Glaucoma bb dr.somboon eye
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Glaucoma is a group of diseases that cause damage to the retinal ganglion cells from increased intraocular pressure. It is a leading cause of blindness. The anatomy involves aqueous humor production and outflow, with factors like age, race, family history, drugs, and surgery affecting IOP. Normal IOP is typically below 21 mmHg. Treatment options include beta blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and prostaglandins, while surgical options include laser trabeculoplasty and filtration procedures. Screening is recommended for those over 40, with a family history, underlying diseases, on certain medications, history of eye trauma, or signs/symptoms of suspected glaucoma.
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Review of glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and cause vision loss. It is often associated with an abnormally high pressure inside the eye. There are several types of glaucoma including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), angle-closure glaucoma (ACG), and secondary glaucoma due to other health conditions. Glaucoma is managed through medication, laser treatment, or surgery depending on the type and severity. The goal is to prevent further optic nerve damage and vision loss.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is caused by elevated intraocular pressure that results from impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. This leads to optic nerve damage and visual field loss. There are two main types - open-angle glaucoma caused by abnormalities in the drainage system, and closed-angle glaucoma caused by impaired access of aqueous humor to the drainage system. Glaucoma is assessed through tonometry, gonioscopy, examination of the optic disc, and visual field testing. Risk factors include older age, family history, diabetes, and high myopia. Treatment options include eye drops to reduce aqueous production or increase outflow, as well as surgical procedures like trabeculectomy or shunt implantation. Complications of gl
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by damage to the optic nerve and visual field defects that is frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). It can be primary or secondary. Primary glaucoma involves elevated IOP without another cause, while secondary glaucoma occurs when another eye condition alters aqueous outflow leading to elevated IOP. Glaucoma is classified as open-angle or angle-closure depending on whether the angle between the iris and cornea is open or closed. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is a secondary open-angle glaucoma caused by deposits of pseudoexfoliative material clogging the trabecular meshwork. Neovascular glaucoma is also secondary, occurring
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) that can damage the optic nerve and result in vision loss. The normal IOP range is 10-20 mmHg. IOP can be measured using contact tonometry such as Goldmann applanation tonometry or non-contact air-puff methods. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type, where the angle remains open but drainage is blocked, causing increased IOP. It typically affects those over 40 and can be managed through eyedrops or surgery. Primary closed-angle glaucoma is a medical emergency where the iris blocks the drainage angle, rapidly increasing IOP and requiring immediate treatment to prevent vision loss.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma presentation for ophthalmology course, presented as a student seminar. Class location: ophthalmology unit, An-Najah National University Hospital.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and causes vision loss and blindness. It is often asymptomatic in the early stages. The main cause is increased pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure) due to impaired fluid drainage from the eye. There are two main types - open angle glaucoma which develops slowly over time and closed angle glaucoma which is a medical emergency with sudden severe eye pain. Treatment aims to reduce intraocular pressure and halt further optic nerve damage.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by optic nerve damage and vision loss caused by increased pressure in the eye. The document discusses the definition, epidemiology, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of primary open angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma. Key points include that glaucoma has various clinical manifestations, causes include blockage of aqueous outflow, signs involve optic nerve changes and visual field loss, and treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure through medication, laser treatment, or surgery.
Glaucoma
This document provides an overview of glaucoma, including its anatomy, physiology, types, diagnosis, and treatment. Glaucoma is caused by damage to the optic nerve from increased intraocular pressure, which is usually due to an imbalance between the production and drainage of aqueous humor in the eye. There are two main types: open-angle glaucoma, which accounts for most cases, and closed-angle glaucoma, which has a sudden onset. Treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further vision loss through medical approaches like eye drops, laser treatments, or surgeries like trabeculectomy that improve aqueous humor drainage.
