus on their core competencies.
3) Lessons from Scandinavian open access networks include building flexibility into the network design to adapt to changes, educating end-users, and involving municipalities which aids rural development.
Microsoft Power Point Analysing The Han Firmware Maintenance Problemimpodgirl
This document summarizes the challenges involved in remotely upgrading the firmware of home area networks (HANs) that will be installed in millions of households. It notes that utilities will need to remotely upgrade HAN firmware but dispatching trucks to each home is cost prohibitive. The document then examines the capabilities and limitations of various home networks and the smart grid infrastructure in supporting remote firmware upgrades. It concludes that upgrading an entire HAN-enabled service area is not practical using the least capable smart meter networks and that standards are needed for HAN firmware distribution and discovery.
The document discusses future trends in the telecom and media industries that will lead to their integration. It outlines three scenarios for how the industries could evolve: 1) "All cloud" where operators provide only connectivity with no value add, 2) "Mobile play" where industry definitions remain stable with limited convergence, and 3) "Full service world" where operators integrate across the value chain. It then discusses trends like net neutrality, social communications displacing telcos, and access to content from any device. New commercial models and partnerships will be needed for operators to capture revenue as consumption patterns change. Russian realities are also discussed, noting data usage is surging while consumer behavior follows global trends.
EDGE is a mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM. It enhances 2.5G GSM/GPRS networks by using modulation techniques like 8-PSK to triple data rates compared to normal GPRS connections. EDGE requires minimal hardware or software changes and allows over 90% of existing GSM operators to provide faster internet access through their networks.
GSM is a cellular technology that was developed in 1985 and uses either voice or data calls. It operates at different frequencies including 900MHz, 1800MHz, and 1900MHz. The GSM network consists of mobile stations, base stations, a base station controller, a network switching subsystem and an operation support subsystem. GPRS is a data service for GSM networks that provides faster data transmission speeds compared to traditional GSM. EDGE is a further evolution of GPRS that provides data rates up to 8 times faster than GPRS.
EDGE is an upgrade to GSM networks that allows higher data transmission speeds of up to 473 kbps. It uses more advanced modulation techniques like 8-PSK compared to GSM's GMSK, allowing more bits to be transmitted per symbol. EDGE is backwards compatible with GPRS networks and provides benefits like increased network capacity and data rates. Future evolutions of EDGE, such as EDGE Evolution, aim to achieve speeds up to 1 Mbps through techniques like dual antennas, advanced QAM modulation, and additional coding schemes. EDGE allows GSM networks to provide multimedia services at a lower cost than upgrading to 3G networks.
My PptIntroduction to 3G, GSM, GPRS, EDGE NetworkARVIND SARDAR
The document provides an introduction to 3G mobile networks including GSM, GPRS and EDGE. It discusses the evolution from 1G to 2G to 3G networks, with 2G introducing GSM and 2.5G being GPRS. 3G aimed to support higher data speeds. GPRS offered speeds up to 114kbps, EDGE up to 384kbps, and UMTS/HSDPA up to 14Mbps. It then describes the key components and architecture of GSM and GPRS networks.
The document discusses the evolution of mobile technology from 1st generation to 3rd generation networks. It specifically focuses on EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) technology, which allows 2G GSM networks to transmit data at up to 384 kilobits per second, providing a higher speed alternative to GPRS for packet-based data services. EDGE builds on existing GSM infrastructure and provides a smooth transition path to 3G networks for mobile operators. It also enables new multimedia and data applications to be introduced on existing GSM networks.
GPRS is a packet-based mobile data service on GSM networks. It provides higher speed data transmission than previous GSM data services. The GPRS architecture introduces two new network nodes - SGSN and GGSN. SGSN handles mobility management and packet transmission between MS and GGSN, while GGSN connects the GPRS network to external packet networks like the Internet. GPRS enhances the GSM network by allowing dynamic allocation of bandwidth and intermittent data transmission, making it suitable for bursty, low-volume data applications.
GPRS is a packet-based mobile data service that allows intermittent and bursty data transmissions over existing GSM networks. It uses packet switching to allocate resources only when needed, reducing connection times. GPRS supports flexible channel allocation and sharing of available resources between users. Common applications include standard IP-based services as well as GPRS-specific point-to-point and point-to-multipoint applications. Operators can generate revenue through new subscribers, services, applications, and increased data traffic under GPRS.
The document discusses wireless communication systems from first to third generation. It covers:
- The basics of wireless communication including terminology like bandwidth and protocols.
- Cellular concepts such as why cells are used, their shapes, frequency allocation, and calculating cell capacity.
- The generations of wireless including 1G, 2G, 2.5G, and 3G and their characteristics.
- An introduction to GSM including its architecture, identities, bands, radio interface, and security features.
The document discusses the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications, including an overview of GSM concepts, system architecture, identities and channels used, the radio link, mobility and call management, and radio resource management. It provides background on the development of GSM standards and specifications. The document also covers topics like GSM network structures, frequency bands, channel access techniques, and mobility functions like timing advance.
Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)Ramrao Desai
Mobile users continue to demand higher data rates. With the continued growth in cellular services, laptop computer use and the Internet, wireless network providers are beginning to pay an increasing amount of attention to packet data networks. Enhanced Global Packet Radio Service (EGPRS) offers a substantial improvement in performance and capacity over existing GPRS services, in return for a relatively minimal additional investment. EGPRS, commonly called EDGE, achieves these enhancements to the GPRS system primarily by implementing changes to the Physical layer and to the Medium Access Control/Radio Link Control (MAC/RLC) layer. The significant improvements are a new modulation technique, additional modulation coding schemes, a combined Link Adaptation and Incremental Redundancy technique, re-segmentation of erroneously received packets, and a larger transmission window size.
The document provides an overview of the GSM network architecture, describing its three main subsystems and their network elements. The Network Switching Subsystem includes elements like the MSC, HLR, VLR, AC and EIR and handles call control, mobility management, and subscriber data. The Base Station Subsystem includes the BSC, BTS and TC and manages radio resources and synchronization. The Network Management Subsystem handles operation and maintenance of the entire network. Key interfaces that connect these subsystems are also described.
The document discusses radio frequency (RF) network planning and optimization. It describes the responsibilities of RF planners, which include designing site plans and frequency plans. It also describes the responsibilities of RF optimization personnel, which include maintaining network performance metrics and studying new features. The document outlines training courses on RF network planning and optimization, covering topics like coverage, capacity, frequency planning, optimization features and parameters, and key performance indicator monitoring.
The document discusses Huawei's UMTS end-to-end solution, including their New Generation Node B, Distributed Node B Solution, HSDPA and Hybrid IP Transmission, GPRS/UMTS Unified PS Core Solution, Network Planning and Optimization Toolkit, and IMS Solution. It highlights key features such as integrated digital power amplifiers, multi-carrier TRX, full HSDPA performance, TCO savings, future orientation, and ease of operation.
This document describes radio transmission techniques and channels in GSM networks. It discusses Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and defines physical and logical channels. It provides details on different control channels like Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), and Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH). It also describes traffic channels and various burst types used in GSM frames.
Topics covered in this presentation:
1. RF spectrum and GSM specifications
2. FDMA and TDMA
3. Digital Voice Transmission
4. Channel coding, Interleaving and Burst formatting
5. GMSK
6. Frame structure of GSM
7. Corrective actions against multipath fading
Huawei GGSN 9811 hardware and software Mario Gordon
This document provides an overview of the GGSN9811 hardware and software. It describes the system structure, including the SRU, SFU, SPU and LPU boards. It also outlines the cable connections and service flow, with data passing between boards like the LPU, SPU and SFU. Key details covered are the hardware architecture, logical software layers, and processing of data on the boards.
The document provides an overview of the Huawei BTS3900 product. It describes the system architecture, cabinet structures for -48V, +24V and 220V power configurations, logical and software structures. It also covers power distribution modes, monitoring system, reference clocks, signal flow, topologies, configuration principles and typical configurations. Technical specifications include capacity, RF, engineering, surge protection, ports, compliance standards and environmental requirements.
BT Represented at The Mobile VAS SUMMIT 2009 by Virtue InsightParitosh Sharma
This document discusses India's next generation policy and regulatory environment for telecommunications. It provides an overview of India's existing telecom licensing regime and statistics on telecom usage. It then analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the current framework. Finally, it outlines a roadmap for future policy, including unifying regulatory functions, adopting a single technology-neutral license, enabling open access and infrastructure sharing, and establishing a next generation telecom policy to encourage investment, innovation and competition. The goal is to transition to a more light-touch regulatory approach that supports further development and adoption of next generation networks in India.
The document discusses current trends in telecommunications towards multimedia communication and IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS). It describes how IMS provides a standardized environment for delivering multimedia services across both fixed and mobile networks, allowing for convergence. The evolution of access networks, core networks, transport and service delivery are enabling more advanced multimedia applications and services usable anywhere through fixed mobile convergence.
The document discusses current trends in telecommunications towards multimedia communication and IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS). It describes how IMS provides a standardized environment for delivering multimedia services across both fixed and mobile networks through convergence. The evolution of access networks, core networks, transport and service delivery are enabling new multimedia applications and services anywhere through fixed mobile convergence.
The document discusses the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in the era of globalization. It describes three pillars for implementing ICT: infrastructure, data and information, and human capital and culture. It provides examples of websites for news, universities, companies, and infrastructure components like routers, switches, servers, and data center equipment. It also discusses the evolution of telecommunications technologies like ISDN, cable, satellite, wireless, and their associated costs. Finally, it covers concepts related to information systems including data quality, metadata, data warehousing, and enterprise architecture.
The document discusses the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in the era of globalization. It describes three pillars for implementing ICT: infrastructure, data and information, and human capital and culture. It provides examples of websites for news, universities, companies, and ICT infrastructure components like routers, switches, servers, and data center equipment. It also summarizes the development of telecommunication technologies like ISDN, cable, satellite, wireless, and their associated costs. Finally, it discusses concepts related to information systems including data quality, metadata, data warehousing, and enterprise architecture.
Suraj Informatics is an IT and telecommunications infrastructure services company with offices across India that offers wireless infrastructure, campus networking solutions, security surveillance, RFID solutions, and software products and platforms while focusing on industries like government, broadband services, transportation, education and more. The company has over 50 employees including a management and technical team and partners with technology providers like Cisco, Psion and Altai to deliver end-to-end solutions to customers.
