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![• Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism (GMO) in 1973.
They took a gene from a bacterium that provided resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin,
inserted it into a plasmid and then induced another bacteria to uptake the plasmid. The bacteria
was then able to survive in the presence of kanamycin.[12] Boyer and Cohen expressed other
genes in bacteria. This included genes from the toad Xenopus laevisin 1974, creating the first
GMO expressing a gene from an organism from different kingdom.[13]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gmo-170312131510/85/Gmo-10-320.jpg)
![IN 1973 RUDOLF JAENISCH CREATED
A TRANSGENIC MOUSE BY INTRODUCING
FOREIGN DNA INTO ITS EMBRYO,
MAKING IT THE WORLD’S FIRST
TRANSGENIC ANIMAL. HOWEVER IT
TOOK ANOTHER EIGHT YEARS BEFORE
TRANSGENIC MICE WERE DEVELOPED
THAT PASSED THE TRANSGENE TO THEIR
OFFSPRING.[15][16] GENETICALLY
MODIFIED MICE WERE CREATED IN 1984
THAT CARRIED CLONED ONCOGENES,
PREDISPOSED THEM TO DEVELOPING
CANCER.[17] MICE WITH GENES KNOCKED
OUT (KNOCKOUT MOUSE) WERE
CREATED IN 1989. THE FIRST
TRANSGENIC LIVESTOCK WERE
PRODUCED IN 1985[18] AND THE FIRST
ANIMAL TO SYNTHESISE TRANSGENIC
PROTEINS IN THEIR MILK WERE
MICE,[19] ENGINEERED TO PRODUCE
HUMAN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN
ACTIVATOR IN 1987.[20]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gmo-170312131510/85/Gmo-16-320.jpg)
![•Gmo plants….
• Used to get rid of virus
• Eg., papaya --- papaya ring spot virus
• Fungal diseases
• pathogen derived resisant
•Gmo animals/mammals…..
• to research human diseases (for example, to develop animal models for these diseases);
• to produce industrial or consumer products (fibres for multiple uses);
• to produce products intended for human therapeutic use (pharmaceutical products or tissue
implantation);
• to enrich or enhance the animals' interactions with humans (hypo-allergenic pets);
• to enhance production or food quality traits (faster growing fish, pigs that digest food more
efficiently);
• to improve animal health (disease resistance)[76]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gmo-170312131510/85/Gmo-26-320.jpg)
More Related Content
Gmo
- 1.
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- 3. * It isa TECHNIQUE used to *ALTER or MOVE GENETIC MATERIAL(Genes)of LIVING CELLS
- 4. WHAT IS GMO?• A Genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically engineered organism)
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- 6. • The termGMO is very close to the technical legal term, 'living modified organism', defined in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which regulates international trade in living GMOs (specifically, "any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology").
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- 8. • The firstgenetically modified mouse was in 1973, The first plant was produced in 1983.
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- 10. • Herbert Boyerand Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism (GMO) in 1973. They took a gene from a bacterium that provided resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin, inserted it into a plasmid and then induced another bacteria to uptake the plasmid. The bacteria was then able to survive in the presence of kanamycin.[12] Boyer and Cohen expressed other genes in bacteria. This included genes from the toad Xenopus laevisin 1974, creating the first GMO expressing a gene from an organism from different kingdom.[13]
- 11. PRODUCTION •Genetic modification involvesthe mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes. Inserted genes usually come from a different species in a form of horizontal gene-transfer. In nature this can occur when exogenous DNA penetrates the cell membrane for any reason. This can be
- 12. •Attaching the genesto a virus. •Physically inserting the extra DNA into the nucleus of the intended host with a very small syringe. •Using electroporation (that is, introducing DNA from one organism into the cell of another by use of an electric pulse). •Firing small particles from a gene gun.
- 13. GENETIC MODIFICATION CANBE DONE IN
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- 16. IN 1973 RUDOLFJAENISCH CREATED A TRANSGENIC MOUSE BY INTRODUCING FOREIGN DNA INTO ITS EMBRYO, MAKING IT THE WORLD’S FIRST TRANSGENIC ANIMAL. HOWEVER IT TOOK ANOTHER EIGHT YEARS BEFORE TRANSGENIC MICE WERE DEVELOPED THAT PASSED THE TRANSGENE TO THEIR OFFSPRING.[15][16] GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICE WERE CREATED IN 1984 THAT CARRIED CLONED ONCOGENES, PREDISPOSED THEM TO DEVELOPING CANCER.[17] MICE WITH GENES KNOCKED OUT (KNOCKOUT MOUSE) WERE CREATED IN 1989. THE FIRST TRANSGENIC LIVESTOCK WERE PRODUCED IN 1985[18] AND THE FIRST ANIMAL TO SYNTHESISE TRANSGENIC PROTEINS IN THEIR MILK WERE MICE,[19] ENGINEERED TO PRODUCE HUMAN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR IN 1987.[20]
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- 22. • If theAmericans like to eat GMO products, let them eat it then. We don’t need to do that; we have enough space and opportunities to produce organic food.
- 23. HERE’S A RUNDOWNOF NATIONS WITH GMO PROHIBITIONS
- 24. sn o Country name CultivationImport a. Austria Prohibited Allowed b. Bulgaria Prohibited Allowed c. Bhutan Banned Allowed d. Ukraine Banned Allowed e. Russia Banned Banned f. Venezuela Banned Banned
- 25.
- 26. •Gmo plants…. • Usedto get rid of virus • Eg., papaya --- papaya ring spot virus • Fungal diseases • pathogen derived resisant •Gmo animals/mammals….. • to research human diseases (for example, to develop animal models for these diseases); • to produce industrial or consumer products (fibres for multiple uses); • to produce products intended for human therapeutic use (pharmaceutical products or tissue implantation); • to enrich or enhance the animals' interactions with humans (hypo-allergenic pets); • to enhance production or food quality traits (faster growing fish, pigs that digest food more efficiently); • to improve animal health (disease resistance)[76]
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- 28. FOOD ALLERGY INCREASED TOXICITY DECREASEDNUTRITIONAL VALUE
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- 35. Blue rose & Some GMOflowers
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