Gothic literature is characterized by settings in medieval castles, dungeons, and old country houses with secret passages. Common stock characters include innocent heroines endangered by cruel and lustful villains. Tales feature supernatural evil such as ghosts, demons, monsters, and black magic involving rape, incest, and murder. The atmosphere is typically gloomy, claustrophobic, terrifying, erotic, and nightmarish as it emphasizes the irrational and explores aberrant psychological states and links to female sexuality and oppression.