Globalisation
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Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of ideas, culture, and trade enabled by advances in transportation and communication infrastructure. Hollywood films dominate global box offices, representing over half of sales in major markets, suggesting a convergence of popular tastes internationally. However, globalization also presents new challenges to Hollywood's dominance. British cinema has arguably represented the political and economic impacts of globalization better than other national cinemas through films addressing issues like de-regulation, economic liberalization, migration, diaspora, and changing cultural identities in Britain. Independent British films have covered these topics despite limited industry support for distribution and promotion. Representations of ethnicity in British films often relate to pre-globalization immigration, while more recent
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媒体市场中的地区化和本土化
The document discusses regionalization and localization in the media market. It provides examples of how print journalism, advertising, and pop music have increasingly regionalized. While globalization has homogenized media in some ways, the document argues that regionalization and localization of content has also increased to better suit local audiences culturally and commercially. The uncertainties around this trend are also examined through a case study of Rupert Murdoch's investments and operations in China.
The jazzage
The Jazz Age of the 1920s saw major cultural and social changes in American society. Young people embraced new styles of dress, music, and greater personal freedom than previous generations. At the same time, religious fundamentalism opposed these changes and sought to preserve traditional values. Economically, lower taxes and new industries like automobiles spurred widespread prosperity, though some groups faced exclusion and hardship. Mass production using assembly lines boosted supplies and reduced costs of goods, fueling a new consumer society.
The Red Summer 1919
The document summarizes the Red Summer of 1919, when over 20 race riots broke out across many American cities. It describes the major causes of the riots as tensions between white and black communities over jobs and housing amid the Great Migration and post-WWI demobilization. It also notes that the worst violence occurred in Chicago, where a riot began after African Americans were prevented from accessing a whites-only beach, leading to days of clashes between white and black neighborhoods in which 38 people were killed and over 500 injured.
20s return to normalcy upload
The 1920s, also known as the "Jazz Age" or "Roaring Twenties", was a decade of social and cultural change in the United States. Consumerism flourished with the rise of mass production, advertising, and credit, which fueled economic growth. New technologies like automobiles, radio, and movies contributed to the development of a mass culture. However, social tensions remained over issues like prohibition, immigration restrictions, religious fundamentalism challenging evolution, and racial tensions exemplified by the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan. Politically, Republican administrations of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover pursued business-friendly policies emphasizing lower taxes, reduced government spending, and protectionist tariffs.
The Roaring Twenties
The Roaring Twenties was a decade of economic prosperity and mass production in the United States following World War I. New industries like automobiles and radios grew rapidly due to affordable mass production. However, the passage of Prohibition led to the rise of bootleggers and speakeasies, and many Americans took on debt they could not repay, foreshadowing the Great Depression. Politically, the era was dominated by Republican presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Socially, lifestyles became more urban and focused on leisure, though traditional rural values still held sway for many Americans.
Red Summer 1919
The document summarizes the Red Summer of 1919, when over 20 race riots broke out across many American cities. It describes the major causes of the riots as racial tensions arising from the Great Migration, which drastically increased the African American populations in northern cities. As African Americans competed with whites for jobs and housing, resentment grew. The worst violence occurred in Chicago, where a riot began after African Americans were barred from a whites-only beach and a teenage boy drowned after being attacked near the beach. Over several days, 38 people were killed and hundreds injured in clashes between white and black neighborhoods in Chicago.
The Roaring Twenties
The Roaring Twenties was a decade of economic prosperity and mass production in the United States following World War I. New industries like automobiles and radios grew rapidly due to innovations in mass production, while prohibition led to the rise of bootleggers and speakeasies. Socially, the era saw both traditional and modern values as lifestyles like that of the "flappers" challenged social norms, though most women still faced restrictions. Politically, the nation was led by three successive Republican presidents between 1920-1930 amidst social tensions over civil liberties from the Red Scare and rise of the Ku Klux Klan.
1920s Intro 07
The document discusses the tensions in 1920s American society between traditional and modern values. Older, rural Americans clung to fundamentalism and nativism while younger, urban Americans embraced new social freedoms and consumer culture. This tension manifested through conflicts over issues like religion and science education, Prohibition, and immigration restrictions. The Scopes Trial highlighted the divide between those who wanted to modernize education and those who fought to maintain traditional religious teachings.
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媒体市场中的地区化和本土化
The document discusses regionalization and localization in the media market. It provides examples of how print journalism, advertising, and pop music have increasingly regionalized. While globalization has homogenized media in some ways, the document argues that regionalization and localization of content has also increased to better suit local audiences culturally and commercially. The uncertainties around this trend are also examined through a case study of Rupert Murdoch's investments and operations in China.
The jazzage
The Jazz Age of the 1920s saw major cultural and social changes in American society. Young people embraced new styles of dress, music, and greater personal freedom than previous generations. At the same time, religious fundamentalism opposed these changes and sought to preserve traditional values. Economically, lower taxes and new industries like automobiles spurred widespread prosperity, though some groups faced exclusion and hardship. Mass production using assembly lines boosted supplies and reduced costs of goods, fueling a new consumer society.
The Red Summer 1919
The document summarizes the Red Summer of 1919, when over 20 race riots broke out across many American cities. It describes the major causes of the riots as tensions between white and black communities over jobs and housing amid the Great Migration and post-WWI demobilization. It also notes that the worst violence occurred in Chicago, where a riot began after African Americans were prevented from accessing a whites-only beach, leading to days of clashes between white and black neighborhoods in which 38 people were killed and over 500 injured.
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The 1920s, also known as the "Jazz Age" or "Roaring Twenties", was a decade of social and cultural change in the United States. Consumerism flourished with the rise of mass production, advertising, and credit, which fueled economic growth. New technologies like automobiles, radio, and movies contributed to the development of a mass culture. However, social tensions remained over issues like prohibition, immigration restrictions, religious fundamentalism challenging evolution, and racial tensions exemplified by the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan. Politically, Republican administrations of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover pursued business-friendly policies emphasizing lower taxes, reduced government spending, and protectionist tariffs.
The Roaring Twenties
The Roaring Twenties was a decade of economic prosperity and mass production in the United States following World War I. New industries like automobiles and radios grew rapidly due to affordable mass production. However, the passage of Prohibition led to the rise of bootleggers and speakeasies, and many Americans took on debt they could not repay, foreshadowing the Great Depression. Politically, the era was dominated by Republican presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Socially, lifestyles became more urban and focused on leisure, though traditional rural values still held sway for many Americans.
