The document discusses Gigabit Ethernet, which provides a data rate of 1000 megabits per second. It evolved from earlier Ethernet standards of 10 megabits per second and 100 megabits per second. The IEEE 802 project established standards for local area networks including Ethernet. Gigabit Ethernet maintains compatibility with standard Ethernet by using the same frame format and addresses. It supports full-duplex communication at high speeds over different connection types such as fiber optic cables and twisted pair wiring.

1. Presented by:-
Jitendra Kumar Baroliya
ME CSE II Spell 2019
Roll No.-191402
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GIGABIT ETHERNET

2. Outline
• What is Ethernet
• Evolution of Ethernet
• IEEE Project 802
• Ethernet Frame Structure
• Introduction to Gigabit Ethernet
• Gigabit Ethernet Architecture
• Advantage and Disadvantage
• References
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3. What is Ethernet
• Ethernet is the physical and data link layer
technology for LAN.
• It was developed by Robert Metcalfe in
1980’s
• The first generation support maximum
10mbps
• Second generation fast Ethernet support
maximum 100mbps
• Third generation Gigabit Ethernet
provides a data rate of 1000mbps 1/1/2020
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4. Evolution of Ethernet
• Ethernet was developed at Xerox PARC between 1973
and 1974.
• It was inspired by ALOHA net, which Robert
Metcalfe had studied as part of his PhD .
• The idea was first documented in a memo that Metcalfe
wrote on May 22, 1973, where he named it after
the aluminiferous ather.
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A drawing of first Ethernet by Metcalf

5. Evolution of Ethernet
ETHERNET
EVOLUTION
STANDARD
ETHERNET
FAST
ETHERNET
GIGABIT
ETHERNET
10 GIGABIT
ETHERNET
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10 MBPS 100 MBPS 1GBPS 10GBPS
Ethernet Evolutions Through Four Generations

6. IEEE PROJECT 802
• 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a
project, called Project 802, to set standards to
enable intercommunication among equipment
from a variety of manufacturers.
• Project 802 is a way of specifying functions of the
physical layer and the data link layer of major
LAN protocols.
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7. IEEE PROJECT 802
UPPER LAYERS
DATA LINK LAYER
PHYSICAL LAYER
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UPPER LAYERS
LOGICAL LINK CONTROL
ETHERNET
MAC
TOKEN RING
MAC
TOKEN BUS
MAC
ETHERNET
PHYSICAL
LAYER
TOKEN RING
PHYSICAL
LAYER
TOKEN BUS
PHYSICAL
LAYER
TRANSMISSION MEDIA TRANSMISSION MEDIA
IEEE STANDARD FOR LAN

8. Ethernet Frame Structure
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9. Gigabit Ethernet
• Upgrade the data rate to 1
Gbps.
• Make it compatible with
standard Ethernet.
• Use the same 48 bit
address.
• Use the same frame format.
• Keep the minimum and
maximum frame length
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10. Gigabit Ethernet Architecture (803.3z)
Gigabit Ethernet addresses the two lowest layer of the OSI Model:
• Layer 2 : The data link layer which describe how data are organized
into frames and sent over the network.
• Layer 1 : The physical layer which describes the network medium and
signaling specifications.
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11. Medium Access Control(MAC)
• The MAC layer of Gigabit Ethernet use same
CSMA/CD protocol as Ethernet .
• Gigabit Ethernet maintain maximum and
minimum frame size of Ethernet.
• Gigabit Ethernet use a bigger slot size of 512
bytes.
Its work in two modes:
• Half Duplex – Rarely used
• Full Duplex Mode – Central switch connected to
all computer and in the full duplex mode there is
no collision.
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12. MAC LAYER
• Carrier extension :- for longer network we allow
the minimum frame size up to 512 byte.
• Maximum length of the network can be
increased.
• Frame bursting :- if we have a short frame to
send each frames carries redundant data.
• Instead adding extension to each frame we send
multiple frames.
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13. Gigabit Media Independent Interface
• The GMII is the interface between the MAC layer and the physical layer. it
allow any physical layer to be used.
• Its extension of MII(Media Independent Interface) of fast Ethernet.
• Its provide separate 8 bit data path for receive and transmit data(for full
duplex mode).
• Its provide 2 media signal one indicate the presence of carrier and another for
absence of collision.
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14. GMII
GMII is divided into three sub layers:
• PCS(physical coding sub layer ):- Its provide uniform
interface to all physical media.
• PMA(physical media attachment):- This layer
serialize code group for transmission.
• PMD(physical media dependent):- Its maps the
physical medium to the PCS and also provide
sampling used for various media .
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15. PHYSICAL LAYERS
• Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP-5): 4 pair
• Shielded Twisted Pair
• Multimode Fiber :50mm and 62.mm
• Single Mode Fiber
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16. IEEE 802.3 Gigabit Ethernet Specifications
802.3z
• 1000BASE-CX
(short-haul copper)
• 1000BASE-LX (long-
wavelength optics)
• 1000BASE-SX (short-
wavelength optics)
802.3ab
• 1000BASE-T
(twisted pair)
• 1000BASE-LH
(long-haul)
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17. Advantages
• Increase bandwidth for higher performance.
• Full duplex capacity allowing data to be
transmitted and received at the time so that
effective bandwidth is virtually doubled.
• Provide full compatibility with large installed
base of Ethernet nodes.
• Low cost ownership.
• Transfer large amount of data across the
network quickly.
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18. Disadvantages
• Not originally designed to support real
time voice and video traffic.
• Cannot prioritize traffic to deliver effective
Class of services (Cos).
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19. References
• Gigabit Ethernet: From 100 to 1000 Mbps Howard
Frazier, J. Howard Johnson Published in IEEE Internet
Computing 1999DOI:10.1109/4236.74731.
• data communication and networking forouzan
5th edition (book)
• computer networks Andrew s. tanenbaum
(book)
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