The document discusses how open innovation through digital technologies and online collaboration can help solve major problems. It provides examples of open source software projects like Linux that attracted global participation to create a free operating system. Inducement prizes are also discussed as a method to spur open innovation by clearly defining goals and allowing maximum freedom in how teams achieve the goals. Open inducement prizes are highlighted as an effective approach that can educate the public and sustain long-term progress through sharing and collaboration among participants.

4. video tapes to DVDs

6. once in a *civilisation*

8. most evident in the realm of content – music, film, text

9. brings need to move from approaches based on scarcity to those based on abundance

11. today: €50 memory stick, capacity 32 Gbytes, stores 5,000 songs

14. everyone with a smartphone can access *all* of it, anywhere

15. innovation driven not just by knowledge, but by connections

16. network effects – of knowledge, of knowers

18. top-down

19. collaboration hard

21. adding knowledge to traditional innovation makes it slower

23. its birth and characteristics can be observed in the story of the free operating system, GNU/Linux

25. GNU is ”GNU's Not Unix” - a recursive acronym

26. one man's attempt to create a free version of the leading Unix operating system

28. in March 1991, 21-year-old student Linus Torvalds started writing one ”just for fun” – in his Helsinki bedroom

29. key inflection was August 1991, when he opened up his ”Linux” project using the Internet

32. different people approach a problem in different ways

33. adding more people increases the probability that someone’s approach will matched the problem in such a way that the solution is obvious (”shallow”) to that person

35. launched November 2007

38. peer esteem

39. altruism

42. open call for solution

44. smaller-scale, tightly-specified, payment by results – DesignCrowd

45. mixed specification and payment terms – Challenge.gov

48. worth €40 ,000,000 present-day money

49. won unexpectedly by clockmaker, John Harrison

53. $1.5 billion dollars spent on private spaceflight industry

54. widespread publicity

56. launching, landing, and operating a rover on the lunar surface ($20 million)

57. improved point-of-care TB diagnostic suitable for the developing world

59. 16 year-old Canadian won national science contest with drug cocktail for helping cystic fibrosis patients

60. largest pool of participants

62. need clear end-points, ideally with milestones against which progress can be checked

63. need maximum freedom for achieving those milestones and the final result

65. new communities can be created around problems

66. feedback from even wider circle of interested parties can be offered

67. provides broad educational benefits

69. motivates people to participate

70. easier to create sustained media interest

71. public is more engaged with prize and participants

73. stops re-invention of the wheel

74. accelerates open innovation

75. adds to knowledge abundance

76. drives further open innovation

77. creates virtuous circle