Globalization is defined as the increased interconnectedness and interdependence of people and countries through the opening of international borders and fast flow of goods, services, finance, people and ideas globally. It involves the free flow of goods, capital, technology, labor, and ideas across national borders. Key aspects of globalization include the economic integration and expansion of capital across borders, the spread of global culture and values, and the development of international political organizations to address global issues. Globalization has led to a more interconnected world with increased economic competition and the growth of multinational corporations operating on a global scale.

1. GLOBALISATION
Dr Anil Bhatt, Assistant Professor ( Sociology)
Dept of Higher Education,

2. What is Globalisation ?
 The term Globalisation was coined by
Theodore Levitt (American economicist and
a Professor in Harvard Business School) in
1983.
 Globalisation is a trend of social change
characterized by De-nationalisation or
National boundaries becoming less relevant.
 It causes interdependence increasingly
leading to free flow of goods, services,
money, people and ideas across borders.

3. Definition
 WHO- Globalisation is the increased
interconnectedness and interdependence of
people and countries including opening of
international borders and fast flow of goods
services, finance, people and ideas.
 Malcom Waters (1993)- It is process in which the
constraints of geography on social and cultural
arrangements recede.
 Anthony Giddens- Globalisation is an
intensification of worldwide social relations linking
distant localities in such a way that local
happenings are shaped by events occurring
miles away and vice-versa. He gave the term
Time- Space Distanciation- meaning stretching of
social relations and system across time and
space.

4. Parameters of Globalisation
Free flow of Goods(reducing
trade barriers)
Create environment for Free
flow of Capital
Free flow of technology
transfer
Free Movement of Labour
between nations

5. Features of Globalisation
 Liberalisation- Flexibility in Industry,
Trade, Commerce. Free exchange of
capitals, goods, services and technology.
Easing the process of government
control and restrictions for smooth and
easy functioning.
 Privatisation- Ownership or management
of private entities to reduce burden or
revive sick units.
 Interdependence
 Increased connectivity
 Standard of living

6. Features continued……….
 Free trade and commerce
 Borderless Globe- It is a concept given by
Japanese author Kenichi Ohmae in his book
The borderless World . International
Business is bypassing national borders.
 Comprehensive Process- Integration of
Nations. Boosts common economic, Political,
cultural & technological ties
 World is a shopping complex (Increased
consumerism). Working men have no
countries (Karl Marx)

7. Features continued………
 Migrant Labour
 Globalisation is plural in nature –(Global Local Nexus)
 Globalised Economy
 Universality
 Integration
 Homogeneity
 Proximity
 Planetary Environment
 Cosmopolitan Culture
 International Tourism
 Global Media- BBC, PTI, Reuters(UK) Press
Information Bureau, TV5 Monde(France)Aljazeera (
London& Qatar)

8. Aspects of Globalisation
Sociological Economical Cultural Political
Integration of
Economic,
cultural, social,
political sphere of
society, Nation,
region or
communities
globally
Expansion of
capital and
investment with
easy
regulations.
International
institutions for
economic
collaborations-
ASEAN, IMF,EU,
UNCTAD etc
Global spread and
integration of
ideas, values,
norms behaviour
and ways of life,
International
organisation
promoting socio-
cultural issues are
WHO,UNEP,
UNESCO.
UNICEF etc
Political tensions in
any part of the
world becomes a
global concern.
Development of
forums of
governance that
operate at the
global scale for
peace and harmony
and the concerned
nations abide by
the regulations, e.g.
UNO, EU, G-7 etc

11.  Mike Featherstone in his book Consumer, Culture
and Post Modernism (1991) agrees on the
globalisation of culture which indicates movement
towards global homogeneous uniform culture.
Examples- Global companies
 Mickey Mouse
 Levi Jeans
 KFC
 Mac Donald
 Coca Cola
Global Issues- Environment Pollution, Tsunami,
COVID-19, Floods, Earthquakes, Sustainable
Development, Gender Issues

13. Key Takeaways………..
 Globalisation is the spread of products
goods, technology , information and jobs
across nations.
 In economic terms, it means interdependence
of nations around the globe fostered through
free trade.
 Developing nations benefit as they tend to be
more cost-effective and attract jobs
 The world becoming increasingly inter-
connected
 Increase in competitiveness of global
capitalism.
 Affects the local collectivistic values of a

14. THANK YOU
DR ANIL BHATT
Assistant Professor
Dept of Sociology