GMO Presentation
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This document describes an experiment to detect the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in various food items using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis. Samples tested included papaya, soy milk, wheat, and corn. DNA was extracted from the samples and amplified using PCR with green and red master mixes targeting the CaMV35S and NOS promoters and terminators. The results of gel electrophoresis were inconclusive due to possible errors in pipetting, DNA concentration, primer amount, evaporation, and contamination. The experimenters plan to repeat the process to improve results and apply it to identify GMOs in Puerto Rican products and their effects on the local diet.
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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This involves combining DNA from different sources and inserting it into an organism. The first GMO was a recombinant bacteria created in 1973. Since then, GMOs have been used in research, medicine, and agriculture. However, some argue GMOs can negatively impact human health through allergic reactions, decreased nutrition, toxicity, and antibiotic resistance in the food supply. Others note benefits like increased crop yields to feed the world's population. Debate focuses on safety, labeling, and corporate control of seeds.
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Genetic engineering is a technique used to alter or move genetic material from living cells. A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering. The first GMO was a mouse created in 1973 by transferring antibiotic resistance genes into its genome. Since then, scientists have genetically modified many other organisms like plants, animals and microbes by inserting genes from different species. While GMOs aim to improve traits like disease resistance and yield, some argue they may cause unintended health or environmental risks.
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A gene is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity that is responsible for an organism's physical and inheritable characteristics. Genetic engineering involves manipulating or altering the structure of genes to create desired traits in an organism. If genetic material from another species is added, the resulting organism is called transgenic. Genetic engineering can also remove genetic material, creating a knock out organism.
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This document discusses genetic engineering techniques such as molecular cloning and methods to introduce DNA into cells. It compares classical breeding to genetic engineering and describes how genetically modified organisms are created by inserting recombinant DNA into host organisms using techniques like biolistics, heat shock treatment, or electroporation. Examples of GMOs discussed include Flavr-Savr tomatoes and Bt-corn. While GMOs may increase crop yields, some have safety concerns about long term effects.
Role of biotechnology in enhancing fruit crop production and quality
It was evident that developed biotechnological approaches have the potential to enhance the yield, quality, and shelf-life of fruits and vegetables to meet the demands of the 21st century. However, the developed biotech approaches for fruits and vegetables were more of academic jargon than a commercial reality
Improving microalgae for biotechnology - from genetics to synthetic biology
The document discusses genetic engineering approaches for microalgae. It describes forward genetics methods like chemical and physical mutagenesis that generate random mutants for screening. It also describes reverse genetics methods like insertional mutagenesis that allow targeted modification of specific genes. The goal is to generate strains with desired traits like increased lipid or starch production for industrial applications.
Genomics platform for agriculture-CAT lecture
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This document summarizes information about genetically modified organisms and foods. It discusses:
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- Both the advantages of GMOs, such as increased crop yields and disease resistance, and the disadvantages, which include risks to biodiversity and potential allergic reactions in humans.
- Examples of genetically modified plants, animals, and other applications like producing insulin and vaccines.
- The ongoing controversies around GMOs regarding their ethics, impacts, and whether they should
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Genetic Engineering in Insect Pest management
gene incorporation is gaining attention across the globe with the aim of improving plant health, crop protection, and sustainable crop production. This versatile method of Scientific cultivation should be adopted by the growers as it has been investigated and assessed by experts and environmentalists. There is not any kind of toxic effect on mammalian.
Chloroplast transformation
Presented by- MD JAKIR HOSSAIN
Doctoral Research Scholar
Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering ,
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies,
Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Turkey
E. Mail- mjakirbotru@gmail.com
C:\Documents And Settings\Louay Labban Uok\Desktop\All\Powerpoints\Gmo Slides 1
This document provides an overview of using a GMO Investigator Kit to test for genetically modified organisms in food. It discusses why GMO testing is taught, outlines the workflow which includes DNA extraction from food samples and PCR amplification to detect genetic modifications. Key points are that primers target conserved plant genes to confirm viable DNA, and transgene sequences like CaMV 35S and NOS to identify specific GMOs. The kit is designed for an inquiry-based lab and includes controls while troubleshooting tips address potential issues.
New concepts in maintenance of plant breeding promises and prospects
1. The document discusses new concepts in plant breeding that promise to improve crops, including exploiting genes from wild plants and breaking complex traits into components to select for improved crops.
2. Recent advances in breeding technology such as wide hybridization between crops and wild relatives, molecular marker-assisted selection, and selecting for quantitative trait components are allowing plant breeders to make faster progress in improving yields and stress tolerance.
