The document discusses global warming and the need for urgent global action to address it. It outlines that global warming is caused by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like industry, transportation, and deforestation. This is leading to issues like rising sea levels and temperatures, melting ice caps and glaciers, and more extreme weather. The document calls for global cooperation like the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions through measures like renewable energy adoption and pollution standards. Public awareness and sustainable development that conserves nature are also seen as important to curb global warming and its impacts on ecosystems, communities, and economies worldwide.

1. GLOBAL WARMING DEMANDS
MORE GOBAL ACTION
Environmental problems are global in nature. These
problems are Greenhouse effect, Global warming,
Acid rains, Flood, Famines, Air, Water and Noise
Pollution etc. The quality of environment has
become detrimental and reached the critical stage
due to interference of man in shaping the
environment. Excess population, over
industrialization and over urbanization are major
cause of environmental deterioration. The so-called
development has become a double-edged weapon.

2. The two major environmental threats faced by us
globally are-
a) Abnormal increase in temperature of the earth
due to anthropogenic introduction of greenhouse
gases has resulted into greenhouse effect, global
warming and climatic changes
b) Abnormal increase in ultra-violet(U.V) radiation
on the surface of the earth due to depletion of
ozone-layer in the ozonosphere.
Both the problems are inter-related and are caused
mainly due to human activities.

3. What Is global
Warming?
Rise in Average temperature of
the atmosphere and surface of
the earth due to greenhouse
gases is called global warming.

5. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR GLOBAL
WARMING
1) Greenhouse gases emitted from industries,
vehicles and households are the major
factors for global warming. They make a layer
around the earth in the atmosphere as like
the layer of greenhouses. They allow to come
the ultraviolet rays of sunlight but also
absorbed infrared radiation emitted by the
surface of the earth. So they are increasing
temperature of the earth.

6. GREENHOUSE GASES PERCENTAGE
1. Carbon dioxide (CO2) 60%
2. Methane 20%
3. Chlorofluorocarbons 14%
4. Nitrous oxide 6%

8. 2) Deforestation i.e. cutting of trees on mass scale
is responsible for global warming. Every year
the trees are cutted about the size of Greece all
over the world carbon dioxide is utilized during
photosynthesis but due to deforestation it does
not happen so. The carbon dioxide percentage
instead of decreasing is rather increasing.
3) Carbon dioxide emission by vehicles, industries
and households. CFCs are produced from
commercial refrigerators, aerosol cans, shaving
creams and cleaning agent for electronic goods.
Methane is produce from marshy areas, paddy
fields logged with water and from decaying
substances under water of dams.

9. 4) Excessive population directly or indirectly
enhances global warming. For increasing
population there is need of more agricultural
fields, urbanization, industrialization which
lead to deforestation

10. IMPACTS Of GLOBAL
WARMING
Global warming is causing climatic
change. It is raising atmosphere
temperature and seriously
upsetting ecological balance.

11. Following are the impacts of
global warming-
1) Icebergs are melting. Due to this people living at
coastal areas are threaten for their homes,
environment, culture and livelihood.
2) The glaciers around Mount Everest, Mount Alps, etc.
are also melting. Owing to this, there is flood in rivers,
loss of public properties and life. Increased water in
river are raising the sea-level and probability of
submerging of coastal areas and low laying areas has
increased. e.g. Bangladesh, Maldives, etc.
Due to increase in global mean temperature
the global sea level has raised about 10 to 20 cms.
over the past few years.

12. 3) The Polar ice caps are melting at the alarming rate of
9% per decade. This is the report of NASA(National
Aeronautic Space Administration). The thickness Arctic
ice has decreased about 38% since 1960. scientists
estimate that the sea-level will rise by an additional
7.1 inches by 2010, 13 inches by 2050,51 inches by
2100 and as much as 80-160 inches by 2200.
4) The melting of glaciers and irregular rainfall is causing
less amount of water in most of river basins. This is
resulting into less water recharge of ground water. The
inter-state and inter countries conflicts are all over the
world. Water bodies are facing paucity of water.
5) Global warming enhances the rate of disease in
humans, plants and livestock.

13. 6) The agriculture productivity is also adversely affected
due to it. Therefore, it results in economic decline.
7) Decline in agricultural productivity due to higher
temperature and greater aridity and proneness to
diseases results in malnutrition, changed behaviour,
disrupted social institutions, like family, school,
weaken the tax bases of any country, migration of the
people, disrupted labour market. Thus, the political,
legal, economic is challenged due to global warming.
8) The biodiversity is threatened all over the world due
to global warming. Many species have became extinct
and many others are on the verge of extinction.

14. 9) Due to global Warming the tropical areas
will become drier resulting in spread and
formation of deserts.
10) Due to global warming there will be
more rainfall in higher latitudes i.e.
temperate and sub temperate areas of the
earth, resulting in floods
11) The upper layers of atmosphere will
become cooler due to less passes of long
wave radiations like infrared radiation.
There will be shrinking of the atmosphere

16. NEED FOR URGENT GLOBAL ACTIONS
TO CONTROL GLOBAL WARMING
• A number of global actions have already been
taken at international level and still a number
of steps are being taken to overcome this
problem:-

17. 1) We know that nature of the earth is self-
correcting body. Carbon dioxide is utilized by
plants during photosynthesis. Hence it is a
simple and useful method of plantation to
conserve the nature and reduce carbon
dioxide percentage. This is possible by
actions taken by united nations, Non
governmental Organizations and
governments of various countries and states.
Percentage Year
0.0230% 1750
0.0368% 2000
0.0391% 2011

18. 2) The earth summit (1992) at Rio-de-Jenerio, Brazil.
International community signed agreement for
reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.
3) Kyoto protocol (1997) at Kyoto(Japan)- The
understanding to reduce emission of greenhouse
gases were signed by 141 countries. This impacts
came into force from 16th Feb. 2005(but U.S.A and
Australia like developed countries refused it. The
Endeavour should be in 12.5% on 1990 level and
must be reduced up to 20% by 2020.

19. 4) Delhi declaration (November 2002)- The
conference of parties to the united nations
framework convention on climate change
advocated adoption implementation of clean
development technologies for sustainable
development.
5) Strategic Planning is essential particularly for
developing countries to mitigate the problem of
global warming because to much reduction and
control of greenhouse gases may effect their
industries, increase poverty, backwardness,
economic crisis and may become colony of
developed countries.

20. 6) Pollutants emission norms for vehicles should be
strictly followed and environment protection laws
must be implemented
7) Public awareness is very helpful in controlling
global warming.

21. MAHATMA GANDHI, Father of the
nation, once said, “The earth provides
enough to satisfy every man’s need,
but not every man’s greed”

22. References
1) N.C.E.R.T biology of class ix.
2) Times of India, Patna 2005
3) Google Images
4) Delta commission report 2008