Firetide is a market leader in providing wireless mesh networking equipment for public safety applications like real-time video surveillance. Their unique core technology includes multiple patents and their equipment has been proven through 3000 worldwide installations. Firetide's mesh technology provides high performance and reliability comparable to fiber networks, with benefits like ease of deployment and mobility. They are expanding into new markets like transportation, smart grid, and utilities and recently raised $8.6 million in funding.
ET02 - Meetings
Orario 09.30 – 12.00
Sala AVORIO
HOSTED
EASY RIDER PROJECT
Achieving a sustainable and safe mobility trough the integration of vehicles and infrastructures
A cura del CENTRO RICERCHE FIAT
This document announces a seminar on machine-to-machine communications to be held on October 26th from 3:00 to 4:30 PM in room 3003. The seminar will include a panel presentation on what M2M is, presentations from various speakers, and a panel discussion and question period. The panelists will represent companies involved in M2M applications and technologies, including Boatracs, Kyocera Wireless, Aeris.net, Opto 22, Cingular Interact, and SensorLogic. The seminar aims to discuss M2M applications, requirements, technologies, and the various players involved in providing end-to-end M2M solutions.
I Minds2009 Future Networks Prof Piet Demeester (Ibbt Ibcn U Gent)imec.archive
1) Future networks will see a massive increase in traffic driven primarily by video streaming and sharing.
2) This traffic will require new network architectures and technologies to efficiently store, distribute, and deliver large amounts of video and multimedia content to users.
3) The number of connected devices and users worldwide will also continue to grow rapidly, creating new challenges around access technologies, energy efficiency, and managing vast
Cat5 To 10gig Convergence Makes Cabling An Assetus056444
The document discusses how convergence of technologies and the proliferation of IP devices is driving demand for higher performance cabling systems. It notes that Category 5e cabling provides better crosstalk and attenuation specifications than Category 5 cabling to help ensure networks can support emerging applications like Gigabit Ethernet that are pushing the limits of existing infrastructure. Upgrading to an enhanced Category 5e system can help networks support greater bandwidth needs both now and in the future.
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
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ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
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1. EPFL
Cours “Mobile Networks”
GPRS & EDGE
« First steps toward Wireless
data »
Frédéric Michaud
Network Development
Engineering
14/12/2004
2. GPRS Part 1
Content
From Theory…
From Theory…
11- -INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
22- -SERVICES
SERVICES
33- -ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
44- -MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
55- -SESSION MANAGEMENT
SESSION MANAGEMENT
66- -TRANSMISSION ON BSS NETWORK
TRANSMISSION ON BSS NETWORK
77- -RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 2
3. Introduction
General Packet Radio Service:
a way to extend packet transfer up to the mobile station
GSM
GSM GPRS
GPRS
– Circuit Switch –– Packet Switch architecture
Packet Switch architecture
– Circuit Switch
architecture
architecture –– End to End IP service (mobile
End to End IP service (mobile
– Indirect access to IP = IP host)
= IP host)
– Indirect access to IP
network
network –– Re-use BSS architecture
Re-use BSS architecture
– Too sensitive
– Too sensitive –– New core architecture
New core architecture
connection for data
connection for data –– Max theoretical rates ~170
Max theoretical rates ~170
(today)
(today) kbps
kbps
– Expensive solution for
– Expensive solution for
data network (HSCSD)
data network (HSCSD)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 3
4. Services
BANKING & FINAN- LOCAL SERVICES Special
NEWS BUY & SELL TRAVEL
CIAL SERVICES (CITY GUIDE) Interest
General Headlines Stock indexes Taxi Classifieds Traffic (traffic jams, Mobile telephones
Financial & Business Stock prices Restaurants - Cars radar, control,…) Internet sites and
Politics Metal prices Cinema - Properties Public transportation services
Tabloids Stock alert Theatres - Jobs Navigation services Computers and
Culture & Currency rates Concerts Auctions Train schedules hardware
Entertainment Interest rates Exhibitions Shopping Flight schedules Automobile
INFOR- Sports Account balance Night Clubs - Small daily Hotels
Lottery Credit/debit balance Emergency services items Holiday packages
MATION Cheque balance Pharmacies - Specific
