NGOs offer basic education, vocational training, training for self-employment, legal aid, protection for women, self-awareness and work for women development.

1. NGOs And Women
Dr. Anil Bhatt
Dept. of Higher Education
Govt. of Uttarakhand

2. Understanding NGOs
• A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a group that functions independently of any
government with the objective of improving social conditions.
• NGOs are typically non-profit institutions.
• They are sometimes called civil society organizations and are established on community,
national, and international levels to serve a social or political goal such as a humanitarian cause
or the protection of the environment.
• It is registered under the sanction of the government and works for the upliftment of society.
The association has a clear and definite social program or cause, which it supports.

3. What is NGO ?
• According to World Bank- NGOs are private organizations that pursue activities to
relieve suffering, promote the interest of the poor, protect environment, provide basic social
services, or undertake community development.
एनजीओ ननजी संगठन हैं जो पीड़ा दू र करने, गरीबों क
े नहत को बढ़ाव़ा देने, पऱ्ाावरण
की रक्ष़ा करने, बुननऱ्ादी स़ाम़ानजक सेव़ाएं प्रद़ान करने ऱ्ा स़ामुद़ानर्क नवक़ास करने
क
े निए गनतनवनिऱ्ां चि़ाते हैं।
• Turner and Hulme (1997) NGOs are associations formed from within civil society bringing
together individuals who share some common purpose
एनजीओ ऩागररक सम़ाज क
े भीतर से गनठत ऐसे संगठन हैं जो ऐसे व्यक्तिर्ों को एक

4. NGO exist for two broad reasons-
• Internal- They exist because the government cannot deliver high-quality public
services to its citizens, leaving a space for NGOs to step in –
to help people organize and self-develop. लोगोों को सोंगठित होने और आत्म-ठिकास
करने में मदद करना
to make the best use of the community’s human, financial, and natural resources.
समुदाय क
े मानि, ठित्तीय और प्राक
ृ ठतक सोंसाधनोों का सिोत्तम उपयोग करना
• External-
 NGOs exist because donors channel funds to them.

5. Major Thrust Areas of NGOs
Literacy and
Education
Women
Empowerment
Poverty
Environment
Conservation
Health and
Nutrition
Wildlife
Conservatio
n
Social
Injustice

6. Categorization

7. Features of NGO
• Non-profit: NGOs are not-for-profit organizations. They do not engage in commercial activities
to make a profit. Instead, they rely on donations and grants from individuals, corporations, and
governments to fund their activities.
• Advocacy: NGOs engage in advocacy work, where they promote specific causes and try to
influence public policy. They work towards creating awareness among people about various
social issues and advocate for change.
• Voluntary: NGOs rely on volunteers who work for the organization without pay. Volunteers
offer their time, skills, and resources to help the NGO achieve its objectives..
• Humanitarian: NGOs work towards improving the lives of people by providing humanitarian
aid during natural disasters, conflict, and other crises. They provide food, shelter, and medical
assistance to people in need
• Philanthropy-Non-governmental organizations play an important role in international
development, aid, and philanthropy.
• Budget-Many NGOs are non-profit organizations and have annual budgets of up to billions of
dollars. NGOs receive funding from a variety of sources, including private donations and
membership dues.
• Influential-In order to influence public policy, advocacy NGOs work.