Red Summer 1919
The document summarizes the Red Summer of 1919, when over 20 race riots broke out across many American cities. It describes the major causes of the riots as racial tensions arising from the Great Migration, which drastically increased the African American populations in northern cities. As African Americans competed with whites for jobs and housing, resentment grew. The worst violence occurred in Chicago, where a riot began after African Americans were barred from a whites-only beach and a teenage boy drowned after being attacked near the beach. Over several days, 38 people were killed and hundreds injured in clashes between white and black neighborhoods in Chicago.
The Roaring Twenties
The Roaring Twenties was a decade of economic prosperity and mass production in the United States following World War I. New industries like automobiles and radios grew rapidly due to innovations in mass production, while prohibition led to the rise of bootleggers and speakeasies. Socially, the era saw both traditional and modern values as lifestyles like that of the "flappers" challenged social norms, though most women still faced restrictions. Politically, the nation was led by three successive Republican presidents between 1920-1930 amidst social tensions over civil liberties from the Red Scare and rise of the Ku Klux Klan.
1920s Intro 07
The document discusses the tensions in 1920s American society between traditional and modern values. Older, rural Americans clung to fundamentalism and nativism while younger, urban Americans embraced new social freedoms and consumer culture. This tension manifested through conflicts over issues like religion and science education, Prohibition, and immigration restrictions. The Scopes Trial highlighted the divide between those who wanted to modernize education and those who fought to maintain traditional religious teachings.
The roaring twenties
The 1920s in America, also known as the "Roaring Twenties", saw a period of economic prosperity and social change. New technologies like cars, appliances, and radios became widely available to consumers, fueling economic growth. However, prosperity was uneven, with farmers struggling. Socially, the era saw cultural changes like women gaining the right to vote and flappers rebelling against traditional gender roles. The Harlem Renaissance flourished as a period of black artistic achievement. The era ended with the stock market crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression.
The Roaring Twenties (1920s)
The Roaring Twenties saw a period of economic prosperity in the United States following World War 1. New industries like cars and radio grew thanks to mass production, which made goods more affordable and accessible to common people. However, this rise in consumerism and easy credit led many to take on debts they could not repay, contributing to the Great Depression. Lifestyles also became more modern and focused on leisure, as flappers rejected traditional standards and speakeasies sold illegal liquor despite Prohibition.
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Hollywood has become the most influential film industry globally due to economic, cultural, social, and political factors. After World War 2, Hollywood secured early governmental support and over 35% of its profits came from overseas markets. By the 1980s-1990s, overseas markets greatly expanded due to improved theaters, broadcasting deregulation, and cable/satellite growth. Hollywood also effectively internationalized after WWII with over 50% of revenues from abroad. Dubbing films accelerated foreign consumption. Culturally, Hollywood provided a window into American social life and became part of socialization worldwide through popular films and TV shows. Politically, the global spread of English and internet increased Hollywood's international reach and cultural influence.
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The document provides an overview of life in the United States during the 1920s through photographs and captions. It describes the postwar prosperity experienced by many living in northern cities, the rise of new industries like automobile manufacturing, cultural changes like shorter flapper skirts and the popularity of jazz music. It also notes some social problems of the era like prohibition of alcohol and the rise of organized crime figures supplying illegal liquor.
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The document discusses whether "The Roaring Twenties" accurately describes life in the United States during the 1920s. It analyzes aspects of entertainment, racism by the Ku Klux Klan, and Prohibition and organized crime. New forms of entertainment like flappers, jazz music, and movies emerged. The KKK targeted non-white groups and Prohibition led to a boom in speakeasies, bootlegging, and gangsters like Al Capone who profited from illegal alcohol.
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Gangsters made huge profits during Prohibition by smuggling alcohol into the United States through bootlegging and rum-running. Famous gangsters like Al Capone in Chicago and Nucky Johnson in Atlantic City became powerful through illegally supplying alcohol and other illegal activities. While gangsters broke the law, they were often popular within their communities for helping ordinary citizens and gaining political power and influence that allowed their criminal operations to continue.
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During the Roaring 20s, women gained more independence by wearing shorter skirts and cutting their hair shorter, earning them the name "flappers". Automobiles became widely available and impacted society by enabling travel and the growth of new industries. In 1922, Howard Carter discovered King Tutankhamun's intact tomb in Egypt, untouched for over 3,000 years. Babe Ruth helped popularize baseball during this era by breaking home run records. Al Capone was responsible for the 1929 St. Valentine's Day Massacre between rival Chicago gangs. Charles Lindbergh made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic in 1927, changing perceptions about air travel.
The Great Gatsby- the Roaring Twenties
The 1920s in America saw a period of economic prosperity and cultural change known as the "Roaring Twenties". New technologies like radio and automobiles fueled economic growth and mass consumption. Prohibition led to a rise in organized crime and speakeasies. Society became more liberal as moral and sexual restrictions loosened, exemplified by the flapper woman and jazz music. However, this exuberant decade was brought to an abrupt end by the stock market crash of 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression.
Culture and society (1)
This document lists key events and cultural developments from 1900-1939 in the United States. Some highlights include: the Wright Brothers' first flight in 1903; Henry Ford producing the Model T in 1908; the sinking of the Titanic in 1912; America's involvement in World War I from 1914-1918; the stock market crash of 1929 that led to the Great Depression; and the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt as president in 1932 and his introduction of major social programs to provide relief during the economic crisis. Overall, the document outlines some of the major technological innovations, political events, and social/cultural changes that occurred during the first four decades of the 20th century in America.
Roaring 20s Overview
The Roaring 20s brought cultural advancement, economic growth, and technological breakthroughs. Entertainment expanded with the rise of radio, movies, and sports. However, Prohibition in the US from 1920 to 1933 resulted in the growth of organized crime as gangsters smuggled alcohol and controlled speakeasies. Figures like Al Capone built powerful criminal empires before the law was finally repealed due to its harmful unintended consequences.