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Carlos Santos UPR-Cayey CV
Carlos Santos-Pérez is a biology student at the University of Puerto Rico-Cayey with a 4.0 GPA who is interested in pursuing a PhD in cancer biology; he has extensive research experience focusing on cancer and infectious disease through multiple research assistant positions; his goals are to obtain a PhD in cancer biology or cell biology and potentially pursue an MD/PhD.
Elisa
An ELISA test was performed on hypothetical samples from a group where some individuals exchanged bodily fluids, with one person carrying HIV. The ELISA allowed them to determine which samples were infected with HIV and identify the original couple where transmission occurred, in order to understand the spread of the infection within the group.
Problems
The document discusses three scientific seminars attended by the author on topics related to human health and energy production. The first seminar was on how genes in the inner ear may be related to cancer and how calcium signaling could be regulated to help treat cancer. The second discussed DNA damage sensing and repair to maintain genome stability. The third presented research on genetically modifying microorganisms to produce hydrocarbons as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. The author argues that this type of scientific research is important for improving human health and developing renewable energy sources.
Reflection essay of the blog
This reflection essay summarizes the author's blog created for their membership in the Research Initiative of Scientific Enhancement Program at the University of Puerto Rico. The blog was designed to promote preservation of natural resources and present the author's work in the program. It includes sections on the courses taken, presentations, curriculum vitae, photos, reflections, research experience, and seminars. The background image of a DNA molecule was chosen as a metaphor for the beginning of the author's scientific career. The blog required effort but represents their work and environmental values in an organized, effective manner.
Carlos santos
Carlos Santos maintains a blog documenting his academic work and experiences. The blog contains pages for the courses he has taken, including Introduction to Biology, Seminar in Scientific Literature, and Biomedical Techniques. It also includes pages for research proposals, a review paper on mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disease, an annotated bibliography, and presentations. The blog aims to archive Carlos' academic projects and reflections on his learning.
2. carlos calibration ed
Spectroscopy allows scientists to calibrate the linear relationship between the concentration of a substrate and its absorbance as measured by a spectroscope. A series of dilutions were prepared with varying quantities of substrate and substance to obtain different molarity solutions. Absorbency numbers from the spectroscope and concentration numbers were used to establish a linear calibration curve relating concentration to absorbance. This calibration curve allows scientists to determine the unknown concentration or molarity of a substance if one of the values is known.
5 & 6. carlos dna & bioinformatics ed
Bioinformatics is the application of statistics and computational science to biology, working closely with genetics. The seminar discussed using bioinformatics databases from the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) containing all known genomes. NCBI allows scientists to identify and compare genome sequences from different species to determine similarity and differences, helping identify non-human or non-primate species similar to humans like mice and rats for studying specific genes or proteins.
5 & 6. carlos dna & bioinformatics ed
Bioinformatics is the application of statistics and computational science to biology. This seminar discussed how to use bioinformatics databases from the National Center of Biotechnology Information to identify and compare genome sequences from different species to determine if two species are similar or different. The seminar showed how scientists can use databases to identify non-human or non-primate species similar to humans, such as mice and rats, to study the synthesis of specific genes or proteins.
7 10. carlos p glo & sds, nano, biofueled
Bacterial transformation is a technique used in biomedical research to identify proteins expressed in organisms. The laboratory transformed E. coli bacteria to express GFP when exposed to UV light by growing them in petri dishes with different conditions. They then performed SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis to see GFP expression. They observed GFP in both gels, showing good pipetting and sample loading.
Nanotechnology has many biomedical applications like attempting to deposit hydroxyapatite on inorganic metals or fibers to replace bone. The laboratory performed experiments to develop sensors to detect hydrogen on other planets. Sensors reacted in the presence but not absence of hydrogen. However, the technique did not work well due to insufficient time and lack of precision.
4. carlos dn ato proteined
The document summarizes a three-day workshop consisting of five protocols related to the topic of gene expression and protein synthesis. The protocols included extracting DNA from saliva, amplifying a gene for green fluorescent protein via PCR, performing electrophoresis to separate DNA molecules, conducting protein electrophoresis, and observing E. coli expressing GFP and Lux proteins under a microscope. The workshop demonstrated that protein synthesis is regulated by gene expression.
3. carlos water sampling ed revise
During a seminar on water sampling, students learned how to collect and analyze water samples using modern techniques like Idexx Colilert powder. They observed samples collected in communities near Cayey and analyzed the results statistically, calculating values like the mode, median, mean, standard deviation, and variance. Students also learned to apply the null and alternative hypotheses to their lab results. In conclusion, by observing statistical numbers and graphs, they determined urban river samples tended to have higher E. coli contamination than rural river samples.