8. • गैर-ि़ाभक़ारी: एनजीओ गैर-लाभकारी सोंगिन हैं। िे लाभ कमाने क
े ठलए व्यािसाठयक गठतठिठधयोों में सोंलग्न नहीों होते हैं।
इसक
े बजाय, िे अपनी गठतठिठधयोों क
े ठित्तपोषण क
े ठलए व्यक्तियोों, ठनगमोों और सरकारोों से ठमलने िाले दान और अनुदान पर
ठनभभर रहते हैं।
• वक़ाित: एनजीओ िकालत क
े काम में सोंलग्न हैं, जहाों िे ठिठिष्ट कारणोों को बढािा देते हैं और सािभजठनक नीठत को प्रभाठित
करने का प्रयास करते हैं। िे ठिठभन्न सामाठजक मुद्ोों क
े बारे में लोगोों क
े बीच जागरूकता पैदा करने और बदलाि की िकालत
करने की ठदिा में काम करते हैं।
• स्वैक्तिक: एनजीओ उन स्वयोंसेिकोों पर भरोसा करते हैं जो ठबना िेतन क
े सोंगिन क
े ठलए काम करते हैं। स्वयोंसेिक एनजीओ
को उसक
े उद्ेश्ोों को प्राप्त करने में मदद करने क
े ठलए अपना समय, कौिल और सोंसाधन प्रदान करते हैं।
• म़ानवत़ाव़ादी: एनजीओ प्राक
ृ ठतक आपदाओों, सोंघषभ और अन्य सोंकटोों क
े दौरान मानिीय सहायता प्रदान करक
े लोगोों क
े
जीिन को बेहतर बनाने की ठदिा में काम करते हैं। िे जरूरतमोंद लोगोों को भोजन, आश्रय और ठचठकत्सा सहायता प्रदान
करते हैं
• परोपक़ार- गैर-सरकारी सोंगिन अोंतराभष्टर ीय ठिकास, सहायता और परोपकार में महत्वपूणभ भूठमका ठनभाते हैं।
• बजट-कई एनजीओ गैर-लाभकारी सोंगिन हैं और उनका िाठषभक बजट अरबोों डॉलर तक होता है। गैर-सरकारी सोंगिनोों को
ठनजी दान और सदस्यता बकाया सठहत ठिठभन्न स्रोतोों से धन प्राप्त होता है।
• प्रभ़ावश़ािी- सािभजठनक नीठत को प्रभाठित करने क
े ठलए िकालत करने िाले एनजीओ काम करते हैं।

9. Types of NGOs
Within the two categories of operational and advocacy, NGOs can be divided up even further
based on their specific areas of work.
Here are some of the main types:
• BINGO – A “big international” NGO, such as the Red Cross.
• INGO – An international NGO such as Oxfam.( focusing on the alleviation of global poverty)
• ENGO – An environmental NGO like Greenpeace.
• RINGO – A religious international NGO such as Catholic Relief Services.
• CSO – A civil society organization like Amnesty International.(focus on human rights, with its headquarters in the UK)
• GONGO – A government-organized organization like the International Union for Conservation of Nature.(IUCN)

10. Some NGOs ……
International NGOs
American Red Cross Focusses on Disaster
Services
Founded in May 21, 1881,
Washington, D.C., United
States
CARE International Focusses on poverty, Gender
equality, and injustice
Founded in 1945
Amnesty International focuses on human rights
Founded in 1961 in London,
United Kingdom
Indian NGOs
Goonj  Focusses on Disaster
Relief and community
Development
 Founded: 1999
Help Age India  Focusses on Concern for
Old People.
 Founded in 1978
CRY (Child Rights and You)  Focusses on protecting the
rights of children. End
child Labour and improve
access to education and
healthcare.
 Founded: 1979. Mumbai

11. Women Empowerment and NGOs
• Women’s empowerment” refers to the process of enhancing women’s access to control over the strategic
life decisions that affect them as well as access to the opportunities that allow them to fully realize their
potential.
• It is based on the assumptions that women and men differ from one another in their social positions and
that these differences consist of asymmetric, unequal power relations between the sexes.
• In order to improve women’s quality of life, the process of women’s empowerment as an economic,
political, and sociocultural process challenges the system of sexual stratification that has led to women’s
subjugation and marginalization.
• In order to empower women, NGOs and self-help groups (SHG) offer basic education, vocational
training, training for self-employment, legal aid, protection for women, and self-awareness programmes.

12. Concern Areas of Women for NGOs (मठहलाओों से सोंबोंठधत क्षेत्र)
Cultural and social factors- (स़ांस्क
ृ नतक और स़ाम़ानजक क़ारक)
Gender stereotypes, patriarchy, and regressive practices such as child marriage, discrimination against widows and
female feticide
Women’s health and reproductive rights–(मनहि़ाओं
क़ा स्व़ास्थ्य एवं प्रजनन अनिक़ार)
Maternal health and reducing mortality rates at
childbirth,Safe menstruation
Capacity building and skill
development
(क्षमत़ा ननम़ााण एवं कौशि
नवक़ास)
Support and
counselling
services
(सह़ार्त़ा और
पऱामशा सेव़ाएँ )
Creating awareness and education-
(ज़ागरूकत़ा और नशक्ष़ा क़ा सृजन)
Making society equitable for women.
Violence against
women
(मनहि़ा क
े नवरुद्ध
क्र
ू रत़ा)
Legal implementation and
enforcement-
क़ानूनी क़ाऱ्ाान्वर्न
Help victims of violence
against women fight back and
access their legal rights.