Money transfers Household promotions
Bill payments assistance Tickets
Automatic call Weather
Account status flash Time
Stock purchase Directory services
Financial products ATM Locator
purchase
SMS E-MAIL FAX BULLETIN BOARDS
COMMU- Groups with common
Send/receive SMS messages Send/receive e-mails Send/receive fax
NICATION SMS to postcard E-mail to voice (IVR) Special features (delivery and receipt interest
report, storage for later delivery) Messages, News, etc
ORGANIZERS PERSONAL ASSISTANT TOOLS MISCELLANEOUS FAMILY
PRODUC- To do lists Reminders Call management Calculator Activating domestic Family VPN
TIVITY Calendar Correspondence management Dictionary appliances Synchronised
Address book Voice to SMS, E-mail and fax Translator Paying at vending machines
Agenda Translation services Currency converter Identity verification
ASTROLO-
MUSIC TV LIFESTYLE FUN CHATS PICTURES GAMES DATING
GY
ENTER- Ringtones Program- Gastronomy Jokes Topic Icons Puzzles Horoscopes Chats
TAINTMENT Short clips me Hobbies Sayings specific Logos Quizzes Astrolove Dating
(e.g. MP3) schedules Fashion Dream Private Photos “Tamagotchi” Biorhythm services
Highlights Parties analysis Postcards Games Specific
Gambling/Betting Horoscopes
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 4
5. Services
Notion of QoS
QoS = Quality of Service
5 Classes as specified in ETSI
– Service Precedence / Priority
– Delay
– Mean Throughput
– Peak Througput
– Reliability
FTP (NRT): Video Streaming (RT):
– Service: minor – Service: medium
– Delay: < 7 sec (most likely Best effort) – Delay: < 7 sec (most likely Best effort)
– Mean throughput: 4.4 kbps – Mean throughput: 44 kbps
– Peak throughput: N/A – Peak throughput: 64 kbps
– Reliability: high to medium redundancy – Reliability: medium to low (UDP protocol)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 5
6. Architecture
Network Diagram
NSS ISP - External
HLR GPRS Core Network Network
MSC/VLR
Gc
Gr Gi
Gs
SGSN DNS GGSN
A Gn Gn
BSS
GPRS
Gb IP Backbone
Gn
Transcoder Gn
Ater
Charging Border
Gateway Gateway
Um Gp
BSC Abis
Inter PLMN
Backbone
BTS
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 6
7. Architecture
New interfaces
Interface elements Main usage Protocol type
Um MS – BTS Radio interface RLC/MAC
Abis BTS – BSC Standard GSM if. RLC/MAC
Gb BSC – SGSN GPRS data LLC/FR
Gc GGSN – HLR HLR queries for PDP context (IP)/SS7
activation
Gd SGSN – SMS GMSC Short Messages exchange SS7
Gf SGSN – EIR Terminal identity check SS7
Gi GGSN – Data Network Data transfer IP
Gn SGSN – SGSN Mobility management IP
SGSN - GGSN PDP context activation
Data transfer
Gp BG – BG Inter-operator link IP
Gr SGSN – HLR Location management SS7
Gs SGSN – MSC/VLR GSM/GPRS mobility Management SS7
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 7
8. Architecture
evolution of BSS network
New hardware in BSS: Packet Controlling Unit (PCU)
– can be compared to TRAU function in GSM
– generally located in the BSC
– heart of the packet transmission in BSS network
– allow the dynamic traffic allocation
– Provide the radio resource management mechanism, adapted to packet
BTS transfer
RLC
RLC
RLC PCU
SGSN
buffer
RLC RLC RLC LLC LLC LLC
buffer
RLC Gb
RLC buffer
RLC
Abis
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 8
9. Architecture
New core equipments
HLR VLR Charging Gateway
External
PCU External
IP world
IP world
GGSN
PCU IP network
SGSN
GGSN
• Packet routing (IP – BSS)
• Mobility Management • GPRS Tunneling (PLMN – internet)
• Session Management • Charging
• Charging • O&M (Operation & Maintenance)
• Cyphering and compression • Lawful interception
Other equipment:
Border Gateway, Charging Gateway, DNS, Firewalls
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 9
10. Architecture
GPRS Protocol stacks
BSS elements manage everything related to radio resource,
mobility and session management
Um Gb Gn Gi
Applica
Data traffic tion
IP / IP /
X.25 X.25
GMM/SM Relay
Mobility Management SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP
Session Management
cyphering UDP / UDP /
LLC Relay
LLC TCP TCP
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
Network Network L2 L2
MAC MAC Service Service
Radio Resource Management GSM RF GSM RF L1bis L1bis L1 L1
(TBF allocation, user/timeslot
multiplexing, etc..) MS BSS SGSN GGSN
PS/CS paging
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 10
11. Architecture
Gb interface
Open interface between the BSC and the SGSN. Consist of three layers:
– Frame Relay: link layer access between peer entities via a Bearer Channel.
– Network Service: set of virtual connections responsible for data transmission, congestion control, load
sharing between Network Service Entities.
– BSSGP: Virtual Connection management, paging support, flow control support.