1. carlos microscopy ed
Microscopy is a technical field that has greatly impacted biology by allowing the discovery of cells through the microscope. There are different types of microscopes for various purposes, including stereo, light, and electron microscopes. The stereo microscope is used for dissection and larger objects, while the light microscope has higher magnification for smaller objects like cells but not organelles. The electron microscope provides the highest magnification for viewing tiny organelles.
11. carlos got protein aed
Proteins are important for genetics and nutrition. The document describes an experiment using spectrophotometry to measure the protein content of evaporated and fresh milk by creating protein standards to generate a linear regression model for determining protein concentrations in the milk samples, which were then compared to nutritional label concentrations.
El cuarto
DNA fingerprinting allows investigators to identify criminals by replicating and comparing DNA samples. The document discusses a seminar where students replicated DNA from five suspects and a crime scene, then used PCR to compare the samples and determine which suspect's DNA matched the crime scene DNA. While useful for criminal investigations, DNA evidence requires additional analytical techniques for validation in a court of law.
Carlos santos proposal
This study aims to determine if plant extracts containing melatonin can help control symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Rats will be induced with Parkinson's disease and divided into groups receiving different concentrations of melatonin extract from Achillea millefolium or conventional treatment. The researcher will observe the rats daily and compare their tremors and involuntary movements to determine if the melatonin extracts reduce symptoms. If results confirm the hypothesis, further research may explore other plant extracts and expanding to primate studies.
Carlos santos curriculum vitae
This curriculum vitae is for Carlos J. Santos-Perez, who is studying biology at the University of Puerto Rico in Cayey with a 4.0 GPA. His objective is to perform high quality work and gain more knowledge in science to be a model citizen. He attended Catholic primary and secondary schools in Cayey and Caguas, Puerto Rico, achieving high GPAs. His honors include being selected Student of the Year and for an education award. He is participating in research programs at his university and is a member of honor societies. He has professional references from his past professors and research program coordinators.
Seminar of mary chely quinones
The document discusses a seminar presentation about electromagnetic resonance and its applications in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, materials science, anthropology, and physics. It describes several techniques involving electromagnetic resonance, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging, and superconducting quantum interference devices. The presentation proposes using electromagnetic resonance techniques to observe the behavior of proteins during active transport through cell membranes, which could provide insight into protein function, drug interactions, and viral infections.
Annotated bibliography endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria interplay media...
The first document discusses how endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons may be related to Parkinson's disease. The researchers found that calcium acts as a mediator between the ER and mitochondria, triggering signaling cascades that lead to apoptosis. They provided evidence that increased neurotoxins like MPP+ decrease mitochondrial activity and induce apoptosis.
The second document examines the relationship between the mitochondrial 4977b common deletion and Parkinson's disease. While this deletion was previously linked to Parkinson's and related movement disorders, the researchers sought to determine whether it was caused by aging or Parkinson's itself. Their study found no connection between Parkinson's disease and this mitochondrial deletion, nor did aging combined with Parkinson's cause the deletion
Carlos santos review revised ed
The document discusses the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disease (PD). It summarizes that neurotoxins like MPTP can induce PD by decreasing the activity of mitochondrial Complex I, which is involved in cellular respiration. This reduction in Complex I activity leads to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. While certain genetic polymorphisms and calcium accumulation may also contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotoxins appear to be a primary factor in reducing Complex I activity and inducing PD.
Review ms eileen rodriguez seminar.docx
1. The document discusses the relationship between physiology, morphology, anatomy, neurology, and the healthy functions of the human body. As an example, it discusses the relationship between muscle relaxation/contraction in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the production of nitric oxide (NO).
2. It then provides statistics on GI problems in the US population and lists common motility disorders. Peristalsis in the GI tract is regulated by the myenteric plexus nerve system, which contains nerves that relax smooth muscles via neurotransmitters like NO.
