Giardia lamblia presentation
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Giardia lamblia presentation seminar to giardia lamlblia in iraq/kurdistan / erbil. MLT department to polytechnic university
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Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia is also known as Lamblia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis
It is a flagellated parasite that colonizes and reproduces in the small intestine, causing giardiasis.
Giardia M,S
Giardia lamblia is an intestinal single-celled parasite with two stages: the trophozoite stage and cyst stage. It infects the duodenum and jejunum through a fecal-oral transmission route when ingesting contaminated food or water. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, gas or bloating. Diagnosis can be made through fecal examination or duodenal fluid examination to detect trophozoites or cysts. Treatment typically involves medications like metronidazole for 5-10 days, which eradicates the infection in over 85% of cases.
Gardiasis presentation
Giardiasis is caused by the Giardia intestinalis parasite. It is a common intestinal infection spread through ingestion of cysts from contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis is made through examination of stool samples microscopically or through antigen testing. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole. Prevention focuses on proper hygiene and sanitation practices like handwashing. Giardiasis is found worldwide but is more common in areas with poor sanitation.
Giardia lamblia
The document discusses Giardia lamblia (also known as Giardia intestinalis), a protozoan parasite that infects the small intestine and causes giardiasis. It was first observed microscopically in 1681. It attaches to the small intestine epithelium and reproduces via binary fission. The life cycle involves ingestion of dormant cysts found in contaminated water or food, which excyst in the intestine to the active trophozoite stage before becoming cysts again. Symptoms include diarrhea. Laboratory diagnosis involves detecting cysts or trophozoites microscopically in stool samples. Treatment involves medications like metronidazole or tinidazole.
Microfilariae (Wuchereria Bancrofti)
Wuchereria Bancrofti, the adult worm or parasites and its embryo microfilariae . The studies of microbiology. Its about Introduction, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Giardia lamblia
This document discusses Giardia lamblia, a unicellular parasite that causes giardiasis. Some key points:
- G. lamblia was first observed by Van Leeuwenhoek in 1681 and causes traveler's diarrhea or beaver fever. It inhabits the small intestine as a trophozoite attached to the mucosa.
- The infective stage is the cyst, which is ingested through contaminated food or water or from contact with infected flies or food handlers. The cyst contains 4 nuclei and can survive outside the host.
- Symptoms of giardiasis include diarrhea, flatulence, and greasy stool. The infection is common in children. The
INFECTION WITH MALARIA PARASITES Plasmodium Spp.
1) Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium that is transmitted via the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. There are four species that cause malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale. P. falciparum causes the most severe disease.
2) Symptoms of malaria include fever, chills, and flu-like illness that occurs in cyclical waves. P. falciparum infections can progress to severe complications affecting the brain, lungs and kidneys if not promptly treated.
3) Diagnosis is made through microscopic examination of blood smears to detect the parasite, and treatment involves ant
Special stains
1. The document discusses various staining techniques used to visualize bacterial structures like flagella, capsules, and endospores under a microscope.
2. It describes the Leifson and Ryu staining methods for flagella, which use basic fuchsin and crystal violet dyes respectively. India ink is also discussed for negatively staining capsules against a black background.
3. The most common endospore staining technique mentioned is the Schaeffer-Fulton method, which uses malachite green as the primary stain and safranin as the counterstain to show spores green and vegetative cells red.
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Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia is also known as Lamblia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis
It is a flagellated parasite that colonizes and reproduces in the small intestine, causing giardiasis.
Giardia M,S
Giardia lamblia is an intestinal single-celled parasite with two stages: the trophozoite stage and cyst stage. It infects the duodenum and jejunum through a fecal-oral transmission route when ingesting contaminated food or water. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, gas or bloating. Diagnosis can be made through fecal examination or duodenal fluid examination to detect trophozoites or cysts. Treatment typically involves medications like metronidazole for 5-10 days, which eradicates the infection in over 85% of cases.
Gardiasis presentation
Giardiasis is caused by the Giardia intestinalis parasite. It is a common intestinal infection spread through ingestion of cysts from contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis is made through examination of stool samples microscopically or through antigen testing. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole. Prevention focuses on proper hygiene and sanitation practices like handwashing. Giardiasis is found worldwide but is more common in areas with poor sanitation.
Giardia lamblia
The document discusses Giardia lamblia (also known as Giardia intestinalis), a protozoan parasite that infects the small intestine and causes giardiasis. It was first observed microscopically in 1681. It attaches to the small intestine epithelium and reproduces via binary fission. The life cycle involves ingestion of dormant cysts found in contaminated water or food, which excyst in the intestine to the active trophozoite stage before becoming cysts again. Symptoms include diarrhea. Laboratory diagnosis involves detecting cysts or trophozoites microscopically in stool samples. Treatment involves medications like metronidazole or tinidazole.