NS-VC DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier (FR
BVC 0 address) NS-VC BVC 0
for for
signalling FR Bearer Channel signalling
NSE Physical Link (= pcm-tsl) NSE
(=PCU )
Own BVC Own BVC
for for
each BTS each BTS
NS-VC DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier (FR NS-VC
address)
Load Sharing FR Bearer Channel
Physical Link (= pcm-tsl)
BSC SGSN
BVC = BSSGP Virtual Connection
BSSGP = Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol
NSE = Network Service Entity
NS-VC = Network Service Virtual Connection
FR = Frame Relay
Gb interface will move on IP protocol
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 11
12. Mobile equipment
Three types of Mobile Classes
CLASS A: « Rolls Royce » CS Core Network (GSM)
Simultaneous CS/PS Paging
Simultaneous CS/PS data transfer
PS Core Network (GPRS)
CLASS B: « Standard » CS Core Network (GSM)
Simultaneous CS/PS Paging
CS call or PS data transfer
PS Core Network (GPRS)
CLASS C: « Cheap » CS Core Network (GSM)
CS mode (GSM only) or PS mode (GPRS only)
PS Core Network (GPRS)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 12
13. Mobility Management
Mobile States
IDLE
– not attached to GPRS
– MS is not reachable
IDLE
GPRS Attach GPRS Detach READY
– MS known down to Cell by SGSN
STANBY
timer READY – May receive/transmit packets
expiry – No Packet paging required
READY timer expiry
PDU Transmission – MS remains in READY state until “READY
Force to STANBY
Timer” expires or GPRS Detach
STANDBY
STANDBY
– MS known down to Routing Area by SGSN
– MS attached to GPRS
– May receive Packet paging
– No data reception or transmission
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 13
14. Mobility Management
Temporary identity
Notion of P-TMSI (Packet Temporary Mobile Subs Identifier)
– Temporary identifier to differentiate a mobile in a SGSN
– associated to a ciphered signature
– P-TMSI+ signature transferred at each location update
Notion of TLLI (Temporary Logical Link Identifier)
used between MS and SGSN before attachment
randomly selected by MS when uplink request (risk of collision)
after attach : TLLI=P-TMSI
used to identify MS on the air interface
IMSI is never transferred
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 14
15. Mobility Management
Paging enhancement with GPRS
Network Mode I Network Mode II
HLR HLR
MSC/VLR Gr MSC/VLR Gr
SGSN SGSN
Location update
Gs
CS paging or SMS
A Gb A Gb
CS paging or SMS
BSC BSC
Paging message on: Paging message on:
Abis Paging channel Abis Paging channel only
Packet data channel
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 15
17. Mobility Management
Routing Area Update
DNS
BSC SGSN1
GPRS handset
GPRS
5 4 3 2
IP Backbone
BSC SGSN2 GGSN
GPRS handset
1 6
8 7
1. RA Update Request (old RAI)
2. DNS Query: IP @ for old RAI
3. SGSN Context Request
4. SGSN Context Response
5. Forward Packets
6. Update PDP Context Request: IP @ of new RAI
7. Update PDP Context Response
8. RA Update Accept
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 17
18. Session Management
Notion of PDP context
Packet Data Protocol context:
– set of information stored in mobile, SGSN and GGSN
– allow packet data transfer between a certain type of network and the mobile
PDP context contains:
Main Field Description
type of PDP network IP, X25 ….
Mobile address IP address or X.121 address for X25 network
SGSN address IP address of the serving SGSN
NSAPI Network Service Access Point
QoS Profile Quality of service negociated for this PDP context
Access Point Name APN (service) requested by the mobile (ie WAP, internet…)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 18
20. Session Management
Data Transfer
SMSC
BSC MSC/VLR HLR
DNS
Charging
SNDCP IP SGSN
Gateway
GPRS handset
IP GPRS
S-CDR G-CDR
IP Backbone
Border
GGSN
Gateway GTP IP
IP
IP@ src IP@ dst Inter PLMN
Backbone
ISP
External Network
Mobile Server
SGSN GGSN
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 20
21. Radio Resource Management
RLC/MAC layer
RLC/MAC is the most important layer for communication between MS and
BSC:
– RLC/MAC controls the data flow over the air interface and Abis interface.
– BSS performance are based on RLC block transmissions / retransmission
– RLC: Provide controlling function (ack/unack mode)
– MAC: Medium Access mode: allows to have dynamic allocation of Mobiles over radio
timeslots (pair ofInformation field
LLC frame FH TBF/USF) FCS
LLC layer
RLC
BH Info field BCS BH Info field BCS BH Info field BCS
blocks
Primary Following
RLC/MAC layer
block block
Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst Physical layer
FH = Frame Header
FCS = Frame Check Sequence
BH = Block Header
BCS= Block Check Sequence
(When SDCCH coding is used, BCS corresponds to the Fire code)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 21
22. Radio Resource Management
Notion of GPRS territory
GSM
TRX 1 CCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
Territory
GPRS
TRX 2 TCH
Territory
Default Dedicated
GPRS GPRS
Capacity Capacity
Territory border move based
On GSM and GPRS traffic load evolution
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 22
23. Radio Resource Management
Physical Layer
TDMA frame=4,615 ms
01 2 3 4 5 6 7 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 01 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 GPRS multiframe = 52 TDMA frame=240 ms
Block 0 Block 1 Block 2 T Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 i Block 6 Block 7 Block 8 i Block 9 Block 10 Block 11 i
0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
12 blocks of 4 radio burst each
Each block can transfer one GPRS logical channel information
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 23
24. Radio Resource Management
Logical Signalling for GPRS
GPRS Air Interface Logical Channels
CCH
DCH
Common Channels
Dedicated Channels
PCCCH
BCH Packet Common Control
Broadcast Channels Channels
DOWNLINK ONLY (can be combined with CCCH)
PBCCH
Packet Broadcast Control CH
(can be combined with BCCH)
MS CONTINUOUSLY
MONITORS PPCH PAGCH PRACH
Packet Paging CH Packet Access Grant CH Packet Random Access CH
GPRS: DCH
BSS WANTS TO PDCH IS MS ASKS FOR 'Dedicated' Channels
CONTACT MS ALLOCATED TO MS PDCHs.
DCCH
Dedicated Control TCH
Channels Traffic Channels
PTCCH
Packet Timing Control Channel.
PACCH
Packet Associated Control CH PDTCH
Allocated to the opposite direction than the PDTCH Packet Data TCH, one channel can be shared
to which it is associated. by several active users.
