The document discusses latitude and longitude and how they are used to locate places on Earth. Latitude is measured in degrees north or south of the equator, while longitude is measured in degrees east or west of the Greenwich Meridian. Several examples are provided to illustrate how to determine the latitude and longitude of different points on a diagram of the globe. The location of Malaysia is given as 5° N, 100° E as an example.

1. MATHEMATICS FORM 5 EARTH AS A SPHERE

2. INTRODUCTION

3. NORTH POLE SOUTH POLE EAST WEST LONGITUDE LATITUDE MALAYSIA ●

4. Great circle is any circle that passes through the north and the south poles or with the center as the centre of the earth. GREAT CIRCLE ● O N S

5. One-half of a great circle joining the North and the South Poles is called a meridian. Longitude of a meridian is determined by the angle between its plane and the plane for Greenwich Meridian (east or west). Greenwich Meridian 0 o LONGITUDE S S N ● O O

6. Example : G is stated on the Greenwich Meridian . L is 80 o to the right of G. So the longitude of L is 80 o E . K is 60 o to the left of G. So the longitude of K is 60 o W. K and M is a diameter of a circle centred C. KCM = 180 o . So Longitude M is 120 o E N

7. EXERCISE 1: State the longitude of (a) dan (b) 100 o E / 100 o W 80 o E / 180 o W (a) (b) N E

8. Where is our country, Malaysia stated ?

9. The Great Circle which the plane are perpendicular to the poles is known as the equator Marked as 0 o North direction N S 0 o South direction The circle with plane which are parallel to the equator plane is known as parallel of latitude LATITUDE

10. Latitude Get further information about latitude and longitude at the following address: http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Slatlong.htm

11. Latitude Of a Point Latitude is an angle at the centre of the earth that subtended by a meridian beginning from the equator to the parallel of latitude which is either to the North or to the South of the equator. Latitude A is 50 o N ● A Latitude B is 10 o S ● B NORTH SOUTH EQUATOR

12. Look at the angle made by equator plane and parallel latitude 60 o N The angle between the equator plane and the north plane is 90 o N N N N S S S S

13. Example : Based on the diagram, O is the centre of the earth State the latitude of point (a) W (b) X (c) Y Solution: (a) W is 72 o to the north equator. So the latitude for W is 72 o N. (b) X is 65 o to the south equator So the latitude for X is 65 o S. (c) Y is located at the same parallel latitude with W. Thus, latitude for Y is 72 o U.

14. Exercise 2 : State the latitude of the following point : 1. Latitude Q is 3. Latitude L is 2. Latitude P is Q N 68 o N 55 o N 68 o N 68 o S 55 o S 55 o N

15. Location Of A Place Location of a place at the surface of the earth can be determine by its latitude and longitude For example, based on the above figure Paris is located at point P Location of Paris is written as (48 o 50’ N,20 o 20’ E) What is the location of Q ?

16. LONGITUDE = 100 O E LATITUDE = 5 O N MALAYSIA ( 5 O N, 100 O E )

17. With That Go For Success We will meet again at the next topic

18. CONGRATULATION ! Your Answer Is Correct E1 E 2

19. Sorry ! Please try again E1 E2