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Review of glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and cause vision loss. It is often associated with an abnormally high pressure inside the eye. There are several types of glaucoma including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), angle-closure glaucoma (ACG), and secondary glaucoma due to other health conditions. Glaucoma is managed through medication, laser treatment, or surgery depending on the type and severity. The goal is to prevent further optic nerve damage and vision loss.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is caused by elevated intraocular pressure that results from impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. This leads to optic nerve damage and visual field loss. There are two main types - open-angle glaucoma caused by abnormalities in the drainage system, and closed-angle glaucoma caused by impaired access of aqueous humor to the drainage system. Glaucoma is assessed through tonometry, gonioscopy, examination of the optic disc, and visual field testing. Risk factors include older age, family history, diabetes, and high myopia. Treatment options include eye drops to reduce aqueous production or increase outflow, as well as surgical procedures like trabeculectomy or shunt implantation. Complications of gl
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by damage to the optic nerve and visual field defects that is frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). It can be primary or secondary. Primary glaucoma involves elevated IOP without another cause, while secondary glaucoma occurs when another eye condition alters aqueous outflow leading to elevated IOP. Glaucoma is classified as open-angle or angle-closure depending on whether the angle between the iris and cornea is open or closed. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is a secondary open-angle glaucoma caused by deposits of pseudoexfoliative material clogging the trabecular meshwork. Neovascular glaucoma is also secondary, occurring
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) that can damage the optic nerve and result in vision loss. The normal IOP range is 10-20 mmHg. IOP can be measured using contact tonometry such as Goldmann applanation tonometry or non-contact air-puff methods. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type, where the angle remains open but drainage is blocked, causing increased IOP. It typically affects those over 40 and can be managed through eyedrops or surgery. Primary closed-angle glaucoma is a medical emergency where the iris blocks the drainage angle, rapidly increasing IOP and requiring immediate treatment to prevent vision loss.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma presentation for ophthalmology course, presented as a student seminar. Class location: ophthalmology unit, An-Najah National University Hospital.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and causes vision loss and blindness. It is often asymptomatic in the early stages. The main cause is increased pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure) due to impaired fluid drainage from the eye. There are two main types - open angle glaucoma which develops slowly over time and closed angle glaucoma which is a medical emergency with sudden severe eye pain. Treatment aims to reduce intraocular pressure and halt further optic nerve damage.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by optic nerve damage and vision loss caused by increased pressure in the eye. The document discusses the definition, epidemiology, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of primary open angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma. Key points include that glaucoma has various clinical manifestations, causes include blockage of aqueous outflow, signs involve optic nerve changes and visual field loss, and treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure through medication, laser treatment, or surgery.
Glaucoma
This document provides an overview of glaucoma, including its anatomy, physiology, types, diagnosis, and treatment. Glaucoma is caused by damage to the optic nerve from increased intraocular pressure, which is usually due to an imbalance between the production and drainage of aqueous humor in the eye. There are two main types: open-angle glaucoma, which accounts for most cases, and closed-angle glaucoma, which has a sudden onset. Treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further vision loss through medical approaches like eye drops, laser treatments, or surgeries like trabeculectomy that improve aqueous humor drainage.
Glaucoma
This document provides an overview of glaucoma, including its pathophysiology, types, diagnosis, and treatment. Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss. It is traditionally associated with elevated intraocular pressure but can occur with normal pressure as well. The two main types are open-angle glaucoma, the most common, and closed-angle glaucoma, which has a sudden onset. Treatment involves medications, laser therapy, or surgery to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further nerve damage.
Glaucoma
one of my education lecture in ophthalmic hospital about glaucoma patho-physiology and management as illustrated in applied therapeutic 10th edition - clinical pharmacy department
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is caused by increased pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure) that damages the optic nerve and causes vision loss. It can be primary open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, or normal tension glaucoma. Diagnosis involves tests of eye pressure, optic nerve examination, and visual field tests. Treatment options include eye medications, laser surgery, and filtration surgery to manage pressure and slow vision loss.
Glaucoma 1 introduction,dr.k.n.jha,27.10.16
Glaucoma is defined as a group of diseases characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss. It is associated with elevated intraocular pressure but this is not required for diagnosis. The aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body and drains through two pathways - the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal or through the uveoscleral pathway. Investigations for glaucoma include tonometry, gonioscopy, optic nerve examination, and visual field testing. Glaucomas are classified as open-angle, angle-closure, childhood, and secondary to other conditions.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve and can cause blindness. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma, which develops slowly over time due to increased pressure in the eye from blocked drainage canals. Angle-closure glaucoma develops quickly from a sudden rise in pressure caused by a closed angle between the iris and cornea. Treatment involves medications, laser therapy, or surgery to lower pressure and slow further damage to the optic nerve.
