Carlos Santos-Pérez is a biology student at the University of Puerto Rico-Cayey with a 4.0 GPA who is interested in pursuing a PhD in cancer biology; he has extensive research experience focusing on cancer and infectious disease through multiple research assistant positions; his goals are to obtain a PhD in cancer biology or cell biology and potentially pursue an MD/PhD.
A recruitment presentation for students interested in pre-med or majors in natural science. Presented in September 2009 by Deb Dotterer, CNS Director of Student Affairs.
Handbook of Andrology
Contents
PREFACE
B. Robaire and P. Chan
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
FOREWORD
P. Troen
1. What are the components of the male reproductive system?
CNS, pituitary, testis, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles, scrotum,
penis
K.P. Roberts
2. What is the relationship among the various endocrine components
of the male reproductive system?
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis, feedback loops
R. Swerdloff
3. How are communication signals read in the male reproductive
system?
Receptors for gonadotropins and androgens
I. Huhtaniemi
4. What compounds mediate communication within the testis? Where
and how are male-associated hormones produced?
Integration of the hypothalamus, pituitary and testis
B.R. Zirkin
5. How is the synthesis of testosterone regulated?
V. Papadopoulos
6. How are germ cells produced and what factors control their
production?
M. Nagano
7. What unique chromosomal events lead to the formation of a
haploid male germ cell?
M.A. Handel
8. How is the production Hormonal regulation and FSH
R.I. McLachlan
9. Are there epigenetic formation? What is cells?
Imprinting, DNA methylation
J.M. Trasler
10. What does the epididymis B.T. Hinton
11. What is the prostate G.S. Prins
12. How does semen analysis status of the male?
C. Wang
13. How is sperm chromatin doing such assessments?
Range of methods B. Robaire
14. What is sperm banking? in humans? Animals?
Sperm banking, consequences practice
S.A. Rothmann
15. How does the sperm fertilization take place?
Capacitation, acrosome egg activation
J.P. Evans and J.16. What determines maleness?
Sex determination, phenotype
D.W. Silversides and
XI
system?
vesicles, scrotum,
endocrine components
loops
reproductive
the testis? Where
control their
formation of a
8. How is the production of spermatozoa regulated?
Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis: role of androgens
and FSH
R.I. McLachlan
9. Are there epigenetic events associated with male germ cell
formation? What is the role of genomic imprinting in male germ
cells?
Imprinting, DNA methylation
J.M. Trasler
10. What does the epididymis do and how does it do it?
B.T. Hinton
11. What is the prostate and what are its functions?
G.S. Prins
12. How does semen analysis assist in understanding the reproductive
status of the male?
C. Wang
13. How is sperm chromatin structure assessed? What is the value of
doing such assessments?
Range of methods that assess sperm chromatin quality
B. Robaire
14. What is sperm banking? When and how is it (or should it be) used
in humans? Animals?
Sperm banking, consequences of its use in animal and clinical
practice
S.A. Rothmann
15. How does the sperm make its way to the egg and how does
fertilization take place?
Capacitation, acrosome exocytosis, steps of sperm-egg interaction,
egg activation
J.P. Evans and J.L. Bailey
16. What determines maleness?
Sex determination, testis formation and the development of the male
phenotype
Subject-matter experts from different disciplines gathered to provide relevant insights into stem cell and developmental biology, organ system function, and innovative approaches to regenerate or bioengineer a kidney.
A recruitment presentation for students interested in pre-med or majors in natural science. Presented in September 2009 by Deb Dotterer, CNS Director of Student Affairs.
Handbook of Andrology
Contents
PREFACE
B. Robaire and P. Chan
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
FOREWORD
P. Troen
1. What are the components of the male reproductive system?
CNS, pituitary, testis, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles, scrotum,
penis
K.P. Roberts
2. What is the relationship among the various endocrine components
of the male reproductive system?
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis, feedback loops
R. Swerdloff
3. How are communication signals read in the male reproductive
system?
Receptors for gonadotropins and androgens
I. Huhtaniemi
4. What compounds mediate communication within the testis? Where
and how are male-associated hormones produced?
Integration of the hypothalamus, pituitary and testis
B.R. Zirkin
5. How is the synthesis of testosterone regulated?
V. Papadopoulos
6. How are germ cells produced and what factors control their
production?
M. Nagano
7. What unique chromosomal events lead to the formation of a
haploid male germ cell?
