Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect trapping heat in the atmosphere due to increasing levels of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide from human activities since the Industrial Revolution. This has led to a rise in global temperatures and is causing severe consequences like sea level rise, more extreme weather events, and effects on ecosystems. While developing countries contribute less greenhouse gas emissions, they are often the most severely impacted. Recommendations to mitigate global warming include reducing fossil fuel usage, transitioning to renewable energy, and developing new technologies.

1. GLOBAL
WARMING
PRASHANT
WATER SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT
A. N. COLLEGE PATNA - 13

2. WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING???
The gradual increase in
the average temperature
of earth’s atmosphere &
oceans occurs due to the
greenhouse effect that
causes change in climate
is known as global
warming.

3. GREENHOUSE EFFECT

4. MAJOR GREENHOUSE GASES
 Carbon dioxide(CO2)
 Methane(CH4)
 Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)
 Nitrous oxide(N2O)
 Water vapour (H2O)

5. MAIN SOURCES OF GHGS

6. CARBON DIOXIDE- CO2
 Accounts for 57% of greenhouse gases emissions
Enters atmosphere by
1. Carbon cycle
2. Burning fossil fuels
3. Deforestation
4. Cement production

7. METHANE-CH4
 A gas that is emitted from the following sources:
1. Volcanic activity
2. Natural gas fields
3. Solid waste landfills
4. Byproduct of biomass


8. NITROUS OXIDE- N2O:
A gas that is emitted from the following
sources:
1. Burning fossil fuels
2. Use of fertilizers
3. Burning biomass

9. WATER VAPOUR:
 Responsible for the 2/3 of the heat trapped in the earth’s
atmosphere
 The hotter the atmosphere gets, the higher the level of
“relative humidity” which holds the heat in even better.

10. Source:- UNEP’s Introduction to Climate change

11. ADDITION OF GHGS BY HUMAN IN
ATMOSPHERE
It starts
from
Industrial
Revolution
(1760) &
specially
during
1950.

12. LIST OF COUNTRIES BASED ON CO2
EMISSION(2008)
Country Annual CO2
emission(in
thousands of tones)
% of world emission
WORLD 29,888,121 100
China 7,031,916 23.5%
United States 5,461,014 18.27%
EU (27) 4,177,817 13.98%
India 1,742,698 5.83%
Russia 1,708,653 5.72%
Japan 1,208,163 4.04%
Germany 786,660 2.63%
Sources:- Collected by USDE & CDIAC for United Nation

13. LIST OF COUNTRIES BASED ON CO2
EMISSION IN 2011(ESTIMATED)
Country Annual CO2
emission(in
thousands of tones)
Emission per capita
WORLD 33,376,327 4.9
CHINA 9,700,000 7.2
US 5,420,000 17.3
INDIA 1,970,000 1.6
RUSSIA 1,830,000 12.8
JAPAN 1,240,000 9.8
Source:- European Commission & Netherland Environment
Assessment agency

14. CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL WARMING
 Rise in global temperature
1. Melting of polar glaciers & ice caps 2.
Sea level change
 More drought & flood
 Duration of hot day increases
 Disturb water balance
 Occurrence of storms increases
 Crop yield reduces

15. Melting of glacier due to global Warming

16. Coral reefs ecosystem get disturbed by Global Warming

17. Physical effect Ecological
effect
Economical &
Social effect
Effects on Climate Terrestrial Ecosystem and
Diversity
1.Food Supply
Biological Cycles Marine Ecosystem and
Biodiversity
Health
Glacier retreat Freshwater Ecosystem Diseases
Effects on Oceans 4.Gross Domestic
Product
5.Movement and Conflict
EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING

18. MOST EFFECTED COUNTRY BY GLOBAL
WARMING
 Poor developing countries mainly small islands
 Tropical & sub-tropical areas mainly Asia, Africa,
South & Central America.
Developed country Developing country
1 American’s emission = 19 Indians
= 30 Pakistanis
= 49 Sri Lankans
= 107 Bangladeshis
= 134 Bhutanese
= 17 Maldivians
= 269 Nepalese
Emission by Unequal World

19. EVIDENCES WHICH SHOWS GLOBAL
WARMING
Photographed by:- T. W. Stanton(1911) & H.B. Robinson(1956)
GRINNELL
GLACIER

20. SHEPPARD GLACIER(1913,2005), GLACIER
NATIONAL PARK, MT
SOURCE:- U.S, Geological Survey

21. MUIR GLACIER(1891,2005)
ALASKA
Photographed by:- G. D Hazard & Bruce F. Molnia

22. MCCARTY GLACIER ALASKA

24. SECOND REPORT OF IPCC ON
GLOBAL WARMING
GHGs % Increased Since Pre-industrial
era
Carbon dioxide 30%
Methane 145%
Nitrous oxide 15%
Year Increased earth surface
temperature (degree Celsius)
Since late 19th century 0.3 – 0.6
2030 2 (estimated)
2090 4 (estimated)
GHGs concentrations since Pre-industrial era
Rise in earth surface temperature since late 19th century

25. GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS ON INDIA
 The Coastal areas have been affected by cyclone and floods.
 Reduction of mangrove vegetation.
 Ecological disasters ,such as a 1998 coral bleaching
event that killed off more than 70% of the corals in the
reef ecosystem of Lakshadweep and Andaman's.
 Submerging of low lying areas of Bangladesh can result
in the influx of refugees to Meghalaya
 Kashmir ,which once had a subtropical climate, shifted
to substantially colder temperature climate
 Shift of season patterns and changes in average
temperature

26. EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON COASTAL PART OF
INDIA

27. IMPORTANT YEAR &MILESTONE IN HISTORY
OF GLOBAL WARMING
 1760 – Industrial revolution
 1825 – Greenhouse effect described 1st time by
Svante Arrhenius
 1870 – Technical revolution
 1930 – Dust bowl
 1938 – 1st sign of climate change
 1957 – Formal paper on climate change
 1979 – 1st World Climate Conference (Geneva)
 1988 – IPCC established by UNEP & WMO
 1992 – UN Earth Summit; 154 countries (Rio de
Janerio)

28. CONTINUE…
 1992 – UNFCCC adopted at UN Headquarter
 1995 – 1st meeting of CoP (Berlin)
 1997 – Kyoto Protocol
 2002 – WSSD(Johannesburg)
 2003 – European heat wave
 2005 – Atlantic hurricane
 2005 – APPCDC formed
 2006 – Stern Review
 2009 – EPA finding
 2010 – Year of volcano (Indonesia & Iceland)
 2011 – Wave of destruction (Japan)

29. RECOMMENDATIONS
 Reduce GHGs emission by:-
 Minimizes use of fossil fuel
 Use new technology
 Use of common transport
 Use of renewal source of energy like
Solar energy
Wind energy
Tidal energy
Hydrogen
Biodiesel

30. CONTINUE…
 Research on new technologies & methods
 Make consensus on important issues related to
combat Global warming
 Strong political will power
 Awareness about Global Warming & it’s impact

31. Stern’s Conclusion “The benefit of
strong, early action on climate
change outweigh the costs ”

32. We need to
make
changes for
subsequent
generations
Thank you…!!!