Glaucoma
This document provides information about glaucoma, including definitions, classifications, risk factors, clinical features, examination findings, and management strategies. It discusses primary open angle glaucoma as the most common type, which can cause progressive, painless vision loss if intraocular pressure is not controlled. It also covers primary angle closure glaucoma and congenital glaucoma. Surgical treatments like trabeculectomy may be used if medical therapy with eye drops is insufficient to stop disease progression. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent irreversible vision loss from this sight-threatening condition.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a disorder caused by increased intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve. It has two main types - open angle glaucoma where the angle remains open, and angle closure glaucoma where the angle becomes narrow or closed. Angle closure glaucoma occurs when the iris blocks the drainage angle, commonly due to pupillary block or narrowing of the angle with age. It presents with sudden severe eye pain, blurred vision, headache, and eye redness. Gonioscopy is used to examine the angle structure and grade its width.
Glaucoma
Ophthalmology topic well summarized and explained to bring out important points easy to understand
Glaucoma for undergraduates
This document discusses glaucoma, including its definition, anatomy, types, risk factors, examination techniques, and classification. Specifically:
- Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve where damage to optic nerve fibers causes blind spots and vision loss.
- It involves abnormal drainage of the aqueous humor in the front of the eye, leading to increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve over time.
- The main types are open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma. Risk factors include high eye pressure, family history, age, and certain medical conditions.
- Examination techniques to detect glaucoma include tonometry to measure intraocular pressure, fundoscopy to examine the optic disc
THE GLAUCOMAS 1
The document discusses different types of glaucoma, including primary congenital glaucomas, primary open angle glaucomas, and primary angle closure glaucomas. Primary congenital glaucoma is caused by angle dysgenesis and impaired aqueous outflow, presenting from birth to age 2 with large eyes, corneal edema, and elevated intraocular pressure. Primary infantile glaucoma has a similar etiology but later onset from ages 3 to 10. Glaucoma can also be associated with certain congenital anomalies. The autonomic nervous system regulates aqueous secretion through adrenergic receptors.
Glaucoma types, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Glaucomas are ocular disorders characterized by changes in the optic nerve head (optic disk) and by loss of visual sensitivity and field.
There are two major types of glaucoma: open-angle glaucoma, which accounts for most cases and closed-angle glaucoma.
THE GLAUCOMAS 2
This document provides a classification and overview of the various types of glaucoma. It begins by defining primary and secondary glaucomas based on gonioscopic findings and associated risk factors. The major categories discussed include primary open-angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, ocular hypertension, primary angle-closure glaucoma, and secondary glaucomas. Within each category, the document describes the associated conditions, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, risk factors, and management considerations for each glaucoma subtype.
Glaucoma
This document provides information about glaucoma including its definition, epidemiology, classification, anatomy of the anterior chamber, physiology of the anterior chamber, measurement of intraocular pressure, optic disc examination, visual field testing, and the diagnosis of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a condition associated with elevated intraocular pressure that can cause damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. It is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
ophthalomolgy.Glaucoma 1 lectures (dr. ali)
Glaucoma describes conditions characterized by raised intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage, and visual field loss. It is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type, where the anterior chamber angle remains open and there is no identifiable cause for optic nerve damage other than statistically elevated pressure. It is typically asymptomatic until late in the disease when significant vision has already been lost. Treatment aims to lower pressure sufficiently to stop further visual field loss and involves topical eye drops or surgery.
GLAUCOMA PPT
This presentation summarizes glaucoma, including its etiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Glaucoma refers to a group of eye disorders characterized by optic nerve damage and vision loss due to increased intraocular pressure. It is classified as primary open-angle glaucoma or primary angle-closure glaucoma. Clinical features may include loss of peripheral vision, optic nerve cupping, and visual field defects. Diagnosis involves measuring intraocular pressure, examining the anterior chamber angle and optic disc. Treatment options include non-pharmacological methods as well as topical eye drops to lower pressure such as beta-blockers, alpha-2 agonists, prostaglandins, and
GLAUCOMA
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and causes vision loss. It is often associated with increased pressure in the eye. There are two main types - open angle and closed angle glaucoma. As of 2010, over 44 million people worldwide had open angle glaucoma. By 2020, this is projected to increase to over 58 million people. Glaucoma is currently the second leading cause of blindness globally. Timely diagnosis through regular eye exams and appropriate treatment can help prevent vision loss from glaucoma. Lifestyle factors like exercise may also play a role in prevention.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and can result in vision loss and blindness. It is often associated with increased fluid pressure in the eye. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma which progresses slowly over time and has no early symptoms. Treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure through eye drops, laser treatment, or surgery to slow the progression and prevent further vision loss. Left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss and blindness.