M.A. Handel
8. How is the production Hormonal regulation and FSH
R.I. McLachlan
9. Are there epigenetic formation? What is cells?
Imprinting, DNA methylation
J.M. Trasler
10. What does the epididymis B.T. Hinton
11. What is the prostate G.S. Prins
12. How does semen analysis status of the male?
C. Wang
13. How is sperm chromatin doing such assessments?
Range of methods B. Robaire
14. What is sperm banking? in humans? Animals?
Sperm banking, consequences practice
S.A. Rothmann
15. How does the sperm fertilization take place?
Capacitation, acrosome egg activation
J.P. Evans and J.16. What determines maleness?
Sex determination, phenotype
D.W. Silversides and
XI
system?
vesicles, scrotum,
endocrine components
loops
reproductive
the testis? Where
control their
formation of a
8. How is the production of spermatozoa regulated?
Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis: role of androgens
and FSH
R.I. McLachlan
9. Are there epigenetic events associated with male germ cell
formation? What is the role of genomic imprinting in male germ
cells?
Imprinting, DNA methylation
J.M. Trasler
10. What does the epididymis do and how does it do it?
B.T. Hinton
11. What is the prostate and what are its functions?
G.S. Prins
12. How does semen analysis assist in understanding the reproductive
status of the male?
C. Wang
13. How is sperm chromatin structure assessed? What is the value of
doing such assessments?
Range of methods that assess sperm chromatin quality
B. Robaire
14. What is sperm banking? When and how is it (or should it be) used
in humans? Animals?
Sperm banking, consequences of its use in animal and clinical
practice
S.A. Rothmann
15. How does the sperm make its way to the egg and how does
fertilization take place?
Capacitation, acrosome exocytosis, steps of sperm-egg interaction,
egg activation
J.P. Evans and J.L. Bailey
16. What determines maleness?
Sex determination, testis formation and the development of the male
phenotype
Subject-matter experts from different disciplines gathered to provide relevant insights into stem cell and developmental biology, organ system function, and innovative approaches to regenerate or bioengineer a kidney.
My books- Hacking Digital Learning Strategies http://hackingdls.com & Learning to Go https://gum.co/learn2go
Resources at http://shellyterrell.com/classmanagement
This was an interesting project. My professor acted like a "client" and sent us random information for this project at random times, out of order, and in the wrong formats. It was challenging, but rewarding.
Antimicrobial stewardship to prevent antimicrobial resistanceGovindRankawat1
India is among the nations with the highest burden of bacterial infections.
India is one of the largest consumers of antibiotics worldwide.
India carries one of the largest burdens of drug‑resistant pathogens worldwide.
Highest burden of multidrug‑resistant tuberculosis,
Alarmingly high resistance among Gram‑negative and Gram‑positive bacteria even to newer antimicrobials such as carbapenems.
NDM‑1 ( New Delhi Metallo Beta lactamase 1, an enzyme which inactivates majority of Beta lactam antibiotics including carbapenems) was reported in 2008
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
1. Carlos Santos-Pérez
Urb Sierra Real Box 246
Cayey, PR 00736-9003
T 7873671030
carlos.santos9@upr.edu
carlossantos791@gmail.com
PROFILE
Innovation and critical thinking are two factors that motivate me to learn more in the
scientific research field. I am interested in all areas of science ranging from social science to
natural science. My strengths are that I am perseverant, responsible, a team member and hold
my self to a high standard. On the other hand, I recognize that I need to work on my
weaknesses.
E D U C AT I O N
Biology Student, University of Puerto Rico- Cayey (UPR-C) — 2010-2014
I am a biology major. Currently I am preparing for a Ph.D. in cancer biology. My GPA is
4.00 with 109 credits approved.
RESEARCH EXPERIENCE
Research Assistant, Dr. Richer Laboratory; The Endocrine Society - University of Colorado
— Summer 2011
My work focused on breast cancer research- 'MDV3100 as a Treatment for Luminal Breast
Cancer’. In order to perform this project I read scientific papers to understand completely the
procedures that I made in the laboratory (Real Time RT-PCR, Growth Assays,
Immunocytochemistry and Western Blot) In addition to that I read additional information in
order to understand the background information and the basic science behind this research
topic. Our aims were to determine if MDV3100 was an estrogen antagonist and how it was
able to inhibit the proliferation of the MCF7 cells (Luminal breast cancer cell line).
Research Assistant, Dr. Maldonado Laboratory; UPR-Cayey — August 2011 to May 2012
Using computational techniques we were looking for novel drugs to treat patients with
Dengue Virus. This project involved techniques related to bioinformatics, computational
biology and In silico drug discovery and development. Also I was able to learn how to design
molecules and to test if this molecules could be possible treatment against dengue virus. At
this point, potential possible treatments identified in our in silico approaches are going to be
tested in vitro.