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 24
25. Radio Resource Management
Timeslot sharing
GPRS data transfer = discontinuous series of Temporary Block Flows.
– 1 TBF = 1 user (with a given TFI, TLLI, USF)
– 1 TBF can be transferred onto several radio timeslots
TBF4
TBF3 TBF2 TBF2
TBF3 TBF1 TBF1 TBF1
TSL 0 TSL 1 TSL 2 TSL 3 TSL 4 TSL 5 TSL 6 TSL 7
BCCH TCH TCH TCH PDCH PDCH PDCH PDCH
TDMA frame
Data transfer = Uplink / Downlink TBF (Temporary Block Flow) Assignment
– Timeslots allocation GSM CCCH channels (RACH - AGCH - PCH) (GPRS - phase 1)
– GPRS phase 2: dedicated common control channels (PBCCH/PCCCH)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 25
26. Radio Resource Management
Notion of Data flow
RLC layer create a Temporary Block Flow, each time data needs to be sent
Downlink TFI=14 TFI=14 TFI=14 TFI=14 TFI=14 TFI=14 TFI=14
Data transfer
BSN=24 BSN=25 BSN=26 BSN=27 BSN=28 BSN=24 BSN=26
RLC header
Block 0 Block 1 Block 2 T Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 i Block 6 Block 7 Block 8 i Block 9 Block 10 Block 11 i
0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
TFI=14 TFI=14
Ack:
Ack:
25,27,28
24,26
Uplink Nack:
MS receive on 24,26
TFI 14
TBF dynamically managed by the network
To avoid collisions, network identify each user with TFI and TLLI
Number of retransmission linked to C/I ratio
Retransmissions will decrease real user data throughput
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 26
27. Radio Resource Management
Multi user radio sharing
MAC layer handle resource sharing between mobiles
Downlink SP=0 SP=0 SP=1 SP=1 SP=1 SP=1 TFI=14
Data transfer RRBP= RRBP= RRBP= RRBP= RRBP=
MAC header i+4 i+3 i+2 i+2 i+1
Block 0 Block 1 Block 2 T Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 i Block 6 Block 7 Block 8 i Block 9 Block 10 Block 11 i
0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
TFI=14 TFI=14
Ack:
Ack:
25,27,28
24,26
MS receive Nack:
on TFI 14 24,26
Mobile knows on which block to ack/nack received PDU
Mobile use these control blocks to transfer other information (measurement reports, uplink resource request, etc…)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 27
28. Radio Resource Management
Dynamic uplink sharing
Several mobiles can share the same radio timeslot
MAC layer indicates each mobile which block it can use for uplink transfer
Downlink
Data transfer USF=4 USF=4 USF=1 USF=5 USF=5 USF=4 USF=1 USF=1 USF=5
MAC header
Block 0 Block 1 Block 2 T Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 i Block 6 Block 7 Block 8 i Block 9 Block 10 Block 11 i
0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
Block 3 Block 7 Block 8
MS USF 1
Block 1 Block 2 Block 6
MS USF 4
Block 4 Block 5 Block 9
MS USF 5
Uplink State Flag definition only local to a physical channel (i.e. 1 radio timeslot in the TDMA frame)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 28
29. GPRS Part 2
Content
… to practice
… to practice
IMPLEMENTATION CONSTRAINTS
IMPLEMENTATION CONSTRAINTS
NETWORK DIMENSIONING & PLANNING
NETWORK DIMENSIONING & PLANNING
NETWORK PERFORMANCE
NETWORK PERFORMANCE
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMISATION
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMISATION
TOOLS FOR GPRS
TOOLS FOR GPRS
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 29
30. Implementation Constraints
Upgrade of GSM network
New Core Network
– GPRS backbone is an IP network
– New approach in Mobile Telecommunication
– First interaction between IT and mobile telecom network dept.
Multi-supplier solution
– Interoperability problems
– Interface Gb, Gs, Gr are standardised by ETSI but multi-vendor solution
always leads to complexity.