Glaucoma 2011
glaucoma diagnosis and treatment
prepared by Hardi Sdiq
university of sulaimani
college of pharmacy
Glaucoma
DEFINITION,EYE ANATOMY, Fluid Circulation, CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLASSIFICATIONS, DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION, MANAGEMENT
Glaucoma (opthalmology)
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by an increase in intraocular pressure. The aqueous humour maintains pressure in the eye and normally flows through the anterior chamber, draining out of the eye. In glaucoma, the drainage pathways become blocked, increasing pressure and damaging the optic nerve. There are several types of glaucoma including open-angle glaucoma, the most common type caused by slow drainage blockage, and closed-angle glaucoma caused by physical blockage of drainage canals. Treatment aims to lower pressure through eye drops or surgery and slow progression of vision loss.
Glaucoma.pptx
INTRODUCTION
ETIOLOGY
RISK FACTORS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CLASSIFICATION
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES
MANAGEMENT
Medical
Surgical
Nursing
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
POST TEST
Glaucoma, a major cause of blindness.
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide according to the WHO. It is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and causes vision loss, usually due to increased intraocular pressure. There are two main types - open-angle glaucoma which is most common, and closed-angle glaucoma which is more urgent. Detection involves measuring eye pressure, examining the optic nerve and retina, and visual field testing. Treatment goals are to lower eye pressure through medications, laser trabeculoplasty, or surgery such as trabeculectomy or tube shunt implantation to slow disease progression.
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Glaucoma
This document provides an overview of glaucoma, including its pathophysiology, types, diagnosis, and treatment. Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss. It is traditionally associated with elevated intraocular pressure but can occur with normal pressure as well. The two main types are open-angle glaucoma, the most common, and closed-angle glaucoma, which has a sudden onset. Treatment involves medications, laser therapy, or surgery to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further nerve damage.
Glaucoma
one of my education lecture in ophthalmic hospital about glaucoma patho-physiology and management as illustrated in applied therapeutic 10th edition - clinical pharmacy department
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is caused by increased pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure) that damages the optic nerve and causes vision loss. It can be primary open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, or normal tension glaucoma. Diagnosis involves tests of eye pressure, optic nerve examination, and visual field tests. Treatment options include eye medications, laser surgery, and filtration surgery to manage pressure and slow vision loss.
Glaucoma 1 introduction,dr.k.n.jha,27.10.16
Glaucoma is defined as a group of diseases characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss. It is associated with elevated intraocular pressure but this is not required for diagnosis. The aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body and drains through two pathways - the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal or through the uveoscleral pathway. Investigations for glaucoma include tonometry, gonioscopy, optic nerve examination, and visual field testing. Glaucomas are classified as open-angle, angle-closure, childhood, and secondary to other conditions.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve and can cause blindness. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma, which develops slowly over time due to increased pressure in the eye from blocked drainage canals. Angle-closure glaucoma develops quickly from a sudden rise in pressure caused by a closed angle between the iris and cornea. Treatment involves medications, laser therapy, or surgery to lower pressure and slow further damage to the optic nerve.
Glaucoma
This document provides information about glaucoma, including definitions, classifications, risk factors, clinical features, examination findings, and management strategies. It discusses primary open angle glaucoma as the most common type, which can cause progressive, painless vision loss if intraocular pressure is not controlled. It also covers primary angle closure glaucoma and congenital glaucoma. Surgical treatments like trabeculectomy may be used if medical therapy with eye drops is insufficient to stop disease progression. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent irreversible vision loss from this sight-threatening condition.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a disorder caused by increased intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve. It has two main types - open angle glaucoma where the angle remains open, and angle closure glaucoma where the angle becomes narrow or closed. Angle closure glaucoma occurs when the iris blocks the drainage angle, commonly due to pupillary block or narrowing of the angle with age. It presents with sudden severe eye pain, blurred vision, headache, and eye redness. Gonioscopy is used to examine the angle structure and grade its width.