13. Conceptual framework depicting themes of women
empowerment

14. NGO For Women India
• Snehalaya- Dr. Girish Kulkarni started Snehalaya in 1989 in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. Women and children, as well as
LGBT populations, are served by the NGO
• Centre for social research: It was founded in 1983 in New Delhi. Dr. Ranjana Kumari is the Director of the Centre for
Social Research. They are dedicated to creating a violence-free, gender-just society through social research, capacity
building, and advocacy.
• SEWA – Self-Employed Women’s Association was founded in 1972 in Gujarat by civil rights leader Ela Bhatt. The idea
was to bring women from not just textile mill working families but also women from the lower strata of society and give
them a chance to be employed and self-reliant.
• Shikshan Ane Samaj Kalyan Kendra founded in 1980. They want to give women and children a sustainable way of
life by addressing issues of domestic abuse and criminality against women. To create self-help groups and secure a stable
income.
• Acid Survivors and Women Welfare Foundation (formerly Acid Survivors Foundation India) was established in 2010. This
organization works to empower acid attack survivors by providing medical, legal, and rehabilitation support. They also work to
prevent acid attacks by raising awareness about the issue and advocating for stricter laws.

15. NGOs initiatives to support women’s empowerment
Educating and raising awareness among women, particularly those who live in remote areas.
Enhances government efforts to empower women; encourages women to embrace information and communication technology
(ICT) for empowerment;
Develops women’s leadership skills and guarantees their involvement in their empowerment.
Represents the issues rural women confront to the appropriate authorities and evaluates how decisions about women’s policy
will effect them.
Assembles the best resources, plans, and carries out the programmes that are related to the empowerment of women.
 NGOs appear to have a key influence in bringing about radical changes in women’s lifestyles. They are highly successful in
influencing women to develop their independence, drive, and ability to make their own judgments
Recognizing women’s rights as human rights and addressing the intersecting factors that contribute to discrimination and
marginalization is essential. Research has found that women with no access to education face more atrocities

16. • मठहलाओों, ठििेषकर दू र-दराज क
े इलाकोों में रहने िाली मठहलाओों को ठिठक्षत करना और जागरूकता बढाना I
• मठहलाओों को सिि बनाने क
े सरकारी प्रयासोों को बढाता है; मठहलाओों को सििीकरण क
े ठलए सूचना और सोंचार प्रौद्योठगकी (ICT) अपनाने क
े
ठलए प्रोत्साठहत करता हैI
• मठहलाओों क
े नेतृत्व कौिल को ठिकठसत करता है और उनक
े सिक्तिकरण में उनकी भागीदारी की गारोंटी देता है।
• उन मुद्ोों का प्रठतठनठधत्व करता है ठजनका ग्रामीण मठहलाएों उपयुि अठधकाररयोों क
े सामने सामना करती हैं और मूल्ाोंकन करती हैं ठक मठहलाओों
की नीठत क
े बारे में ठनणभय उन पर क
ै से प्रभाि डालेंगे।
• मठहलाओों क
े सिक्तिकरण से सोंबोंठधत सिोत्तम सोंसाधनोों को इकट्ठा करता है, योजनाएों बनाता है और कायभक्रमोों को ठक्रयाक्तित करता है।
• ऐसा प्रतीत होता है ठक मठहलाओों की जीिनिैली में आमूल-चूल पररितभन लाने में गैर-सरकारी सोंगिनोों का महत्वपूणभ प्रभाि है।
• िे मठहलाओों को उनकी स्वतोंत्रता, प्रेरणा और स्वयों ठनणभय लेने की क्षमता ठिकठसत करने क
े ठलए प्रभाठित करने में अत्यठधक सफल हैं
• मठहलाओों क
े अठधकारोों को मानिाठधकार क
े रूप में मान्यता देना और भेदभाि और हाठिये पर धक
े लने में योगदान देने िाले परस्पर ठिरोधी कारकोों
को सोंबोठधत करना आिश्क है।
• िोध में पाया गया है ठक ठजन मठहलाओों की ठिक्षा तक पहोंच नहीों है, उन्हें अठधक अत्याचार का सामना करना पड़ता है I