3. The document outlines several experiments conducted by Eileen Rodriguez to test the hypothesis that calcium channel activation leads to NO production and intestinal relaxation. The results supported
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GMO Presentation
- 1. Presence of CaMV35S and NOS in Carica Papaya, Glycine Max, Triticum spp. and Zeamays Valeria Rivera-Torres Carlos Santos-Perez Juan Feliciano-Figueroa RISE Students Mentor: Dr. Belinda Roman-Aviles
- 2. Introduction Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) refers to animals, plants and microorganisms that are inserted with a foreign gene or genes, that partially or completely change their metabolic pathway. A GM plant contains a promoter and a terminator in order to create the modification in the DNA sequence of the organism. Promoter-35S Terminator- NOS PCR vs. ELISA
- 3. Objectives This experiment focuses on detecting the presence of genetically modified organisms using food items to extract DNA, amplify using PCR and run a gel electrophoresis. Carica papaya (Papaya) Glycine max (Soy milk) Triticum spp. (Wheat) Zeamays (Whole Corn)
- 4. Hypothesis It is expected that Glycine max and Zeamayswill be Genetically modified whether Carica papaya and Triticum spp. will not be.
- 5. Methodology
- 6. Extracting DNA Mortar and Pestle Technique Grind with pestle for at least 2 min to form a slurry. Instagene® (BioRad®) Lysis the cells from this sample Precipitate the DNA Place the samples on the hot plate for 5 minutes at 37°C. Denature Proteins
- 7. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Each tube contain the respective master mix Mastermix- green Mastermix-red Each eppendorff tube contains: NGMO PMM (green) NGMO GMM (red) GMO + PMMM (green) GMO + GMM (red) Carica Papaya PMM (green) CaricaPapay GMM (red) Glycine max PMM (green) Glycine max GMM (red) Each tube contain the respective master mix Mastermix- green Mastermix-red Each eppendorff tube contains: NGMO PMM (green) NGMO GMM (red) GMO + PMMM (green) GMO + GMM (red) Whole corn PMM (green) Whole corn GMM (red) Wheat PMM (green) Wheat GMM (red)
- 8. Electrophoresis Make the agarose gel 3% of Agaraose Add 10 microliters of Orange G loading dye (LD) to each sample and mix well. Load 20 microliters of the molecular weight ruler and 20 micro liters of each sample into your gel. Ethidium Bromide Reasons for the addition: Orange G Loading Dye Molecular Weight Ruler
- 10. Carlos
- 11. Valeria
- 12. Juan
- 13. Conclusion The hypothesis can not be accepted or rejected. Human errors are involved and affected the results of the investigation. Pipetting, concentrated DNA, lots of primer, evaporation, and contamination are among the possible errors that occurred during this experiment.
- 14. Future Plans The researchers will make a repetition of the same process in order to improve the results. This research can be apply to the agriculture in Puerto Rico in order to identify which of the Puerto Rican products are GMOs. Interdisciplinary contribution to the Puerto Rican community. The effects of GMOs present in the Puerto Rican diet.
- 15. References Cantamutto, M., & Poverene, M. (2007). Genetically modified sunflower release: Opportunities and risks. Fields Crops Research, 101, 133-134. Jiao, Z., Deng, J., Li, G., & Cai, Z. (2010). Study on the compositional differences between transgenic and non-transgenic papaya(Carica papaya L.). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23, 640-647. Scipioni, A., Saccarola, G., Arena, F., & Alberto, S. (2008). Strategies to assure the abscence of GMO in food products application process in a confectionery firm. Food Control, 16, 569-578. Terzi, V., Malnati, M., Barbanera, M., Stanca, A., & Faccioli, P. (2003). Development of analytical systems based on real-time PCR for Trititcum species- specific detection and quatitation of bread wheat contamination in semolina and pasta. Journal of Cereal Science, 38, 87-94. BioRad® Manual of: Biotechnology Explorer™ GMO Investigator™ Kit
Editor's Notes
- 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35S)NopalineSynthase(NOS) gene of Agrobacteriumtumefaciens.Duplex vs. SimplexThere was two different types of procedures in order to identify if a fruit is genetically modified- PCR that is for gene or ELISA- that is for proteins. Actually, a promoter is involved in RNA transcription from a DNA sequence. It regulates the binding of RNA polymerase and the rate at which RNA is transcribed.Promoters are specific sequences of DNA where polymerase initiates transcription. The terminator is a sequence that signals the end of transcription.For translation a AUG is the start codon, and translation stops at the STOP codon.A transgene is any foreign DNA that has been inserted into the genome of an organism, typically using transposable elements.
- Explain 2 grams of each sample.
- Red- primersforterminator(NOS) NopalineSynthaseofAgrobacteriumtumefasiensandpromoter (CamV35-Cauliflowermosaic virus)Greenisforthephotsystem gene identification-Indentifyifthesampoleis a productof a plant.
- Red iswho determineiftheproductis a GMO.