Glaucoma
Ophthalmology topic well summarized and explained to bring out important points easy to understand
Glaucoma for undergraduates
This document discusses glaucoma, including its definition, anatomy, types, risk factors, examination techniques, and classification. Specifically:
- Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve where damage to optic nerve fibers causes blind spots and vision loss.
- It involves abnormal drainage of the aqueous humor in the front of the eye, leading to increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve over time.
- The main types are open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma. Risk factors include high eye pressure, family history, age, and certain medical conditions.
- Examination techniques to detect glaucoma include tonometry to measure intraocular pressure, fundoscopy to examine the optic disc
THE GLAUCOMAS 1
The document discusses different types of glaucoma, including primary congenital glaucomas, primary open angle glaucomas, and primary angle closure glaucomas. Primary congenital glaucoma is caused by angle dysgenesis and impaired aqueous outflow, presenting from birth to age 2 with large eyes, corneal edema, and elevated intraocular pressure. Primary infantile glaucoma has a similar etiology but later onset from ages 3 to 10. Glaucoma can also be associated with certain congenital anomalies. The autonomic nervous system regulates aqueous secretion through adrenergic receptors.
Glaucoma types, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Glaucomas are ocular disorders characterized by changes in the optic nerve head (optic disk) and by loss of visual sensitivity and field.
There are two major types of glaucoma: open-angle glaucoma, which accounts for most cases and closed-angle glaucoma.
THE GLAUCOMAS 2
This document provides a classification and overview of the various types of glaucoma. It begins by defining primary and secondary glaucomas based on gonioscopic findings and associated risk factors. The major categories discussed include primary open-angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, ocular hypertension, primary angle-closure glaucoma, and secondary glaucomas. Within each category, the document describes the associated conditions, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, risk factors, and management considerations for each glaucoma subtype.
Glaucoma
This document provides information about glaucoma including its definition, epidemiology, classification, anatomy of the anterior chamber, physiology of the anterior chamber, measurement of intraocular pressure, optic disc examination, visual field testing, and the diagnosis of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a condition associated with elevated intraocular pressure that can cause damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. It is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
ophthalomolgy.Glaucoma 1 lectures (dr. ali)
Glaucoma describes conditions characterized by raised intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage, and visual field loss. It is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type, where the anterior chamber angle remains open and there is no identifiable cause for optic nerve damage other than statistically elevated pressure. It is typically asymptomatic until late in the disease when significant vision has already been lost. Treatment aims to lower pressure sufficiently to stop further visual field loss and involves topical eye drops or surgery.
GLAUCOMA PPT
This presentation summarizes glaucoma, including its etiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Glaucoma refers to a group of eye disorders characterized by optic nerve damage and vision loss due to increased intraocular pressure. It is classified as primary open-angle glaucoma or primary angle-closure glaucoma. Clinical features may include loss of peripheral vision, optic nerve cupping, and visual field defects. Diagnosis involves measuring intraocular pressure, examining the anterior chamber angle and optic disc. Treatment options include non-pharmacological methods as well as topical eye drops to lower pressure such as beta-blockers, alpha-2 agonists, prostaglandins, and
GLAUCOMA
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and causes vision loss. It is often associated with increased pressure in the eye. There are two main types - open angle and closed angle glaucoma. As of 2010, over 44 million people worldwide had open angle glaucoma. By 2020, this is projected to increase to over 58 million people. Glaucoma is currently the second leading cause of blindness globally. Timely diagnosis through regular eye exams and appropriate treatment can help prevent vision loss from glaucoma. Lifestyle factors like exercise may also play a role in prevention.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and can result in vision loss and blindness. It is often associated with increased fluid pressure in the eye. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma which progresses slowly over time and has no early symptoms. Treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure through eye drops, laser treatment, or surgery to slow the progression and prevent further vision loss. Left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss and blindness.
