This document discusses land resources and soil types in India. It covers the different types of land under relief features like plains, mountains, and plateaus. The main land uses are agriculture, forests, and wastelands. The document also discusses the major soil types in India like alluvial, black, red and yellow soils. It provides details on the composition and characteristics of different soils. Land degradation and conservation measures are also summarized.

1. LAND RESOURCES AND SOIL.
IN THIS
PRESANTATION
WE WILL COVER
IMPORTANT
TOPICS ABOUT
LAND RESOURCES
AND SOIL.

2. WHAT IS LAND RESOURCE ?
• Natural resources in the form of arable land.
• We are totally depended on land
for food, clothing and shelter.

3. PIE CHART.
LAND UNDER IMPORTANT RELIFE FEATURE.
PLAINS
MOUNTAINS
PLATEAUS

4. LAND UTILISATION
• Land resources used by following purpose are:
• Agriculture & Forest.
• Barren and Wasteland (Building, factories &
etc.)
• Fallow land.
• Net sown area.

5. Land use pattern in India.
• In India use of land is determined by both
physical factor such as topography , climate,
soil type as well as human factor such as
population density, technological capability
and culture and traditions.

6. Land Degradation and Conservation
Measures.
• Land degradation is a process in which the
value of the biophysical environment is
affected by a combination of human-induced
processes acting upon the land.
• Conservation measures to taken up :-
• Afforestation and proper management of
grazing.
• Proper management of wasteland.

7. SOIL AS RESOURCE.
• SOIL is the most important renewable natural
resource .
• Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic matter,
gases, liquids and a myriad of organisms that
can support plant life.

8. Soil Profile.

9. Classification of Soil.
• Alluvial soil
• Black soil
• Red and yellow soil
• Laterite soil
• Arid soil
• Forest soil

10. ALLUVIAL SOIL.
• Covering about 45.6% geographical area in India.
• Made up of silt , sand and clay.
• Rich in nutrients like potash , phosphoric acid and
lime
• Due to high fertility , area having soil are
intensely cultivated and highly populated.
• OLDER ALLUVIAL SOIL-BANGAR
• NEWER ALLUVIAL SOIL - KHADAR

11. Black soil( regur soil )
• Made up of extremely fine clayey material.
• It develops the deep cracks during summer
season which helps in aeration of soil became
sticky ( due to high moisture ) when wet
became difficult to be tilled.
• Covers near by 16 % geographical area India’s .

12. Red & Yellow Soil
• Covers about 10.6 % of India’s geographical
area.
• Red colour of soil is due to diffusion of iron
particles into crystalline and metamorphic
rocks.
• Where it is founded hydrated it turns to
Yellow.

13. Laterite soil
• Covers about 7.2% of India’s geographical
area.
• Low humus content .
• Very useful for coffee and tea plantation .
• Can be made cultivable by adding manure and
fertilizers.

14. Forest or Mountain Soil
• They are loamy and silty in valley side and
coarse grained in the upper slopes.
• Low humus content and acidic in north
side(J&K region).
• Used for cultivating spices , tea and coffee.

15. Arid soil
• Lacks in humus and moisture due to dry
climatic conditions and high temperature
where it is found.
• Kankar are found in it .
• After proper irrigation , these soil become
cultivable .

16. Soil Erosion
• Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away
(by wind or water) of the top layer
of soil (dirt).
• This is a serious problem for people who want
to grow crops. Crops are the foods
that farmers grow. If the soil has eroded, the
crops will not grow very well.

17. Soil Conservation
• Soil erosion can be conserved in several ways.
• Aforestation
• Terrace farming
• Planting wind breakers (the plants in row).