Mkayele freemn the roaringtwenties powerpoint
Prohibition in the United States banned the sale and transportation of alcohol nationwide from 1920 to 1933. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution established Prohibition, while the Volstead Act defined prohibited beverages and enforcement. Private alcohol ownership was still allowed in some areas, though local laws varied. Prohibition ended in 1933 with the ratification of the 21st Amendment, which repealed the 18th Amendment. During the 1920s, Americans spent extra money on consumer goods like radios and automobiles, most notably the affordable Ford Model T. However, social tensions rose from the Great Migration of African Americans to northern cities, the spread of black culture, and the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in response to changing social
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The Great Gatsby Context
This document provides context about The Great Gatsby and discusses several key themes in the novel, including Prohibition, cars, materialism, and the economic boom and bust of the 1920s. It notes that Prohibition led to a rise in illegal alcohol and gangster culture, which Fitzgerald depicts through Gatsby's involvement in bootlegging. Cars are presented as symbols of wealth, status, and the American Dream, though they also enable carelessness and Gatsby's downfall. The economic boom of the 1920s is described, fueled by mass production and consumerism, but this ended with the stock market crash of 1929.
the roaring 20s
The 1920s, known as the "Roaring 20s", saw many cultural and political changes in America. Women gained the right to vote with the 19th amendment in 1920. Prohibition began in 1920 by banning alcohol but led to speakeasies and bootlegging. Americans embraced conspicuous consumption, buying new products like cars and radios using credit. Politically, Warren G. Harding was elected president in 1920 but his presidency was marked by scandals, and he died in 1923 being replaced by Calvin Coolidge. Culturally, the decade saw the rise of jazz music, the Harlem Renaissance, flappers, new slang, movies, radio and widespread interest in sports.
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The document discusses consumption patterns in the Caribbean region. It notes that since 1492, the Caribbean has had economic and trade relationships dominated by imperial powers like Britain and more recently the US. This began under mercantilist policies where the colonies could only trade with Britain and import British manufactured goods. While independence changed political relationships, trade patterns did not significantly change and the Caribbean remains reliant on imports. Various strategies have attempted to encourage local production and reduce dependency, but Western products are still widely regarded as superior and modern. Factors like social prestige from brands and feeling the US is the center of the world continue to shape Caribbean consumption patterns and dependency on external countries.
New york citypower point 141
1. In the 1830s, many people poured into Manhattan looking for work and New York City transformed from a traditional city into mainly a business district with no homes. By the Civil War, New York had become the largest industrial city.
2. In 1863, draft riots broke out as working class men resented that the wealthy could buy their way out of conscription. Over several days, riots caused at least 2000 injuries and 120 civilian deaths.
3. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, New York City was hit hard with massive unemployment and homelessness as thousands were evicted from their homes and lived in improvised camps. Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia worked to rebuild the city through public works programs
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- Urbanization accelerated and more Americans lived in cities, with New York and Chicago seeing large populations.
- Prohibition sparked debate between rural and urban areas and led to the growth of organized crime.
- Women gained new freedoms but still faced discrimination, and birth rates declined with new access to contraception.
- Developments in media, entertainment, arts, and sports captured the nation's attention in the "Roaring Twenties".
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The roaring twenties
The 1920s in America, also known as the "Roaring Twenties", saw a period of economic prosperity and social change. New technologies like cars, appliances, and radios became widely available to consumers, fueling economic growth. However, prosperity was uneven, with farmers struggling. Socially, the era saw cultural changes like women gaining the right to vote and flappers rebelling against traditional gender roles. The Harlem Renaissance flourished as a period of black artistic achievement. The era ended with the stock market crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression.
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The Roaring Twenties saw a period of economic prosperity in the United States following World War 1. New industries like cars and radio grew thanks to mass production, which made goods more affordable and accessible to common people. However, this rise in consumerism and easy credit led many to take on debts they could not repay, contributing to the Great Depression. Lifestyles also became more modern and focused on leisure, as flappers rejected traditional standards and speakeasies sold illegal liquor despite Prohibition.
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Hollywood has become the most influential film industry globally due to economic, cultural, social, and political factors. After World War 2, Hollywood secured early governmental support and over 35% of its profits came from overseas markets. By the 1980s-1990s, overseas markets greatly expanded due to improved theaters, broadcasting deregulation, and cable/satellite growth. Hollywood also effectively internationalized after WWII with over 50% of revenues from abroad. Dubbing films accelerated foreign consumption. Culturally, Hollywood provided a window into American social life and became part of socialization worldwide through popular films and TV shows. Politically, the global spread of English and internet increased Hollywood's international reach and cultural influence.
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Prohibition in the 1920s was a failure for three main reasons: 1) Drinking continued despite being illegal as liquor was still available through underground means like speakeasies and bootlegging; 2) It criminalized ordinary citizens who wanted to drink and made the available alcohol dangerous; 3) The large profits from illegal alcohol sales empowered gangsters and organized crime like Al Capone in Chicago. Prohibition ended in 1933 when FDR took office and repealed it.
The 1920s and 30s
The document provides an overview of life in the United States during the 1920s through photographs and captions. It describes the postwar prosperity experienced by many living in northern cities, the rise of new industries like automobile manufacturing, cultural changes like shorter flapper skirts and the popularity of jazz music. It also notes some social problems of the era like prohibition of alcohol and the rise of organized crime figures supplying illegal liquor.
The Roaring Twenties
The document discusses whether "The Roaring Twenties" accurately describes life in the United States during the 1920s. It analyzes aspects of entertainment, racism by the Ku Klux Klan, and Prohibition and organized crime. New forms of entertainment like flappers, jazz music, and movies emerged. The KKK targeted non-white groups and Prohibition led to a boom in speakeasies, bootlegging, and gangsters like Al Capone who profited from illegal alcohol.
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The bearded hipster trend began in early 2013, started by hipsters around the world who saw beards as a fashionable and edgy look. The trend grew rapidly and was adopted by celebrities. Beards used to indicate anti-style but became popular as hipsters rejected razors and embraced stubble. The rise of beards says much about contemporary masculinity as men yearned for a simpler pastoral life in response to events like 9/11 and the economic downturn. Cultural commentators believe the beard trend was also a reaction to women's growing economic power and a way for men to reassert their masculinity.
Gangsters and Bootleggers in the 1920s
Gangsters made huge profits during Prohibition by smuggling alcohol into the United States through bootlegging and rum-running. Famous gangsters like Al Capone in Chicago and Nucky Johnson in Atlantic City became powerful through illegally supplying alcohol and other illegal activities. While gangsters broke the law, they were often popular within their communities for helping ordinary citizens and gaining political power and influence that allowed their criminal operations to continue.