Glaucoma 2011
glaucoma diagnosis and treatment
prepared by Hardi Sdiq
university of sulaimani
college of pharmacy
Glaucoma
DEFINITION,EYE ANATOMY, Fluid Circulation, CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLASSIFICATIONS, DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION, MANAGEMENT
Glaucoma (opthalmology)
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by an increase in intraocular pressure. The aqueous humour maintains pressure in the eye and normally flows through the anterior chamber, draining out of the eye. In glaucoma, the drainage pathways become blocked, increasing pressure and damaging the optic nerve. There are several types of glaucoma including open-angle glaucoma, the most common type caused by slow drainage blockage, and closed-angle glaucoma caused by physical blockage of drainage canals. Treatment aims to lower pressure through eye drops or surgery and slow progression of vision loss.
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Similar to Glaucoma bb dr.somboon eye
Glaucoma.pptx
INTRODUCTION
ETIOLOGY
RISK FACTORS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CLASSIFICATION
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES
MANAGEMENT
Medical
Surgical
Nursing
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
POST TEST
Glaucoma, a major cause of blindness.
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide according to the WHO. It is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and causes vision loss, usually due to increased intraocular pressure. There are two main types - open-angle glaucoma which is most common, and closed-angle glaucoma which is more urgent. Detection involves measuring eye pressure, examining the optic nerve and retina, and visual field testing. Treatment goals are to lower eye pressure through medications, laser trabeculoplasty, or surgery such as trabeculectomy or tube shunt implantation to slow disease progression.
Glaucoma dr.gosiengfiao dr.pangalanan
This document discusses glaucoma, a group of eye diseases involving damage to the optic nerve that can cause vision loss and blindness if not treated. It defines glaucoma as having characteristic optic nerve damage and visual field loss. While potentially blinding, glaucoma is largely manageable when detected early. The document outlines various mechanisms contributing to optic nerve cell death in glaucoma, including elevated intraocular pressure, loss of neurotrophic factors, glutamate excitotoxicity, impaired blood flow, and immune system involvement. It emphasizes that glaucoma has many contributing factors and can develop at any intraocular pressure, making an early, accurate diagnosis critical.
Inflm. glaucoma
Inflammatory glaucoma is caused by ocular inflammation raising IOP and damaging the optic nerve. It can be angle-closure or open-angle. Major causes include Posner-Schlossman syndrome, Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnosis involves assessing IOP, optic nerve damage, and presence of inflammation. Treatment focuses on controlling inflammation with steroids and lowering IOP with eyedrops or surgery. Posner-Schlossman syndrome specifically causes acute unilateral open-angle attacks in young adults.
acute intra-ocular pressure rise
Acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG) is characterized by a sudden increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to blockage of the eye's drainage angle by the iris. Emergency treatment involves rapidly lowering IOP through medications like acetazolamide and topical beta-blockers, as well as steroids to reduce inflammation. If medical therapy is ineffective, further interventions like osmotic agents, corneal indentation, or laser peripheral iridotomy within 24-48 hours may be needed to fully resolve the condition and prevent future attacks.
glaucoma and causes sign symptoms treatment
1. Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by optic nerve damage and vision loss caused by increased intraocular pressure.
2. It can be primary, resulting from increased aqueous humor production or decreased outflow, or secondary, caused by other eye diseases.
3. Treatment involves medications, laser therapy, or surgery to lower pressure and prevent further nerve damage. Proper management can help preserve vision if glaucoma is detected early.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by optic nerve damage and vision loss caused by increased intraocular pressure. The seminar discussed the definition, types, risk factors, diagnostic measures, management, and nursing care of glaucoma. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type and results from impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. Treatment involves medications, laser surgery, or filtering procedures to lower pressure and prevent further nerve damage. Nursing plays an important role in assessing patients, administering treatments, educating about risk factors and complications like vision loss.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy caused by loss of retinal neurons and nerve fibers, resulting in blindness if left untreated. There is a dose-response relationship between intraocular pressure and risk of damage to the visual field. Types of glaucoma include primary (congenital, hereditary, adult), and secondary (inflammatory, traumatic, phacolytic). Treatment involves drugs that lower intraocular pressure such as cholinergic agonists, beta blockers, alpha agonists, prostaglandin analogues, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Prostaglandins are often first choice drugs due to their efficacy and rare systemic side effects.
