The document discusses the key factors that motivated European exploration between 1450-1700, known as the Age of Exploration. It describes the main motivations as the "Three G's" - Gold, Glory, and God. Europeans were motivated to explore in search of gold and resources from other continents that could be sold for profit. They also sought glory for their kingdoms and countries. Additionally, Europeans felt a duty to spread Christianity and convert native peoples. Technological developments in navigation helped enable long voyages of exploration by sea. The closing of traditional land trade routes to Asia after 1453 further pushed Europeans to find new maritime trade routes by exploring the oceans.

1. The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration
Europe Encounters the WorldEurope Encounters the World

2. Let’s Explore!Let’s Explore!

3. Why did European explorationsWhy did European explorations
happen?happen?
►A variety of factors all came together toA variety of factors all came together to
make the time period (1450-1700) the “agemake the time period (1450-1700) the “age
of exploration”of exploration”
►Some were pulls, others were motivations,Some were pulls, others were motivations,
and sometimes they were things thatand sometimes they were things that
attracted the Europeansattracted the Europeans

4. What is the easiest way to rememberWhat is the easiest way to remember
it all?it all?
►The Three G’s:The Three G’s:
 GoldGold
 GloryGlory
 GodGod
► Although a littleAlthough a little
simplistic, thissimplistic, this
mnemonicmnemonic is a greatis a great
way to remember theway to remember the
main motivations of themain motivations of the
European explorers.European explorers.

5. Early trade routes were traveled by ChristianEarly trade routes were traveled by Christian
Europeans to Asia.Europeans to Asia.
They traveled on land occupied by Muslims.They traveled on land occupied by Muslims.

6. As a result of theAs a result of the CrusadesCrusades (Holy Wars), the(Holy Wars), the
Muslims cut-off trade routes betweenMuslims cut-off trade routes between
Europe and Asia in 1453.Europe and Asia in 1453.

7. What factors were pushingWhat factors were pushing
Europeans to explore?Europeans to explore?
► Europeans—especiallyEuropeans—especially
Spain and Portugal---Spain and Portugal---
wanted to find awanted to find a waterwater
routeroute to Asia andto Asia and
Africa.Africa.
► They were upset withThey were upset with
the Italian merchantsthe Italian merchants
in Venice and Genoain Venice and Genoa
who were controllingwho were controlling
most of the trade withmost of the trade with
Asia and Africa.Asia and Africa.

8. The First G:The First G: GoldGold
► Explorers wanted actual gold, but they alsoExplorers wanted actual gold, but they also
wantedwanted anything that could make them moneyanything that could make them money..
► Foreign spices were desiredForeign spices were desired because Europe hadbecause Europe had
no refrigeration. Europeans wanted pepper andno refrigeration. Europeans wanted pepper and
nutmegnutmeg to season their foods.to season their foods. These spicesThese spices
were in the Spice Islands. (Indonesia)were in the Spice Islands. (Indonesia)
► OtherOther natural resourcesnatural resources (timber, sugar, tobacco,(timber, sugar, tobacco,
ivory) from other continentsivory) from other continents could be bought andcould be bought and
sold for a nice profit.sold for a nice profit.

9. Where are the Spice Islands?Where are the Spice Islands?

10. Where are the Spice Islands inWhere are the Spice Islands in
relationship to Europe?relationship to Europe?

11. Pass thePass the pepperpepper, please!, please!
► By the early 1500’s, Europeans came to the Spice Islands in search ofBy the early 1500’s, Europeans came to the Spice Islands in search of
cloves and nutmeg.cloves and nutmeg.
► They were highly valued asThey were highly valued as food preservatives.food preservatives.
► Wealthy ladies used to keep spices in lockets around their necks soWealthy ladies used to keep spices in lockets around their necks so
they couldthey could freshen their breathfreshen their breath easily.easily.
► GentlemenGentlemen added nutmeg to food and drink.added nutmeg to food and drink.
► Spices were also used forSpices were also used for medicinal purposesmedicinal purposes ,, especially in theespecially in the
relief of colic, gout, and rheumatism.relief of colic, gout, and rheumatism.
► SuchSuch great demandgreat demand meant that themeant that the prices of nutmeg and clovesprices of nutmeg and cloves
soared.soared.
► Expeditions were launched to find the source of these spices and bringExpeditions were launched to find the source of these spices and bring
themthem directly back to Europe.directly back to Europe.

12. The second G:The second G: GloryGlory
► Just like the first G,Just like the first G,
gloryglory was a relativelywas a relatively
new idea in Europe.new idea in Europe.
► TheThe printing pressprinting press nownow
allowed people to getallowed people to get
fame for their findings.fame for their findings.
► Kings wanted glory forKings wanted glory for
their kingdoms ---their kingdoms --- thethe
bigger, the more glorybigger, the more glory ..
The Triumph of Fame, a Flemish
tapestry from 1502.

13. The third G: GodThe third G: God
►Europeans had always seen spreadingEuropeans had always seen spreading
Christianity as their duty.Christianity as their duty.
►Colonizing foreign lands allowed them toColonizing foreign lands allowed them to
convert native peoples to Christianity.convert native peoples to Christianity.
►Spreading Christianity while killing andSpreading Christianity while killing and
taking land from natives??? Does it maketaking land from natives??? Does it make
any sense to you?any sense to you?

14. How did these ocean explorationsHow did these ocean explorations
begin?begin?
► TheThe first to encourage newfirst to encourage new
ship explorations wasship explorations was
Prince Henry of Portugal,Prince Henry of Portugal,
known as “known as “ Prince HenryPrince Henry
the Navigatorthe Navigator””
► Started a school forStarted a school for
seafaring and exploringseafaring and exploring
► Combined Islam shipCombined Islam ship
technology with newtechnology with new
European innovationsEuropean innovations
► By the time of his death inBy the time of his death in
1460, Portuguese had1460, Portuguese had
sailed as far south as thesailed as far south as the
Gold Coast of West AfricaGold Coast of West Africa

15. What were the new technologies thatWhat were the new technologies that
enabled explorations?enabled explorations?
► TheThe caravelcaravel was a new,was a new,
faster, more maneuverablefaster, more maneuverable
shipship
► Older ships had squareOlder ships had square
sails but caravels hadsails but caravels had
triangular sailstriangular sails (easier to(easier to
change direction)change direction)
► Bilge pump systemBilge pump system
enabled ship to float higherenabled ship to float higher
(less likely to run aground,(less likely to run aground,
easier to explore coastseasier to explore coasts
and rivers)and rivers)
► Compass, astrolabe, mapsCompass, astrolabe, maps
and other technologiesand other technologies
from Islamic culture allfrom Islamic culture all
helped make explorationshelped make explorations
possiblepossible

16. The European desires for wealth did not stop with the closing of the land trading routes.The European desires for wealth did not stop with the closing of the land trading routes.
They simply took another route……..by water!They simply took another route……..by water!

17. G……G……GG……G……G
►GodGod
►GloryGlory
►GoldGold