Government and markets hasselgren april 9 2013
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Presentation held at the Arena seminar Arpil 9 2013 in Malmo on Road Charging, EETS Business Framwork Seminar
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Government and markets hasselgren april 9 2013
- 1. Alternative financing and privatization of transport infrastructure – Prospects and difficulties EETS Business Framework Seminar Malmö, April 9 2013 Björn Hasselgren Architecture and the Built Environment
- 2. The rise of markets and the ”tax state” (Schumpeter, 1918) Autocracies Study object Govern- Markets ment
- 3. Private and public squares (Wagner, 1997/2007) Public Private square square - Private ownership - Collective ownership - Voluntary - Coercive - User financing - Tax financing - Agreement - Regulation
- 4. The entangled reality (Wagner) Public Private square square Cooperation and polycentrism is the normal pattern
- 5. Historical development of roads and railroads
- 7. Private and state railroads in Sweden 1925 - Concessions - Regulation - Financing/guarantees
- 8. Development over time of transport infrastructure -a co-evolutionary approach Public sector Development of transport infrastructure systems Politics and Technology Economics ”socio- Private sector culture”
- 9. Government and private sector involvement Private/public – Private – Government – stronger entrepreneurs consolidation efficiency 1850- 1930-60 incentives 1980-
- 10. Government and market Cust- Natural omer Competi- Scale- mono- orien- tiveness effects polies tation Wel- Flexi- Inno- fare- Finan- bility vation econo- cing mics Incen- External tives effects
- 11. Public or private goods? Private monopoly Market failure? Public goods (non-rivalrous, non-excludable, externalities) Public monopoly Government failure? Roads and railroads Market Private goods (rivalrous, excludable) Public sector provision Government failure?
- 12. Planning models Coordinated Spontaneous Centralized order planner Individual Centralized knowledge knowledge Market Government failure failure Un-coordinated
- 13. Future challenges • Spatial – division of responsibility and organization of transport infrastructure networks • Functional – new technology makes former organizations and financing measures obsolete • Financing and efficiency – user charging might be more efficient, private sector actors have stronger incentives for efficiency
- 15. How can markets be fostered? • The institutional environment – regulation, political support • Profits are necessary! • Financing and risk – government guarantees? • Knowledge – innovation and research • Long term perspectives • Culture and communication – language, political/business culture • Competition – diversity is good!
- 16. Do we have the necessary preconditions for success with projects like EETS? • How should transport infrastructure be financed? Politics and • What role should the government have? ”socio- culture” • Is there political support for road-charging? Economics • Is there a business case? Too high risks/uncertainty? • Is there financing for innovators and entrepreneurs? • Do we have technical standards that support the Technology business case?
- 17. What has to be changed? • Political consensus concerning alternative financing/user charges for roads • Local/national projects as a starting point • Concessions and financing
- 18. Björn Hasselgren KTH Royal Institute of Technology +46-70-762 33 16 bjorn.hasselgren@abe.kth.se