Glaucoma Overview
THIS SLIDES TALK ABOUT THE GLAUCOMA DISEASE, ITS OCCURRENCE, RISK FACTORS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. It occurs due to an increase in intraocular pressure above normal levels of 10-20 mmHg. There are three main types of glaucoma: open-angle, closed-angle, and normal/low tension glaucoma. Treatment involves eye drops that either decrease aqueous fluid production or increase outflow to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage.
Glaucoma basics and pcg
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy where there is loss of retinal ganglion cells resulting in irreversible blindness if left untreated. It is often asymptomatic in the early stages and is a major cause of blindness. While elevated intraocular pressure is a strong risk factor, glaucoma can occur without elevated pressure. It is diagnosed through evaluation of the optic nerve, retinal nerve fiber layer, and visual fields. Treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure and slow disease progression to preserve vision.
classification and management of glaucoma.pptx
This document discusses the classification and management of glaucoma. It begins by defining glaucoma as a condition caused by intraocular pressure that is detrimental to the eye and can lead to visual field changes and optic nerve damage. Intraocular pressure reduction is the only modifiable factor that can arrest or prevent glaucoma progression. The document then describes the layers of the optic nerve, defines visual fields, and lists criteria for typical glaucomatous visual field defects. It also discusses glaucoma in specific conditions like myopia, after LASIK, and with increased episcleral venous pressure. The management of glaucoma involves evaluating the intraocular pressure, gonioscopy, OCT, visual fields, and optic nerve
Glaucoma
This document provides information about glaucoma, including:
- Glaucoma is characterized by loss of vision due to damage to the optic nerve, usually caused by elevated intraocular pressure. Vision loss from glaucoma is irreversible.
- While elevated IOP is a major risk factor, not all glaucoma involves high pressure, and many people with elevated pressure never develop glaucoma.
- There are several types of glaucoma including open-angle glaucoma (POAG), angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and secondary glaucomas caused by underlying conditions.
- Treatment depends on the type but may involve medications, laser treatment, or surgery to lower
GLAUCOMA.ppt
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by optic nerve damage due to increased intraocular pressure caused by blocked drainage of the aqueous humor in the eye. It is a leading cause of blindness and risk increases with age, especially between 45-65 years old. Glaucoma is managed through medication, laser treatment, or surgery to facilitate drainage of aqueous humor and maintain safe intraocular pressure to prevent further optic nerve damage and vision loss. Strict lifelong treatment adherence and monitoring is important for glaucoma management and vision preservation.
Glaucoma,topic 4 presentation
Glaucoma is a disease where the optic nerve dies, leading to irreversible vision loss. There are two main types - open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is more common and occurs when drainage of the aqueous humor is blocked, causing chronic high pressure in the eye. Closed-angle glaucoma is an emergency where the drainage angle suddenly closes, rapidly increasing pressure and damaging vision within hours if not treated. Treatment focuses on lowering pressure through eye drops or surgery.
Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma
Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy caused by an imbalance between the rate of aqueous humor formation and drainage, leading to damage of the optic nerve and loss of vision. It is defined as an intraocular pressure of over 21 mmHg. The aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary epithelium and normally drained through two routes - the conventional trabecular route which drains around 90% and the uveoscleral pathway which drains around 10%. Glaucoma is diagnosed by tonometry and treated through lifelong drug therapy, laser treatment, or surgery to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further vision loss.
Glaucoma
This document provides information about glaucoma, including its definition, types, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Glaucoma is a disease that damages the eye's optic nerve, usually caused by fluid buildup in the front of the eye that increases pressure. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma, which accounts for over 90% of cases. Risk factors include age over 40, eye injuries or surgeries, and family history. Diagnosis involves measuring eye pressure and examining the optic nerve. Management includes medical treatments like eye drops to lower pressure, laser surgeries to improve drainage, and lifestyle changes like diet.
Glaucoma
this slide is mainly helpful for b.sc nursing students..they can get a brife idea n knowladge about glaucoma.thank you.