Microfilariae (Wuchereria Bancrofti)
Wuchereria Bancrofti, the adult worm or parasites and its embryo microfilariae . The studies of microbiology. Its about Introduction, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Giardia lamblia
This document discusses Giardia lamblia, a unicellular parasite that causes giardiasis. Some key points:
- G. lamblia was first observed by Van Leeuwenhoek in 1681 and causes traveler's diarrhea or beaver fever. It inhabits the small intestine as a trophozoite attached to the mucosa.
- The infective stage is the cyst, which is ingested through contaminated food or water or from contact with infected flies or food handlers. The cyst contains 4 nuclei and can survive outside the host.
- Symptoms of giardiasis include diarrhea, flatulence, and greasy stool. The infection is common in children. The
INFECTION WITH MALARIA PARASITES Plasmodium Spp.
1) Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium that is transmitted via the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. There are four species that cause malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale. P. falciparum causes the most severe disease.
2) Symptoms of malaria include fever, chills, and flu-like illness that occurs in cyclical waves. P. falciparum infections can progress to severe complications affecting the brain, lungs and kidneys if not promptly treated.
3) Diagnosis is made through microscopic examination of blood smears to detect the parasite, and treatment involves ant
Special stains
1. The document discusses various staining techniques used to visualize bacterial structures like flagella, capsules, and endospores under a microscope.
2. It describes the Leifson and Ryu staining methods for flagella, which use basic fuchsin and crystal violet dyes respectively. India ink is also discussed for negatively staining capsules against a black background.
3. The most common endospore staining technique mentioned is the Schaeffer-Fulton method, which uses malachite green as the primary stain and safranin as the counterstain to show spores green and vegetative cells red.
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Molecular techniques for the study and diagnosis of parasite infection
The document discusses various molecular techniques used for the diagnosis of parasite infections, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, Luminex technology, random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and microsatellite markers. These techniques provide high sensitivity and specificity for detecting parasites compared to conventional diagnostic methods and help in areas like identification of species, epidemiological studies, treatment monitoring, and understanding pathogenesis.
Giardiasis
Giardia lamblia, also known as Giardia intestinalis, is a flagellated parasite that infects the small intestine. It attaches to the intestinal epithelium where it remains confined and reproduces, causing symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Giardia spreads primarily through ingestion of contaminated water or food. While the trophozoite form was first observed in 1681, outbreaks continue to occur where sanitation is poor. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole taken orally for 5-10 days.
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Giardiasis
Giardia is a microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. It infects the small intestine and is one of the most common causes of waterborne illness in the US. The parasite spreads through ingesting cysts from contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis is through examination of stool samples and treatment involves antibiotics such as metronidazole. Giardiasis is highly contagious and preventing transmission involves proper handwashing and water treatment.
Leishmania presented by Mahesh
Leishmania is a genus of protozoan parasites that cause leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease transmitted by sandflies. It is endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia and South America. There are several species that cause different clinical manifestations depending on the part of the body affected. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs while cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis affect the skin and mucous membranes. The parasite has two forms - amastigotes found inside host cells and promastigotes found in the sandfly vector. There is no vaccine and treatment involves drugs like pentavalent antimonials or amphotericin B. Control relies on reducing vector populations
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2. It covers their classification, structure, life cycles, modes of infection, clinical manifestations like primary amoebic meningoencephalitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.
3. The summary also discusses their diagnosis through microscopy, culture, molecular and imaging techniques as well as challenges in treatment.
Giardia+Entamoeba
Giardia lamblia is an intestinal parasite with two stages - the trophozoite stage which inhabits the small intestine, and the cyst stage which is excreted and can contaminate water and food. It causes giardiasis through the fecal-oral route. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples microscopically for trophozoites or cysts. Treatment typically involves metronidazole antibiotics for 5-10 days to eradicate the parasite in over 85% of cases. Prevention focuses on proper hygiene and water treatment to avoid contamination.
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides stercoralis, also known as the dwarf threadworm or military worm, is a parasitic roundworm that infects the small intestine. It was first discovered in the feces of French soldiers in 1876. The parasite has a direct life cycle within the human host and an optional free-living cycle in the environment. Transmission occurs through skin contact with filariform larvae in soil. Light infections may be asymptomatic, while heavier infections can cause gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples under a microscope or using concentration techniques to find rhabditiform larvae.
Giardia
Giardia duodenalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis. It has both a trophozoite and cyst stage. The trophozoite lives in the small intestine where it attaches to epithelial cells and feeds on mucus, interfering with absorption. It can cause diarrhea and malabsorption. The cyst forms when trophozoites pass through the large intestine and are excreted in feces. Cysts are hardy and infect new hosts when ingested. Giardiasis is common worldwide and transmitted through contaminated water. Treatment involves metronidazole antibiotics.