The roaring 20’s
During the Roaring 20s, women gained more independence by wearing shorter skirts and cutting their hair shorter, earning them the name "flappers". Automobiles became widely available and impacted society by enabling travel and the growth of new industries. In 1922, Howard Carter discovered King Tutankhamun's intact tomb in Egypt, untouched for over 3,000 years. Babe Ruth helped popularize baseball during this era by breaking home run records. Al Capone was responsible for the 1929 St. Valentine's Day Massacre between rival Chicago gangs. Charles Lindbergh made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic in 1927, changing perceptions about air travel.
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The 1920s in America saw a period of economic prosperity and cultural change known as the "Roaring Twenties". New technologies like radio and automobiles fueled economic growth and mass consumption. Prohibition led to a rise in organized crime and speakeasies. Society became more liberal as moral and sexual restrictions loosened, exemplified by the flapper woman and jazz music. However, this exuberant decade was brought to an abrupt end by the stock market crash of 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression.
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This document lists key events and cultural developments from 1900-1939 in the United States. Some highlights include: the Wright Brothers' first flight in 1903; Henry Ford producing the Model T in 1908; the sinking of the Titanic in 1912; America's involvement in World War I from 1914-1918; the stock market crash of 1929 that led to the Great Depression; and the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt as president in 1932 and his introduction of major social programs to provide relief during the economic crisis. Overall, the document outlines some of the major technological innovations, political events, and social/cultural changes that occurred during the first four decades of the 20th century in America.
Roaring 20s Overview
The Roaring 20s brought cultural advancement, economic growth, and technological breakthroughs. Entertainment expanded with the rise of radio, movies, and sports. However, Prohibition in the US from 1920 to 1933 resulted in the growth of organized crime as gangsters smuggled alcohol and controlled speakeasies. Figures like Al Capone built powerful criminal empires before the law was finally repealed due to its harmful unintended consequences.
Mkayele freemn the roaringtwenties powerpoint
Prohibition in the United States banned the sale and transportation of alcohol nationwide from 1920 to 1933. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution established Prohibition, while the Volstead Act defined prohibited beverages and enforcement. Private alcohol ownership was still allowed in some areas, though local laws varied. Prohibition ended in 1933 with the ratification of the 21st Amendment, which repealed the 18th Amendment. During the 1920s, Americans spent extra money on consumer goods like radios and automobiles, most notably the affordable Ford Model T. However, social tensions rose from the Great Migration of African Americans to northern cities, the spread of black culture, and the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in response to changing social
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The Great Gatsby Context
This document provides context about The Great Gatsby and discusses several key themes in the novel, including Prohibition, cars, materialism, and the economic boom and bust of the 1920s. It notes that Prohibition led to a rise in illegal alcohol and gangster culture, which Fitzgerald depicts through Gatsby's involvement in bootlegging. Cars are presented as symbols of wealth, status, and the American Dream, though they also enable carelessness and Gatsby's downfall. The economic boom of the 1920s is described, fueled by mass production and consumerism, but this ended with the stock market crash of 1929.
the roaring 20s
The 1920s, known as the "Roaring 20s", saw many cultural and political changes in America. Women gained the right to vote with the 19th amendment in 1920. Prohibition began in 1920 by banning alcohol but led to speakeasies and bootlegging. Americans embraced conspicuous consumption, buying new products like cars and radios using credit. Politically, Warren G. Harding was elected president in 1920 but his presidency was marked by scandals, and he died in 1923 being replaced by Calvin Coolidge. Culturally, the decade saw the rise of jazz music, the Harlem Renaissance, flappers, new slang, movies, radio and widespread interest in sports.
Consumption patterns
The document discusses consumption patterns in the Caribbean region. It notes that since 1492, the Caribbean has had economic and trade relationships dominated by imperial powers like Britain and more recently the US. This began under mercantilist policies where the colonies could only trade with Britain and import British manufactured goods. While independence changed political relationships, trade patterns did not significantly change and the Caribbean remains reliant on imports. Various strategies have attempted to encourage local production and reduce dependency, but Western products are still widely regarded as superior and modern. Factors like social prestige from brands and feeling the US is the center of the world continue to shape Caribbean consumption patterns and dependency on external countries.
New york citypower point 141
1. In the 1830s, many people poured into Manhattan looking for work and New York City transformed from a traditional city into mainly a business district with no homes. By the Civil War, New York had become the largest industrial city.
2. In 1863, draft riots broke out as working class men resented that the wealthy could buy their way out of conscription. Over several days, riots caused at least 2000 injuries and 120 civilian deaths.
3. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, New York City was hit hard with massive unemployment and homelessness as thousands were evicted from their homes and lived in improvised camps. Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia worked to rebuild the city through public works programs
The roaring twenties in america
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. Some key points covered include:
- The era was defined by industrial growth, consumer demand, and changes in lifestyle from 1918-1929.
- Urbanization accelerated and more Americans lived in cities, with New York and Chicago seeing large populations.
- Prohibition sparked debate between rural and urban areas and led to the growth of organized crime.
- Women gained new freedoms but still faced discrimination, and birth rates declined with new access to contraception.
- Developments in media, entertainment, arts, and sports captured the nation's attention in the "Roaring Twenties".
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4) Ambient sounds establish locations, and sound bridges/motifs condition emotional responses to characters, settings or ideas.
Film language 3- Mis en scene
The document discusses several elements of mise-en-scène that are important in establishing the tone and style of opening film sequences, including lighting, color balance, costumes, makeup, set design, and acting. Specifically, it notes that lighting is crucial to make film replicate what the human eye sees and must be adjusted shot by shot. It also discusses how color balance, costumes, props, and makeup can be used to convey time periods, characters, and settings to immerse the audience. Set design aims to provide visual elements that support the narrative, while acting styles range from realistic portrayals to challenging Hollywood conventions.
Edu 6450 final presentation
This document discusses the impact of globalization on the African diaspora in the Caribbean. It describes how globalization has historically disadvantaged people of African descent through processes like the slave trade and more recently through limited access to education and healthcare. However, education is seen as a way to fight poverty and take advantage of opportunities in a globalized world. The document also examines contemporary issues like the emigration of skilled workers and crime that developing countries face with modern globalization.