Research Assistant, Dr. Shupnik Laboratory; The Endocrine Society- University of Virginia
— Summer 2012
I was working on a project called ‘Dax-1 and WT-1: Novel Regulators of the LHß
transcription’. Using Western Blot, Luciferase Assay and other techniques, we looked into
how these two proteins modulate the synthesis of the Luteinizing Hormone in conjunction
with the Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone and the proteasome degradation system of the
2. cell. Luteinizing Hormone over expression is associated with diseases like Polycystic Ovarian
Syndrome and other female reproduction endocrine disorders. Results from this research are
going to be publish next year.
Research Assistant, Dr. Maldonado Laboratory; UPR-Cayey — August 2012 to present
‘In silico drug discovery of Wee1 Kinase Inhibitors’ In this project we are identifying
potential drug-like compounds that may inhibit uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Right
now, we are in the phase of finding potential protein targets associated with cancer
progression. It have been identified several targets associated with breast cancer, prostate
cancer and lung cancer.
HONORS
• First Place, Poster Presentation, 22nd Student Research Symposium at the University of
Puerto Rico at Cayey, September, 2011.
• Outstanding Presentation at ABRCMS meeting (Cancer Biology Category), November
2011.
• Outstanding Presentation at 23rd Student Research Symposium at the University of
Puerto Rico at Cayey, December 2011.
• First Place, Frank G. Brooks for Excellence in Student Research, Oral Presentation,
Caribbean Regional Convention National Biological Honor Society, March, 2012.
• Minority Access Program Award Recipient, The Endocrine Society April 2011.
• Honor Student of the HHH association at the University of Puerto Rico at Cayey.
• Outstanding Poster Presentation at ENDO 2012 (The Endocrine Society National
Conference) Minority Mentoring and Poster Reception, June 2012
• Outstanding Poster Presentation at SACNAS 2012, October 2012
• Award for Academic Excellence; Academic Affairs Dean’s Lists at the University of
Puerto Rico at Cayey, April 2011 and 2012.
P O S T E R P R E S E N TAT I O N S
22nd Student Research Symposium in the University of Puerto Rico at Cayey August,
2011.
Title presented: MDV3100 as a Treatment for Luminal Breast Cancer.
3. Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students (ABRCMS) 2011 November
2011
Title presented: MDV3100 as a Treatment for Luminal Breast Cancer
24th Student Research Symposium in the University of Puerto Rico at Cayey August,
2012
Title presented: Dax-1 and WT-1: Novel Regulators of the LHß transcription.
95th The Endocrine Society National Conference (ENDO 2012), June 2012
Title presented: MDV3100 as a Treatment for Luminal Breast Cancer.
Society for Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) National
Conference, October 2012
Title presented: In silico Discovery of Dengue Virus Protease Inhibitors.
O R A L P R E S E N TAT I O N S
GEMS 2011; University of Colorado Denver, Anshutsz Medical Campus; Summer 2011.
Title Presented: MDV3100 as a Treatment for Luminal Breast Cancer.
23rd Student Research Symposium in the University of Puerto Rico at Cayey — December,
2011
Title Presented: In Silico Drug Discovery for Dengue Protease Inhibitors
Caribbean Regional Convention National Biological Honor Society at the University of
Puerto Rico at Cayey — March, 2012
Title Presented: MDV3100 as a Treatment for Luminal Breast Cancer
SRIP 2012 University of Virginia — August 2012
Title Presented: Dax 1 and WT 1: Novel Regulators of the LHß trasncription
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS
Associate Member of The Endocrine Society
Attended to ENDO meetings of 2011 and 2012
4. National Biological Honor Society (Tri-Beta; Zeta Epsilon Chapter) at the University of
Puerto Rico at Cayey
Treasurer 2012-2013
HHH Honor Society Student Member of the University of Puerto Rico at Cayey
Society for Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS)
Student Member of American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
FUTURE GOALS
PhD in Cancer Biology or Cell Biology
MD/PhD
REFERENCES
Steven Anderson PhD Margaret Shupnik PhD
Vice-Chair of Research, Senior Associate Dean for Research
University of Virginia
University of Colorado at Denver Dean’s office: (434) 982-3408
Phone: 303-724-3742 Lab office: (434)(82-0010
mas3x@virginia.edu
steve.anderson@ucdenver.edu