Glaucoma associated with ocular trauma and intraocular haemorrhage,inflammatory
Glaucoma can develop due to ocular trauma, inflammation, or intraocular hemorrhage. Trauma-induced glaucoma is caused by angle recession, uveal effusion, or proliferative changes in the trabecular meshwork. Intraocular hemorrhage like hyphema can lead to glaucoma if blood cells obstruct the outflow tract. Inflammatory glaucoma occurs when inflammatory cells or debris block the trabecular meshwork, as seen in conditions like sarcoidosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Management involves medical treatment, laser trabeculoplasty, or filtering surgeries depending on the underlying cause and severity of glau
Acute Rise in IOP (Dr. Rasha, senior resident of ophthalmology)
There are several potential causes of acute increases in intraocular pressure (IOP), including glaucomatocyclitic crisis (Posner-Schlossman syndrome), inflammatory open-angle glaucoma, retrobulbar hemorrhage or inflammation, traumatic glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, plateau iris syndrome, and malignant glaucoma. IOP increases above 40mmHg can rapidly damage the optic nerve and cause permanent vision loss within hours. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but generally involves topical medications to lower IOP such as beta-blockers, alpha-2 agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as well as systemic therapies like oral acetazol
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Glaucoma associated with ocular trauma and intraocular haemorrhage,inflammatory
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This document presents recommendations from the Eighth Joint National Committee for the management of high blood pressure in adults. It finds that pharmacologic treatment should be initiated for hypertension at or over certain blood pressure thresholds. It recommends treating to specific blood pressure goals based on age and health status. Initial treatment should include certain classes of antihypertensive drugs, particularly thiazide-type diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors or ARB's. The recommendations seek to lower blood pressure and improve health outcomes through an evidence-based approach to hypertension management.
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Glaucoma bb dr.somboon eye
- 2. Cause of BlindnessCause of Blindness
- 3. It is a group of diseases in which damage to the retinal ganglion cell caused by raised intraocular pressure
- 8. Aqueous Humor Dynamics Produced by non-pigmented epitheliaProduced by non-pigmented epithelia of pars plicataof pars plicata SecretionSecretion UltrafiltrationUltrafiltration DiffusionDiffusion Aqueous production rate - 2µL/minAqueous production rate - 2µL/min Facility of outflow – 0.22µL/min/mmFacility of outflow – 0.22µL/min/mm of Hgof Hg
- 9. Factor Affect IOPFactor Affect IOP AgeAge RACERACE Family historyFamily history ExerciseExercise DrugDrug Refractive errorRefractive error InflammationInflammation SurgerySurgery
- 10. Normal IOPNormal IOP Mean= 15.9mmHg ± 2 SD IOP > 21 is abnormal.
- 11. Tonometers Goldmann Contact applanation Perkins Portable contact applanation Pulsair 2000 (Keeler)Air-puff Schiotz Portable non-contact applanationNon-contact indentation Contact indentation Tono-Pen portable contact applanation
- 13. STRUCTURE /FUNCTION EVALUATIONSTRUCTURE /FUNCTION EVALUATION
- 14. THE VISUAL FIELDTHE VISUAL FIELD Humphrey automated perimetry
- 17. Ocular hypertensionOcular hypertension IOP higher than normal in the absence ofIOP higher than normal in the absence of optic nerve damage or visual field lossoptic nerve damage or visual field loss 10% turn to glaucoma in 5 years10% turn to glaucoma in 5 years
- 18. TreatmentTreatment Beta blocker : 0.5% timololBeta blocker : 0.5% timolol Alpha agonist : brimonidineAlpha agonist : brimonidine Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor :Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor : dorsolamide,acetazolamidedorsolamide,acetazolamide Prostaglandin :Prostaglandin : latanoprost,bimatoprost,travaprostlatanoprost,bimatoprost,travaprost
- 19. GLAUCOMAGLAUCOMA Surgical treatment of glaucomaSurgical treatment of glaucoma Argon laserArgon laser trabeculoplastytrabeculoplasty FiltrationFiltration proceduresprocedures
- 21. ScreeningScreening Age > 40Age > 40 Family historyFamily history Underlying disease DM HT CRF etcUnderlying disease DM HT CRF etc On medicationOn medication History of traumaHistory of trauma Sign and symptom suspected glaucomaSign and symptom suspected glaucoma
- 22. QuestionQuestion