FOR CLASS VIII CBSE

1. Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation
and Wildlife Resources

2. LAND
Land is among the most important
natural resources.
It covers only about 30% of the total
area of the earth’s surface
Land use is the function of land – what
it is used for. Land is used for forestry,
mining, building houses, roads and
setting up of
industries

4. • Afforestation, land
• reclamation, regulated use of chemical
pesticide and
• fertilisers and checks on overgrazing are some
of the
• common methods used to conserve land.

7. SOIL
• The thin layer of grainy substance covering the
surface of the earth is called soil.
• Soil is made up of organic matter, minerals
and weathered rocks found on the earth.

11. Factors for soil
degradation
• Deforestation,
• Over grazing,
• Over use of chemical feritilisers or pesticides,
• Rain wash,
• Landslides
• Floods.

12. Methods of soil conservation
• Mulching
• Contour barriers:
• Rock dam
• Terrace farming:
• Intercropping
• Contour ploughing:
• Shelter belts

13. Mulching

17. Major factors for
water shortage
• Population growth
• Rising demands for food and cash crops
• Increasing urbanisation
• Rising standards of living

18. CONSERVATION OF WATER
RESOURCES
• Afforestation
• Water harvesting
• drip or trickle irrigation

19. NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
• Natural vegetation and wildlife exist only in
the narrow zone of contact between the
lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
that we call biosphere
• An ecosystem includes all of the living things
in a given area, interacting with each other,
and also with their non-living environments.

20. • Plants provide us with timber, give shelter to
animals, produce oxygen we breathe, protects
soils so essential for growing crops and act as
shelter belts.
• Wildlife includes animals, birds, insects as well
as the aquatic life forms. They provide us milk,
meat, hides and wool.

23. • Evergreen forests do not shed their leaves
simultaneously in any season of the year
• Deciduous forests shed their leaves in a
particular season to conserve loss of moisture
through transpiration.

25. Human made and natural factors for
degradation of vegetation and wild life
• Deforestation, soil erosion, constructional
activities, poaching,forest fires, tsunami and
landslides
• The animals are poached for collection and
illegal trade of hides, skins, nails, teeth, horns
as well as feathers.

26. Conservation measures
• National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere
reserves are made to protect our natural
vegetation and wildlife.
• Awareness programmes like social forestry
and Vanamohatasava