Regional identity representations in british tv drama
The document discusses regional identity in TV drama. It defines regional identity as the stereotypes used to represent different regions of England, such as the North being depicted as rough and the South as middle-class. It gives the example of the TV show Heartbeat, which portrayed Yorkshire using stereotypes like rural landscapes and old-fashioned values. Regional identity relies on stereotypes developed by London media companies and helps audiences interpret characters and settings.
71'
As part of my AS media course we were to research low budget film companies and their production work. '71 is an example of 'Warp Film' , that I went to watch at the picture Ville cinema Bradford.
Semiology and media language
Semiology is the study of signs and sign processes. Media language refers to the codes and conventions used in various forms of media to convey meaning. This document appears to be about the relationship between semiology and how meaning is constructed and communicated through different media forms using established codes and systems of representation.
The theory of everything
The film The Theory of Everything tells the true story of renowned physicist Stephen Hawking and his relationship with his first wife, Jane Wilde Hawking. It depicts Hawking's diagnosis with ALS at a young age, how he overcame the disease and became one of the most famous scientists in the world, and the strain it put on his marriage to Jane. The film received critical acclaim for its performances by Eddie Redmayne as Hawking and Felicity Jones as Jane, with Redmayne winning an Oscar for his portrayal. It was a commercial success, earning over $125 million worldwide.
Diaspora
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in diaspora literature. It begins by defining diaspora as the displacement of a community into a new geographical and cultural region. It then discusses two main moves in diasporic writing: the spatial move involving de-territorialization and re-territorialization, and the temporal move of looking back to the past and forward to the future. Several diasporic authors and their works are listed. The features of diasporic culture include themes of memory, alienation in the new society, and connection to the homeland. Three overarching themes are identified: nostalgia and imaginary homelands, hybrid identities, and globalization. Examples from authors Margaret Atwood
G322 Case Study - Working Title and The Boat That Rocked
Based on the presentation available elsewhere on slideshare. I'd recommend you check that one out too...
G322 case study working title Case Stu
This document provides an overview of the British film production company Working Title Films. It discusses how Working Title Films was founded in 1984 and began as a small, independent production company co-producing films with Channel 4. It achieved success with films like My Beautiful Laundrette (1985) but struggled financially. Working Title then began pursuing co-productions with American studios like Universal to gain financial stability and access to international markets. This template of British films with American stars became Working Title's model and led to massive commercial hits like Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). However, not all of Working Title's films are successful and some have lost money. The document examines both the successes and failures of Working Title's approach over the
The Causes and Effects of Globalisation
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of economies and societies around the world through trade and information sharing. There are three main types - economic, social, and political. Key drivers of globalization include improved communications like the internet, improved transportation infrastructure, free trade agreements, global banking, and the growth of multinational corporations. The effects of globalization include a changed global food supply, increased outsourcing and less job security in some countries, potential environmental damage from increased trade and transport, homogenization of cultures, and a rise in anti-globalization protests.
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Similar to Globalisation
Globalisation in media
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnection of countries through trade, communication and culture. Advances in transportation and telecommunication infrastructure, particularly the internet, have facilitated the globalization process. Globalization in the film industry has led Hollywood films to dominate box offices worldwide, though some local film industries have persisted. However, critics argue that globalization does not necessarily lead to complete cultural homogenization, as local audiences interpret foreign media through the lens of their own culture.
Globalisation
Globalization has increased dramatically over the last half century due to vastly increased international trade and cultural exchange. It has led companies to operate on a global scale and made economies more interdependent. American film studios have particularly benefited from globalization, earning more than half their box office revenues from outside North America. However, British film companies face challenges in achieving success internationally, as their films need to appeal to American audiences to find a large market. One strategy for British studios is to partner with major American distributors like Universal to gain access to overseas distribution networks.
Globalization
Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies around the world through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and ideas. It involves several dimensions including economic, technological, sociocultural and political. The document discusses the various definitions, types, advantages and disadvantages of globalization. While globalization has increased trade and growth opportunities, it has also been criticized for exacerbating inequality and unemployment, undermining local cultures and weakening the control of national governments. The impact of globalization on development has been mixed, with both benefits and challenges that need to be addressed.
Globalisation in film
Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness between countries through international trade and cultural exchange. It has increased rapidly in the last 50 years as improvements in technology and transportation have lowered barriers to trade. Major companies have expanded internationally and become multinational corporations, and goods and services are increasingly produced on a global scale for international markets. Hollywood films in particular have found success globally, and now represent over half of box office receipts in many major international markets, showing the convergence of popular tastes internationally, though against a backdrop of some local cultural differences remaining.
Globa Media Cultures
Global media allows information to be shared worldwide through channels like regionalization and glocal production. Regionalization links countries by commonalities while glocal production adapts global concepts locally. Cultural proximity, the preference for media in one's own language and culture, still constrains globalization. Major global media players include news wire services, radio, music, film, television, and the internet, though wealthier countries import less and export more globally. While global media bridges divides, it can also spread inappropriate content or ideas and alter cultures, so media literacy is important.
A2 media ms4 music industry and globalisation
Globalization has increased interconnectivity through greater trade and cultural exchange. This has impacted the music industry by allowing producers to reach global audiences through converged media technologies. While this gives producers more power and audiences access to diverse content, it also enables cultural imperialism as Western/American values are disproportionately spread. The digital revolution accelerated globalization by making music files portable across many devices and services. Major record labels now have international offices, helping artists globally but homogenizing cultures.
14 Anthony Giddens will be more affected by the reach of .docx
14 Anthony Giddens
will be more affected by the reach of "americanization." Why might this be? Do
you agree with him? How does this fit with the insistence of groups
themselves Italian-Americans. Polish-Americans. Mexican-Americans, etc.?
3. There is a very conscious decision not to capitalize the term "americaniza
tion" in this essay. Why do you think that is? Does it bother you that the
lowercase is used? What point might the author be making?
4. This essay refers to the Dallas effect and to international coverage of the
O. J. Simpson trial. Use international sources to investigate differences
between how the series Dallas was viewed in the United States compared to
how it was seen in other parts of the world. What did the O. J. Simpson trial
mean to international viewers who may not have been aware of Simpson as
a football player?
