The document discusses genetically modified crops (GMCs), including their definition, methods of genetic modification, potential benefits and risks. Some key points: - GMCs are plants whose genetic characteristics have been altered by inserting genes from other species, conferring traits like pest/disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, drought tolerance, or improved nutrition. - Potential benefits include increased crop yields and reduced need for pesticides, but risks include possible human health impacts and environmental effects like gene transfer to non-target species. - Global adoption of major GM crops like soybean and maize has increased significantly since their introduction in the late 1990s, though uptake varies by country. Vietnam has conducted research on GM rice,

1. A child in Africa

3. Genetically modified crops PHAM VAN CHUYEN

4. Overview Definition Method Usefulness of GM crops Harmfulness of GM crops Timeline and status Vietnam and GM crops Conclusion

5. Definition A genetically modified crop (GMC) is an plant whose genetic characteristics have been altered by human

6. Method Note: Bt: Bacterium thuringiensis

7. Usefulness of GM crops Pest resistance Disease resistance Herbicide tolerance Drought tolerance Nutrition Pharmaceuticals Phytoremediation

8. Usefulness of GM crops 1,2 Pest & Disease resistance

9. Usefulness of GM crops Herbicide tolerance

10. 4. Drought tolerance Corn crops under drought stress

11. Result Genetically Modified Cotton (contains a bacterial gene for pest resistance) Standard Cotton

12. 5. Nutrition : Golden rice Worldwide, 7% of children suffer vitamin A deficiency, many of them living in regions in which rice is a staple of the diet. Golden rice (yellow) with standard rice (white).

13. Pharmaceuticals & Phytoremediation – ‘ Spike’ protein gene of the pig corona virus in the same family as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus – Glycoprotein gene gp 120 of the AIDS virus HIV-1 incorporated into GM maize as a cheap edible oral vaccine

14. Harmfulness of GM crops Human health - Allergen and toxin - Unknown effects on human health Environmental hazards - Unintended harm to other organisms - Gene transfer to non-target species - BT resistance Insect

15. Human health Allergen and toxin Unknown effects on human health

16. Environmental hazards Unintended harm to other organisms

17. Environmental hazards 2, Gene transfer to non-target species

18. Environmental hazards BT resistance Insect Larva eating GM crop leaf

19. Timeline & status 1986 – Federal “Coordinated Framework” for regulating biotech 1994 – First biotech food approved (Flavr Savr tomato) 1996 – First GM corn seed is sold; GM crops enter the food supply

20. Some result of Study Timeline & status

21. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2007: By Trait (Million Hectares) Source: Clive James, 2008 Herbicide Tolerance Insect Resistance Herbicide Tolerance/Insect Resistance

22. Source: Clive James, 2008 Global Adoption Rates (%) for Principal GM Crops (Million Hectares) 2007 M Acres 346 247 198 99 148 49 0 297 396 91 64% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Soybean Cotton Maize Canola standard GM crops 35 43% 148 24% 27 20%

23. GM Crop Countries and Mega-Countries, 2007

24. Vietnam and GM crops Vietnam begin to research GM crops from 1990 In Vietnam, institutes planed GM crops: rice, maize, potato

25. Conclusion Improved Nutrition Resistance to disease Reduced use of chemicals Environmental risks Health risks Economic risks So are GM foods a good or bad thing? It depend on each individual case In future, we will become agronomist, so did you have your own idea about Gm crops?