Gp 14 water & soil conservation
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This document summarizes a group presentation on soil and water conservation. It discusses how soil erosion by water, wind and tillage affects agriculture and the environment. Over 6000 million tons of productive soil is lost in India each year. Conservation methods aim to prevent erosion and manage runoff, water tables and soil fertility through integrated watershed management, land development, afforestation, and appropriate engineering structures like contour bunds and gully plugging. Choice of conservation measures depends on soil type, slope, rainfall and wind characteristics, and can include agronomic practices, biological methods, and engineering works. The goal is sustainable land use and maximum sustained production according to each area's capabilities.
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Gp 14 water & soil conservation
- 1. GROUP 14 Presentation 18th October 2006 SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
- 2. Soil erosion by water, wind and tillage affects both agriculture and the natural environment. Soil loss, and its associated impacts, is one of the most important (yet probably the least well-known) of today's environmental problems (BBC 2000; Guardian 2004).
- 3. "The threat of nuclear weapons and man's ability to destroy the environment are really alarming. And yet there are other almost imperceptible changes - I am thinking of the exhaustion of our natural resources, and especially of soil erosion - and these are perhaps more dangerous still, because once we begin to feel their repercussions it will be too late." (p144 of The Dalai Lama's Little Book of Inner Peace: 2002, Element Books, London)
- 4. Use land according to its capability and treat it according to its needs by applying suitable scientific soil and water conservation measures for maximum sustained production
- 5. • It takes nature 600 –1000 years to build 2.5 cm of top soil but get displaced in a year due to misuse. 6000 million tones of productive soil is lost every year from about 80 million hectare of cultivated land alone in India soil lost from unprotected land is about 120 t/ha/yr and may go as high as 300 t/ha/yr.
- 6. Soil & Water Conservation Erosion Management Water Conservation Soil Fertility Mgmt Vegetation Management
- 11. ACTIVITIES to be taken : Integrated Watershed management. • Management of Jhum (Shifting Cultivation) through Alternative farming systems. Improving the productivity of Jhum areas • Reclamation of wastelands. • Land Development – terracing, bunding, and Reclamation of cultivable land. • Streambank Erosion Control of cultivated and cultivable lands.
- 12. • Water Harvesting to harness rainwater and surface runoff • Water Conservation and Distribution by impounding water of streams and rivulets • Afforestation of barren hillocks or degraded • Agro-forestry by growing tree species compatible with agricultural crops in agricultural land. • Horticulture/Plantation Crops Development by growing of crops. • Reclamation/Revitalization of Traditional Water harvesting structures
- 13. Choice & Design of S & W Conservation measures depend on : Soil Land Slope Rainfall Wind Characteristic of the Area
- 14. Measures adopted are classified as Agronomical Biological & Engineering Measures
- 15. Agronomical Measures: Wind Erosion Control Measures : Vegetative Cover Strip Copping Stubble Mulching Tillage Practices Sand Dune Stabilization Windbreaks & Shelterbelts
- 16. Water Erosion Control Measures Contour Farming Strip Cropping Conservation Cropping System Mulching & Crop Residue Management Vegetative Barriers/Live Bunds Ridges & Furrows/Dead Furrows Land Smoothing
- 17. Engineering Measures: Contour/Graded Bunds Stone Wall Terrace Waterways with Vegetative Cover Gully Plugging
- 19. Bunds & Gullies
- 20. THANK YOU GROUP 14 MEMBERS PANKAJ SHARMA (Roll No 27) SWETA SHARMA ( Roll No 55)