Globalization
ANTHONY GIDDENS
Anthony Giddens was the director of the London School of
Economics from 1997 to 2003. He was born in London in 1938 and
was educated at the University of Hull, and Cambridge
University. His work has helped to form what is known as the "third
way" in politics, something that has influenced a number of world
leaders, including Prime Minister Tony Blair of the United Kingdom
and President Bill Clinton ofthe United States. The Reith Lectures are
delivered each year by a chosen speaker and are funded by a legacy
from Lord Reith, the first Director General ofthe British Broadcasting
Corporation. Professor Giddens was the speaker in 1999. In this, his
first lecture of the series, he explores what globalization is and how it
affects nation-states, the economic environment, and established
institutions. In the course of the lecture he also assesses America's
role as the sole superpower with the new system ofglobalization.
-----+----
Afriend of mine studies village life in central Africa. A few years ago, she paid her first visit to a remote area where she was to
carry out her fieldwork. The evening she got there, she was invited
to a local home for an evening's entertainment. She expected to
find out about the traditional pastimes of this isolated commu
nity. Instead, the evening turned out to be a viewing of Basic
Globalization 15
Instinct on video. The film at that point hadn't even reached the
cinemas in London.
Such vignettes reveal something about our world. And what
they reveal isn't trivial. It isn't just a matter of people adding
modern paraphernalia-videos, TVs, personal computers and
so forth-to their traditional ways of life. We live in a world of
transformations, affecting almost every aspect of what we do. For
better or worse, we are being propelled into a global order that no
one fully understands, but which is making its effects felt upon
all of us.
Globalization is the main theme of my lecture tonight and
of the lectures as a whole. The term may not be-it isn't-a partic
ularlyattractive or elegant one. But absolute.
A World of Ideas Cultures of Globalization
This document discusses several topics related to globalization and religion. It explains that globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of all the world's people into a single social unit. As religions become more globalized, they may transform from being closely tied to individual nations and cultures to taking on free competition on a global scale. Media globalization has helped spread globalization since World War II through organizations promoting international investment. Researchers have observed various effects of media globalization on religion and culture, some of which are open to interpretation while others are more widely agreed upon. Global cities are centers of innovation that share characteristics of connectedness and experiences with globalization but also face challenges from rising inequality.
Media globalization through localization
The document discusses media globalization and localization as concurrent phenomena. While globalization allows for widespread distribution of media through technologies like satellite television and the internet, localization emphasizes that people still consume media within a context of local culture and identity. The document also analyzes different perspectives on globalization, from those who see it as inevitable to those who believe its impacts can be transformed through local and national influences.
British Culture And Society
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British Culture and Society
r
PREPARATIONS FOR BRITISH CULTURE AND SOCIETY
1. The features of the United Kingdom s culture
The culture of the United Kingdom is rich and varied, and has been influential on culture on a worldwide scale.
It is a European state, and has many cultural links with its former colonies, particularly those that use the English language. The origins of the UK as a political union of formerly independent states has resulted in the preservation of distinctive cultures in each of the home nations.
Britain s culture and creativity is flourishing as never before, whether in creative industries such as advertising, music and film, or in the visual and performing arts.
Like the US, Britain is proud of its multicultural heritage and diversity....show more content...Highways in Commonwealth countries generally begin with a N for national (e.g. N3) meaning they traverse the entire country or M for motorway (e.g. M25) meaning they traverse only through or around a city (the M25 is a circular highway around London). Or R for route.
There is a very good reason behind the highway marking system in the USA. Highways marked US (i.e. the famous US 66), the lower numbers start in the northeast and get higher as they move southwest. However, for highways marked Interstate (such as I 75 going from Michigan to Florida), lower numbers start in the southwest, with road numbers getting higher as they go to the northwest. This was to help prevent confusion and overlapping numbering, as the Interstate highway system was created after many US ## highways had been created
4. The approaches to deal with immigrant groups and their cultures
In dealing with immigrant groups and their cult
National Cinema vs Hollywood Industry - Essay
In the following essay I will explain if the idea of national cinema can be maintained
in an era of global cultural production. To explore this theory I will focus on the power
of Hollywood and the pressures of global film industry versus the difficulties of
national and art cinema of getting a niche in the film market.
Meizhen ZengEnglish 0812Dr.kim031515Questions on Giddens.docx
This document contains questions from a student named Meizhen Zeng for a lecture given by Anthony Giddens on globalization. The questions cover a range of topics discussed in Giddens' lecture, including the debate between skeptics and radicals about globalization, Giddens' view on the accuracy of globalization and its influences, and the effects of globalization on personal lives, cultural identities, and the collapse of Soviet communism. The student also asks about negative consequences of globalization according to Giddens and his response to those who see it as Westernization or Americanization.
Assignment
The document discusses the impact of globalization on socio-economic life. It defines globalization as the process of international integration arising from the interchange of ideas, products and culture. It outlines the objectives to understand the meaning, effects and aspects of globalization. The theoretical overview discusses three main types of globalization - economic, cultural and political. It concludes that globalization today combines unprecedented institutionalization through global infrastructures and marks a new era in human affairs.
Globalization presentation 2015 2016
A long presentation of Globalization for European Section students. This includes the questions of new actors and processes in the globalized world, the US-Mexico border, immigration changes in the USA, document analyses and alternatives to Globalization.
Globalisation, its challenges and advantages
Globalization is a complex process that has accelerated dramatically in recent decades due to reductions in transportation and communication barriers. It involves the growing integration of economies and societies around the world through increased cross-border trade, investment, and cultural exchange. While globalization has connected people in unprecedented ways and increased economic growth in many places, it has also increased inequality and cultural homogenization in some areas. The document traces the history of globalization from early empires through modern increases in international institutions and advances in technology that have further driven global integration.
World cinema
The document discusses the changing phases of world cinema from its origins to modern globalization. It begins by describing how the Lumiere brothers' invention of cinema brought moving images from region to region. It then outlines five phases of world cinema: Cosmopolitan, National, Federated, World, and Global. Later phases saw cinema become more transnational as technologies like video allowed for swift global distribution. The essay explores how cinema both reflected and shaped national and international connections and negotiations across its historical development.
AS Edexcel Geography - Unit 1 Going Global
The document discusses several topics related to globalization including:
1. Globalization refers to the growing interdependence between countries through increased trade, capital flows, and technology diffusion.