17. Role of NGOs for Empowerment of Women
• NGOs are doing various bits, as no single NGO can cover the whole gamut of activities required
for comprehensive empowerment
• Education on maternal health, and safe child birth
• Nutrition and child care
• Education of the girl child
• Toilets in schools and public places
• Savings for college education for the girl child (sukanya samriddhi)
• Training in livelihood skills
• Microfinance for small businesses, through SHGs (Self Help Group)
• Shelter for victims of domestic violence and abuse of any kind
• Free legal aid and guidance for victims of abuse (sexual harassment, acid attack, child marriage,
dowry harassment)
• Lobbying for women’s rights

18. • NGO ठिठभन्न कायभ कर रहे हैं, क्ोोंठक कोई भी एक एनजीओ व्यापक सिक्तिकरण क
े ठलए आिश्क गठतठिठधयोों क
े पूरे
दायरे को किर नहीों कर सकता है
• मातृ स्वास्थ्य और सुरठक्षत ठििु जन्म पर ठिक्षा I
• पोषण एिों ठििु देखभालबाठलकाओों की ठिक्षा (लगभग 20% लड़ठकयााँ युिािस्था से पहले स्क
ू ल छोड़ देती हैं)I
• स्क
ू लोों और सािभजठनक स्थानोों पर िौचालयI
• लड़ठकयोों की कॉलेज ठिक्षा क
े ठलए बचत (सुकन्या समृक्ति) II
• आजीठिका कौिल में प्रठिक्षण II
• एसएचजी (स्वयों सहायता समूह) क
े माध्यम से छोटे व्यिसायोों क
े ठलए माइक्रोफाइनेंस I
• घरेलू ठहोंसा और ठकसी भी प्रकार क
े दुव्यभिहार क
े पीठड़तोों क
े ठलए आश्रय II
• दुव्यभिहार (यौन उत्पीड़न, एठसड हमला, बाल ठििाह, दहेज उत्पीड़न) क
े पीठड़तोों क
े ठलए मुफ्त कानूनी सहायता और
मागभदिभन II
• मठहलाओों क
े अठधकारोों की पैरिी II

19. NGOs In Uttarakhand
• Purkal Youth Development Society- founded in 2003 by P N Narayanswamy. It operates a care center for economically
disadvantaged rural kids, and everything is provided free of cost. The NGO program provides these kids with long years
of care and helps them generate possibilities through excellence in education. This is how they break out of the poverty to
which their families are condemned.
• Sanjeevani NGO- It was established in 2000 in Almora District by Mahesh Ghughtyal and seven social workers and
comprised an energetic group of newly qualified It is a nonprofit, voluntary organization and rural development to
eliminate unemployment, poverty, poor health, and illiteracy.
• Suvidha-The NGO, abbreviated as Society for the Upliftment of Villagers & Development of Himalayan Areas, is a
nonprofit, rural development and voluntary organization established in the year 2004 by Deepak Pandey at Haldwani. The
area of work includes- field of Agriculture, Rural Development, Women Empowerment.
• Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra (RLEK) is an NGO founded in the 1970s by Padma Shri Avdhash
Kaushal that works for the benefit of downtrodden and marginalized communities in the areas of Jaunsar-Bawar a
predominantly tribal belt of Dehradun district .
RLEK initiatives have led to the promulgation of: -
 Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976;
 Environment Protection Act, 1986;
 Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1988.

20. Glimpses of NGOs in Uttarakhand

21. A non-governmental organization, or NGO, typically is established to work toward public or
social welfare goals.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) seek to improve social and political problems locally,
nationally, or internationally. They work outside the frame of the government, are usually not-
for-profit, and can obtain tax-exempt status if they meet certain criteria
NGOs can be formed by any group of people that wants to carry out missions in the public
interest. They can have staff and budgets. NGOs can operate internationally.
 They rely on donations, grants, and membership dues for funding.
 NGO stands for non-governmental organization. NPO stands for non-profit organization.
A non-profit organization returns any profits it makes to the organization to pay expenses and
salaries and further its goals. It doesn't pay out profits to shareholders or owners. It isn't a
business that exists to make a profit.
Some NGOs may be NPOs. Not all NPOs are NGOs.

22. THANK YOU