Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of national economies through cross-border movement of goods, capital, services, technologies and people. It began with early trade routes like the Silk Road but accelerated in the late 19th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology. The IMF identifies four main aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people, and the dissemination of ideas and culture. While globalization has increased economic growth and competition, it has also led to environmental degradation and imbalances between nations. Both positive and negative impacts must be considered to achieve sustainable development.

1. SUBJECT : GLOBALIZATION – MEANS,
EFFECT & ASPECTS
Name : Apurv Mukund Londhe
College :SP College ,Pune

2. What is Globalization ?
 Globalization is the process of international integration
arising from the interchange of the world views, products
,ideas & culture .
It is nothing but world wide exchange of national and
cultural resources
International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four
concepts of globalization
 Trade & Transaction
 Capital & Investment Movement
 Migration & Movement of People
 Dissemination of People .

3.  Philosophy, religion, language, the arts, and other aspects of culture spread
and mixed as nations exchanged products and ideas.
 The overland Silk Road that connected Asia, Africa, and Europe is a good
example of a type of Globalization . It is how exchange began .
 Further , in 19th century we were modernized .Telephones ,Vehicles &
many other inventions took place which gave strength to globalization .
 Given picture shows Extent of the Silk Road and Spice trade routes owned
by 1453 .

4. History of Globalization
History of Globalization has three phases :
I. Archaic Globalization
II. Proto Globalization
III. Modern Globalization
Globalization is divided in these phases -
Archaic Globalization :
 Globalization at the time of earliest civilization until 1600 is Archaic
Globalization .
 It describes relation between communities and states - How they were created
by geographical spread of ideas and social norms at both local and regional
levels.
 The archaic globalization existed during Hellenistic age .

5. Proto Globalization :
 Proto Globalization or early modern globalization is a period roughly
between 1600 and 1800 .
 It distinguishes itself modern on basis of expansionism , method of
managing global trade & the level of information exchange .
 Proto Globalization was characterized by the rise of maritime
european empire .
 In 16th and 17th century it developed further when chartered
companies like British East India Company & Dutch East India
Company were established.

6. Modern Globalization :
 During the 19th century, globalization approached its modern form as a result of
the industrial revolution .
 In the 19th century, steamships reduced the cost of international transport
significantly and railroads made inland transport cheaper.
 The invention of shipping containers in 1956 helped advance the globalization of
commerce,
 In the late 19th century and early 20th century, the connectedness of the world's
economies and cultures grew very quickly.
 Globalized society offers a exchange of good thoughts , good ideas , good
products and many more . We are living in 21st century which is a Modern
Globalization .
All were the four phases in the history of Globalization .

7. Aspects of Globalization : What it Led to
?
 With improvements in transportation and communication, international
business grew rapidly after the beginning of the 20th century.
 Trade : International business arrangements have led to the formation
of multinational enterprises (MNE), & MNC – Multi National
Companies eg. MCDonalds , Samsung , Sony etc.
 Tourism : Globalization has made tourism a popular global leisure
activity. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to
500,000 people are in flight at any one time
 Sports : Globalization has continually increased international
competition in sports
Olympic Games , Asian Games etc. were introduced.

8.  Economics : Economic globalization is the increasing economic
interdependence of national economies across the world.
Current Developing Economies are increasing its strength
through Foreign Direct Investment . I,e. It helps foreign investment in our
growth .
 Politics : Politics is getting a turn due to globalization . Many of the
countries are now interdependent on each other thus the We can
conclude that in future their might be question on existence of UN
council , G8 , WTO etc.
 Environment : Biggest issue of globalization is environment. Human
challenges to the natural environment, such as climate change, cross-
boundary water and air pollution, over-fishing all have only one basic
reason Globalization .
These were the few aspects : which shows what globalization led
too . .

9. This graph itself shows how globalization helped for the econmoc
growth of the countries .
It shows both the growth – i.e Growth of Nations as well as Growth
of Corporate Sectors

10. Positive Aspects of Globalization
 More Efficient Market : The sign of an efficient market is where there is an
equilibrium between what buyers are willing to pay for a good or service and
what sellers are willing to sell for a good .
 Increase in Competition : With more competitors to fight over market
share, each company has to constantly look to improve their goods or services
or create more value for their customers.
This means better products and sometimes lower prices, which is always a
good thing for buyers.
 Stabilized Security : Globalization has halted many conflicts that
could have turned ugly if their country’s financial health didn’t depend
on the other.
 More wealth equality throughout the world : Globalization may
have stopped you from buying another flat screen TV, but it also
helped countless people in developing countries put food on their table
for their families.

11. Negative Aspects of Globalization
 Globalization uses up finite resources more quickly : Due to use of
finite natural resources World will be facing the problem of Global Warming &
various environmental issues.
 Globalization increases world carbon dioxide emissions : It is due
to easy availability of goods emitting CFC’s .
 With the dollar as the world’s reserve currency, globalization leads
to huge US balance of trade deficits and other imbalances :
Example is the latest one with Rupees .
 Globalization tends to move taxation away from corporations, and
onto individual : It is due to industries that contribute more in GDP .
Government somewhere gives them concessions . But at the same time taxes
are collected more from the common people .

12. OUR CONCLUSION
 Each country should have its own limit of extension
of policies .
 Sustainable Development of World must be
considered .
 Balancing Development along with Balancing
Environment will lead to sustainable growth.
 If anything used in excess always degrades . So
world and we people have to limit our needs!!!

14. THE END