2. Key drivers of globalization include advances in transportation and technology, the rise of multinational corporations, and international organizations.
3. Globalization has contributed to both increased economic opportunities but also greater inequality between wealthy elites and poor populations in many countries.
Migration, Globalization and Demographic Change
Sociology of Migration, Globalization and Demographic Change: International movement of people in a globalizing world
Possible accompaniment to the superb 'Sociology' Giddens and Sutton (2013) (left) Chapter 16, with an extensive assortment of additional accompanying resources
PIA 811 - INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS
The emergence of Nollywood, Nigeria's movie industry, both confirms and discredits some theories of international communication. Nollywood confirms the modernization theory by helping to globalize Nigeria through films and soap operas that promote Western styles. However, it also displays aspects of dependency theory by imitating Western filming styles rather than preserving Nigerian cultural values. Nollywood cannot be said to fully practice the social responsibility theory as content is decided by filmmakers without public input. While Nollywood has increased Nigeria's visibility, it often portrays negative stereotypes that can damage the country's international image. The industry should make movies that showcase Nigeria in a more positive light on global issues.
globalization-190706113049.pptx
The document discusses several key aspects of globalization including economic, cultural, and political dimensions. It provides information on how globalization has increased interconnectedness between countries through advances in technology, transportation, and communication. It describes how economic globalization has increased international trade and movement of goods, capital, and labor. Cultural globalization has led to the spread of shared cultures and consumption patterns across borders. Political globalization involves the rise of international organizations and global governance networks beyond individual nation-states.
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14 Anthony Giddens will be more affected by the reach of .docx
14 Anthony Giddens will be more affected by the reach of .docx
Meizhen ZengEnglish 0812Dr.kim031515Questions on Giddens.docx
Meizhen ZengEnglish 0812Dr.kim031515Questions on Giddens.docx
More from Kayyah_Robun
Eval ancillary
The document evaluates how effective the combination of a main film product and its ancillary promotional tasks of a film review and poster. It finds that the review and poster were able to give both a written and visual representation of the film's content and message through consistent use of color, images, and text between the products. Color was used prominently and intentionally to symbolize key themes like innocence and freedom. Images from the film in the review helped illustrate its style and genre, while the poster's staged photo followed conventions to intrigue viewers. Matching the title, font, and language between the products added familiarity and clarity that they referred to the same film.
Representation theory in film
Laura Mulvey developed the theory of the "Male Gaze" which argues that cinema is directed towards appealing to heterosexual men by over-sexualizing women. She identified three ways this occurs: how men view women, how women view other women, and how women view themselves. The document discusses how the characters Ellie and Sam in the short film "Promise" could be seen as subject to the Male Gaze by portraying the female character as beautiful until the end in order to not make audiences uncomfortable.
Narrative and Audience theory
The document discusses several theories of narrative and audience in film. It describes Claude Levi-Strauss's theory of binary oppositions driving conflict and resolution in narratives. It also outlines Vladimir Propp's 7 main character types that often appear in stories. Finally, it discusses Tzvetan Todorov's 5 stages of narrative structure and how these theories apply to analyzing the short film "PROMISE".
Theories on film genre
John Fiske and John Hartley discussed how genre acts as a convenience for audiences to categorize films based on established conventions. However, David Buckingham believed genres are constantly changing based on societal influences. Barry Keith Grant argued that while there are broad genres, more specific subgenres take over in defining a film's content and conventions. Rick Altman's genre theory proposed that genres provide audiences with semantic pleasures through obvious signifiers, and syntactic pleasures through less obvious themes and moods portrayed through elements like color and tone.
Deconstruction of review
This document summarizes a short film review that was designed to look like a magazine article. It uses conventions from real media products like having a dominant central image, column structure for text, and key details box. The review analyzes how the characters in the film represent emotional and medical cures for the main character's illness. It also examines deeper metaphors and aims to look past mainstream approaches by deconstructing raw messages in the plot.
Gender
This document summarizes a presentation about gender representation in media. It discusses how gender is a social construct that influences behavior and is portrayed through stereotypes. While gender roles are becoming less defined, media still relies on traditional stereotypes such as women primarily depicted as housewives or in domestic/beauty product ads, and men shown as independent breadwinners engaged in stereotypically masculine activities and products. The document calls for media to break from these stereotypes by representing women and men in more complex, non-gendered ways.
Pre production
Titles and sound balancing are important aspects of pre-production. Dynamic titles created in software like After Effects or Photoshop can help set the mood, while balanced audio connections are needed for high-quality sound recording. Low-budget films can use hand-drawn or printed titles. Credits should thank all contributors and appear long enough to be read. Non-diegetic sounds like music are added in post-production for effect rather than being part of the story world. Foley artists record replacement sounds in a studio, while voiceovers can narrate or be added during ADR. Music establishes themes and mood depending on the film's genre and budget.
Actor shoot plan 6
Richard Scott has scenes scheduled to film in the park on Wednesday March 18th from 15:15-16:30 PM. He needs to bring casual clothes and a highlighted copy of the script and should wear his own makeup due to added lighting which could cause reactions or uneven skin tone on camera. Contact information is provided for Emily and Kayyah.
Character profiles
Ellie is a 16-year-old girl with cancer who is determined to live a normal life despite her illness. She dreams of attending her school prom but struggles with the physical limitations of her disease. Her father Dave is overprotective following the death of Ellie's mother, while her friend Sam and nurse Sandy provide her with emotional support. Other characters include Sam's romantic interest Lucy and Ellie's medical caregiver Sandy. The story explores Ellie's battle with cancer and her desire to experience life to the fullest despite the challenges of her diagnosis.
Designing an effective title
This document analyzes titles from romantic drama films to inform the design of a short film title. It discusses three films - The Fault in Our Stars, Endless Love, and My Sister's Keeper. All three titles use a light blue background or font color, which symbolizes innocence, freedom, and teenage love. The Fault in Our Stars and My Sister's Keeper also use a handwritten-style font to suggest a narrative told from a child's perspective. Endless Love uses a simple typed font that draws attention to the words. Based on these analyses, the author decides their short film title will also use a blue color scheme and a more handwritten font.
Evaluation
The student learned about the importance of understanding their target audience through making a short film. They conducted questionnaires with 50 people in their target demographic to determine preferences around length, content, and platform. They also interviewed people to get feedback on the script and plot. After the film premiere, they surveyed attendees and found the film was successful in meeting expectations revealed in the pre-production research, such as having a relatable female protagonist. Conducting research helped the student design the film poster and review to appeal to their target audience.