– Mobile and network compatibility over the air interface is another source
of problems
– Different mobiles = different performances
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 30
31. Implementation Constraints
Hardware & Software Releases
HW & SW Release management
– Network is often heterogeneous
– Different generation of base stations, BSC and MSC
– Software Releases are delivered at different times
Incomplete GPRS features
– QoS not fully implemented
– Radio enhancement (PBCCH) not fully implemented
immature ETSI specifications
– Suppliers follow different versions
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 31
32. Implementation Constraints
Heterogeneous BSS Network
GPRS Core
Network
South region - BSS Network North region - BSS Network
Supplier A Supplier B
GPRS handset
GPRS handset
Problem of uniform Quality of Service (different SW/HW, different problems)
Complex network evolution (i.e. new feature cannot be implemented country wide)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 32
33. Implementation Constraints
Handsets & Services
Limitation in mutlislot & coding scheme capability:
– First handsets: 2+1 (i.e. 2 TSL DL / 1 TSL UL)
24 kbps DL / 12 kbps UL
– Current handsets: 4+1
48 kbps DL / 12 kbps UL
ETSI specifications problems
– Lots of change request
– PBCCH not supported by network and first GPRS mobiles
Poor content for GPRS Services
– Lack of «adapted» phones
– Lack of «killer» applications
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 33
34. GPRS Dimensioning
Number of GPRS users
Paquet transfer per users
Quality of Service
Coverage area
Network Radio
Peak hours
Dimensioning Dimensioning
Transmission capacity GPRS Territory size
(Abis/Gb) Number of cells
Bearer size TRX upgrade
Number of PCU Signalling increase
New hardware requirements
New hardware requirements
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 34
35. Network Planning
Reuse existing GSM coverage
Reuse of GSM signalling and traffic plan
New core network planning
New Routing Area Planning
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 35
36. Network Performance
Radio constraints
Cell reselections
– GPRS phase 1:
– Network doesn’t control cell re-selection process
– Based on GSM cell re-selection of MS in idle mode
Risk of ping-pong effect
Critical decrease of user data throughput
C/I (carrier/interference) criteria
– GPRS is very sensible to interferences
Data throughput drops quickly with interferences
Capacity
– GSM traffic has priority over GPRS
– « Best effort » mode
Low throughput in peak hours
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 36
37. Analysis and optimisation
Performance Analysis – Access to Network resource
1123
32.15%
298
81.88%
57.26%
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 37
39. Analysis and optimisation
Tools for GPRS
Protocol analyser
» In depth signalling study
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 39
40. Analysis and optimisation
Tools for GPRS
Probe System
» Data capture across all GPRS network interfaces
MSC VLR HLR
Gr
Gs Gc
Gi internet
internet
Gb Gn
BTS BSC SGSN GGSN
Gp
Foreign
Foreign
BG PLNM
PLNM
1. Data capture 2. Data data storage 3. Data analysis
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 40
41. Analysis and optimisation
Benefit of Gb analysis
Full network supervision
Access to QoS information
Information that can be shared accross mainy actors:
– Radio optimisation team
– Maintenance team
– Quality team
– Traffic team
High level of detail
– Info per session
– Info per user
– Info per cell/PCU
– Info per network area
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 41
42. Documentation
Réseaux GSM (ISBN 2-7462-0153-4)
Xavier Lagrange, Philippe Godlewski, Sami Tabbane
Ingénierie des réseaux cellulaires (ISBN 2-7462-0550-5)
Sami Tabbane
The GSM Evolution - Mobile Packet Data Services (ISBN 0-470-84855-3)
Peter Stuckmann
GPRS Signalling & Protocol Analysis – Vol. 1
Gunnar Heine
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 42
43. Evolution towards EDGE
Content
DEFINITION
DEFINITION
NETWORK PERFORMANCE
NETWORK PERFORMANCE
EDGE IMPLEMENTATION
EDGE IMPLEMENTATION
EDGE DIMENSIONING
EDGE DIMENSIONING
APPLICATIONS FOR EDGE
APPLICATIONS FOR EDGE
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 43
45. From GSM to GERAN
evolution of specifications
2G 2.5G 2.75G 3G
3GPP
(GERAN)
GSM GPRS
EDGE GERAN
ETSI
(BSS)
UMTS/UTRAN
3GPP
(UTRAN)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 45
46. EDGE as a GERAN feature
Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution, from Release 99
Technical aspects Performances
EDGE is a mature product (all vendors 2 to 4 times higher data throughput than GPRS
NEs & features are ready since mid’2004)
Interactive and Background classes*, Rel 99: Now
EGPRS only (ECSD not implemented by Web browsing, mail attachment, chat, e-
suppliers) commerce, file transfer,… at high data rate.
Available for all bands 2005
Streaming with mobility QoS*, Rel 4:
(850/900/1800/1900)
Audio & Video streaming
2006/2007
Ensure the backward compatibility with Video on-demand.
GPRS mobiles
Conversational for data services*, Rel 5 & Rel 6:
Videotelephony
(*) EDGE has been standardised to enhance the data rate but not to enhance QoS service (
still best effort service) other features of GERAN will do it
Objective: a higher data throughput thanks to a better spectral efficiency.
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 46
47. Theoretical performance of EDGE
kbps
60 EGPRS (8-PSK)
EGPRS (GMSK)
50 GPRS (GMSK)
40
30
20
10
0
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-9 MCS-8 MCS-7 MCS-6 MCS-5 MCS-4 MCS-3 MCS-2 MCS-1
EDGE can provide data services with maximum radio
throughput of 235kbps using 4 TS.
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 47
48. Network impact of EDGE implementation
New BSC Release
P A GMSC
2106
B ABIS C MSC/
T U BSC
BSC MSC HLR
HLR
BTS VLR
S
B Gb Gs Gr
B
T
T
S
S
Gi (IP)
SGSN GGSN
GGSN
Um BTS SGSN
AUC Upgrade Gn Gn PDN
mobiles
IP-Backbone
Other PLMN
EIR Network
HW or SW Upgrade
No Upgrade
Gp
New Mobiles
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 48
49. Radio performances impact of EDGE implementation
EDGE is main influence on GSM is on the radio interface.
Upgrade of GSM network with EDGE will influence the radio
conditions
There is a need for carefull radio optimisation
EDGE throughput is highly dependent on interferences (C/I),
especially at the cells’ border
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 49
50. EDGE vs UMTS for indoor coverage
Robustness of Edge :
– Compensation of radio propagation fluctuation thanks to Link Adaptation
Instability of UMTS :
– Throughput Drop due to building penetration and the mobile « Power rise »
phenomenon.