Audience research questionnaire results
The document summarizes the results of a questionnaire given to the intended audience for a short film. It found that the majority of respondents were female aged 16-18 and in education. Most preferred watching romance genres for 6-7 minutes online. The filmmakers will aim to target this audience by featuring a strong female protagonist and including a positive ending, while exploring typical conventions of portraying gender roles in film.
Results from film review interviews
95% of interviewees recognized the film review format based on its layout. Younger audiences found the review "perfectly composed" while older audiences saw it as "sophisticated". Most interviewees said the large, striking images were the strongest feature while a few cited the critical perspectives. The majority said the images made them interested in seeing those scenes. While a few younger viewers found the text slightly excessive, 92% felt there was the right amount. The only suggested improvement was making some elements bigger and bolder.
Target audience response to film review
- The document contains transcripts from interviews with 10 people in the target audience for a film review. The interviews asked about initial thoughts on the review, strongest features, opinions on images and text amount.
- Respondents generally thought the review looked professionally designed and had eye-catching images of the appropriate size. The amount of text was seen as just right for both casual and close reading. Suggested improvements were to make the title or main image slightly larger.
Promise’ audience response –
The document summarizes data from questionnaires given to an audience that viewed a short film. It provides details on:
- The majority of the audience was aged 16-18 (70%) and female (90%).
- Most audience members enjoyed the film and thought the narration at the beginning was effective.
- The target audience is seen as teenagers. While most found the main character relatable, some did not.
- The genre is identified as romance and most felt it should receive a 12 age rating. Many said they would watch it again.
storyboarding
Storyboarding began with Leonardo da Vinci but became widely used in the 1920s with the rise of animated films. Walt Disney further popularized storyboarding in 1929 when making Steamboat Willie. By the 1940s, storyboarding was also used for live-action films. Today, storyboarding is still commonly used in animation due to technological advances allowing for detailed scenes. Storyboarding has also expanded beyond film into other industries like marketing, fashion, and business for online and print promotions. While technology will continue to change storyboarding presentation, it will remain a vital planning tool for visualizing events on camera from start to finish.
Evaluation - Technology
Rukayyah Robun used various media technologies throughout the filmmaking process. In the research stage, they used search engines, YouTube, IMDB, and SlideShare to gather written, audio, and video information on film techniques and styles. During planning, PowerPoint and their WordPress blog helped visualize and organize their ideas. Key technologies for construction included cameras, lighting equipment, and Edius 7 editing software to shoot and assemble the film. Evaluation involved their WordPress blog, social media for promotion, an interactive whiteboard for screenings, and a scanner to digitize feedback questionnaires.
Mise en scene in ‘promise'
The document summarizes key elements of the mise-en-scène in the film 'Promise'. It describes the settings of the home, school and prom used to portray meanings. It then characterizes the main characters Ellie, Sam and Dave and how they represent illness, youth and reality. Props like Ellie's dress, medical equipment and technology are discussed. Finally, it covers the use of lighting and color manipulation to emphasize different tones throughout the story.
Mise en scene in ‘promise’
The document summarizes key elements of the mise-en-scène in the film 'Promise'. It describes the settings of the home, school and prom, which are used to portray feelings of safety, teenage struggles and Ellie's isolation. It also characterizes the main characters Ellie, Sam and Dave and how they represent youth, hope and realism. Props like Ellie's dress, medical equipment and technology are discussed. The lighting and use of color are addressed to emphasize different tones throughout the story.
Planning a film screening
Rukayyah Robun and Emily plan to screen their short film for an audience aged 12-21 in a classroom at their sixth form centre. They have been given 60 minutes to set up and screen their 11 minute film. They will use a projector and interactive whiteboard connected to a laptop to screen the film on a 70 inch screen. For safety, they will use a sign-in sheet to track attendees. They aim to provide popcorn and drinks to make the experience more like a cinema. They will promote the screening using social media and posters around the sixth form centre.
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environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
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Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Globalisation
- 1. GLOBALSATION By Rukayyah Robun
- 2. WHAT IS GLOBALISATION? Globalisation (or globalisation) is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture. Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the telegraph and its posterity the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities.
- 3. GLOBALISATION IN FILM Hollywood films represent more than half, and sometimes more than two-thirds of total box-office receipts in major markets. Films that succeed in the US market also tend to succeed in foreign markets. This suggests that a convergence of popular taste may be coming about, though in many countries this phenomenon also occurs against a backdrop of cultural contestation. Hollywood has been a success partly because of the unmatched competitive advantages concentrated in its home base, partly because of its extensive distribution network and US government efforts to push open foreign doors. Despite its status as the preeminent world center of the film industry, globalization is also confronting Hollywood with many new challenges.
- 4. HOW DOES THIS AFFECT BRITISH CINEMA? In general the repesentation of the multi-faceted aspects of globalisation have been weak however it is argued here that British cinema has been possibly the best national cinema in representing the underlying political economy of globalisation as defined above. Some of the work of Ken Loach has been concerned with the de-regulation of British industry and the dodgy outcomes of economic liberalisation from the early 1990s until now. Riff-Raff, The Navigators and It's a Free World have certainly covered many of these issues as they have unfurled underpinned by the director's understanding of political economy. Ae fond Kiss also saw Loach take on board the issue of ethnicity and identity very directly. Independent British cinema has certainly been strong on both the concerns of migration and diaspora and also on the issues of hybridity and the changing cultural identity of Britain in recent years. Arguably it could have been stronger but that is an issue well beyond the desires of individual filmmakers who have done an excellent job in the face of an industry which provides little in the way of marketing and promotion, distribution and exhibition.
- 5. “I consider that the issue of representing ethnicity in British cinema frequently relates to the period of pre-globalisation in films such as East is East. The waves of immigration into the UK predated globalisation on my working definition and representation and ethnicity can often relate to several generations of British people and the hybridity stemming from that embeddedness. The representation of ethnicities from temporary migration and recent migration as a direct outcome of globalisation are treated differently although there are clearly crossovers and overlapping as in the case of the representation of those who are British but become caught up in post 9-11 resistance to globalisation as represented in films like The Road to Guantanamo”