Throughput (kbps)
Power limitation
320 UMTS
200 EDGE 900 Link adaptation
BTS-MS distance (m)
500 1200
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 50
51. Dimensioning principles: radio
Deploy EDGE on BCCH TRX (beacon channel) or not?
Preferred
configuration C/I mostly > 15dB For all values of C/I
Choose the TRX that have the best C/I distribution
If BCCH and non BCCH TRX have same C/I distribution
try to optimize the network to increase the C/I.
Small PS traffic BCCH
If BCCH and non BCCH TRX have always slightly the same
(1 to 5 TS) C/I distribution
put EDGE on non BCCH with synthesized SFH
(EDGE performances could not reach expected values, i.e.
average of 30kbps/TS)
Try to optimize the network to increase the C/I of non
BCCH TRX.
Important PS traffic If non BCCH TRX have always slightly the same C/I
non BCCH distribution, put EDGE on non BCCH with synthesized
(more than 5 TS)
SFH
EDGE performances could not reach expected values
(i.e. average of 30kbps/TS)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 51
52. Dimensioning principles: transmission
Objective: a higher data throughput thanks to a better spectral efficiency.
More capacity
needed in interfaces
SGSN
BTS
GGSN
Gr
Abis Gb
EDGE BSC
TRX
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Network
Abis
A Internet
BTS BSC
EDGE
TRX
MSC EDGE functionality
Abis
in network elements
BTS
EDGE EDGE
handset TRX
EDGE capable TRX need to be added, old BTS might have to be changed, BSC/PCU
shall support EDGE capability.
Re-dimensioning of the interface according to the traffic growth.
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 52
53. Dynamic Abis principle
PCM transmission frames = permanent time slots for the CS traffic and signalling
+ Dynamic Abis Pool for the data (DAP)
common for multiple Pool
Dynamic Abis
GSM/EDGE TRXs located
under the same BTS.
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 53
54. … and services evolution
New services…
Broadband video
Digital video
Location services Videotelephony
Other killer app.?
Videostreaming, ftp (big files)
2004 R’99 2005 Release 4 2006 Release 5 2007 Release 6 2008 Release 7
…and major performances & QoS enhancements to support it.
ECSD: EDGE for CS
(not yet adopted)
SAIC:
Increase spectral efficiency
NACC:
Reduce cell reselection
Delayed TBF release:
Reduce GPRS delays
DTM: FLO:
Simultaneous CS+PS Conversational PS, multiservice
PFC: Generic access A/Gb:
QoS service differentiation Technology convergence
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 54
55. EDGE Status Worldwide
Edge is a GSM - BSS feature to enable highest data throughput (proven
technology)
38 devices are currently Edge compatible
GSM Wireless Industry entirely committed to Edge
111 networks deploying Edge currently
35 commercially available Edge networks
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 55
56. Continuity of Service
Without EDGE With EDGE
Data Speed
Data Speed
384kbps 384kbps Service Continuity
with reduced
UMTS No Service UMTS throughput and latency
Continuity
200kbps
Edge Underlay
40kbps GPRS legacy 40kbps GPRS legacy
Edge Introduction -> Bridging the
Broadband Services gap
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 56
57. EDGE Service Portfolio
Services FTP RTT GPRS EDGE UMTS
(kbps) (sec)
Best N/A
• MMS
Effort
• Orange World >16 1-5
• Audio/Video <1
>128
Streaming
• Video >64 N/A
Messaging
• File 64-384 N/A
Downloads
• Video
>64 <0.2
Telephony
Not possible Enabler technology
Best Fitted technology Premium technology
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 57
58. HSDPA as the next evolution after EDGE
HSDPA is to UMTS what EDGE is to GPRS
– New radio modulation offering higher bandwidth
Data Speed
2Mbps UMTS to HSDPA is a factor 5
HSDPA
x5 EDGE to UMTS is a factor 2
GPRS to EDGE is a factor 5
384kbps
UMTS
x2
200kbps
EDGE
x5
40kbps GPRS
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 58
59. Access Network Logical Layers
GSM (EDGE) WAN UMTS (HSDPA)
MAN Wi-MAX
LAN Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
PAN
UWB
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 59
60. Mobile Broadband Technology map
IP Based Convergence IP Core
Wi-Max Wi-Max
802.16d 802.16e Backhaul
Wi-Fi
802.11
In-Building
Rural Sub-Urban Urban
Hotspots PICO Access
MACRO MICRO
Cellular Mobility
GSM (EDGE) & UMTS (HSDPA)
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 60
61. Conclusion
EDGE deemed as a mature/stable/robust technology-
– Edge as a key technology for in building coverage
– Edge terminals are cheaper and more robust than UMTS (batteries…)
– Complementary to UMTS in rural and suburban areas
– International roaming with American/Asian operators that will transit to EDGE
in Europe
For usual radio conditions:
– RLC throughputs around 40 kbps may be expected per timeslot (x4 for class
10 MS)
– FTP throughputs around 35 kbps may be expected per timeslot (x4 for class
10 MS)
This performance greatly depends on
– The link adaptation algorithm of the manufacturer and parameter settings
– The engineering solution chosen for EGPRS implementation
Frederic Michaud 14.12.04 EPFL – cours “Mobile network” 61