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
This document provides information on Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis in humans. It discusses the organism's classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Key points include:
- E. histolytica lives in the large intestine and can cause intestinal amoebiasis or spread to the liver to cause amoebic liver abscess.
- It has three stages - trophozoite, pre-cystic and cystic. Cysts are the infective form passed in feces.
- Infection occurs by ingesting cysts which excyst in the intestine. Trophozoites multiply
Leishmania
This document discusses Leishmania, the protozoan parasite that causes Leishmaniasis. It is transmitted by sandflies. Leishmaniasis is the second largest parasitic killer in the world after malaria. The document describes the classification, morphology, life cycle, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of Leishmania parasites and the diseases they cause. Key points covered include the different Leishmania species, the diseases they cause (visceral, cutaneous, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis), their diagnosis using blood smears, splenic aspirates or lymph node samples, and their treatment with drugs such as sodium stibogluconate or amphotericin B.
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Leptospira
Leptospira is a spirochete bacteria that can cause leptospirosis in humans. There are pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains, with L. interrogans being the primary human pathogen containing 26 serogroups. Infection typically occurs through contact with water contaminated by the urine of infected rodents. Symptoms include fever, jaundice, and hemorrhaging. Laboratory diagnosis involves dark-field microscopy, culture, serological tests, and animal inoculation to identify the infecting serotype. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin and tetracycline.
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This document discusses the approach to a patient presenting with acute diarrhea, which is defined as 3-4 loose stools per day lasting less than 2 weeks. The most common causes are infections (90%), with inflammatory causes including Shigella, Salmonella, and Clostridium difficile. The history should inquire about travel, food, and medication exposures. The exam evaluates for dehydration by checking vital signs and skin turgor. Rehydration is the primary treatment, using oral rehydration solution for mild to moderate cases and IV fluids for severe dehydration. Antibiotics may be used for inflammatory cases while anti-diarrheals are only suitable for mild non-inflammatory diarrhea. Prevention involves
Approach to the Patient of Acute Diarrhea
This document discusses the approach to a patient presenting with acute diarrhea. It defines diarrhea and lists the most common causes as infections (90%), food intolerance, and drugs. Infectious diarrhea can be inflammatory (caused by bacteria like Shigella, Salmonella) or non-inflammatory (caused by viruses like rotavirus). The history should inquire about travel, food/water exposure, and drug use. The exam evaluates for dehydration by checking vital signs and skin pinch test. Management involves oral rehydration and antibiotics only for inflammatory cases. Prevention emphasizes handwashing and drinking boiled water.
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Giardia lamblia, also known as Giardia intestinalis, is a flagellated parasite that infects the small intestine. It attaches to the intestinal epithelium where it remains confined and reproduces, causing symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Giardia spreads primarily through ingestion of contaminated water or food. While the trophozoite form was first observed in 1681, outbreaks continue to occur where sanitation is poor. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole taken orally for 5-10 days.
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Giardiasis
Giardia is a microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. It infects the small intestine and is one of the most common causes of waterborne illness in the US. The parasite spreads through ingesting cysts from contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis is through examination of stool samples and treatment involves antibiotics such as metronidazole. Giardiasis is highly contagious and preventing transmission involves proper handwashing and water treatment.
Leishmania presented by Mahesh
Leishmania is a genus of protozoan parasites that cause leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease transmitted by sandflies. It is endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia and South America. There are several species that cause different clinical manifestations depending on the part of the body affected. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs while cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis affect the skin and mucous membranes. The parasite has two forms - amastigotes found inside host cells and promastigotes found in the sandfly vector. There is no vaccine and treatment involves drugs like pentavalent antimonials or amphotericin B. Control relies on reducing vector populations
Free living amoebae
1. The document discusses various aspects of free-living amoebae (FLA) including Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., and Balamuthia mandrillaris.
2. It covers their classification, structure, life cycles, modes of infection, clinical manifestations like primary amoebic meningoencephalitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.
3. The summary also discusses their diagnosis through microscopy, culture, molecular and imaging techniques as well as challenges in treatment.
Giardia+Entamoeba
Giardia lamblia is an intestinal parasite with two stages - the trophozoite stage which inhabits the small intestine, and the cyst stage which is excreted and can contaminate water and food. It causes giardiasis through the fecal-oral route. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples microscopically for trophozoites or cysts. Treatment typically involves metronidazole antibiotics for 5-10 days to eradicate the parasite in over 85% of cases. Prevention focuses on proper hygiene and water treatment to avoid contamination.
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides stercoralis, also known as the dwarf threadworm or military worm, is a parasitic roundworm that infects the small intestine. It was first discovered in the feces of French soldiers in 1876. The parasite has a direct life cycle within the human host and an optional free-living cycle in the environment. Transmission occurs through skin contact with filariform larvae in soil. Light infections may be asymptomatic, while heavier infections can cause gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples under a microscope or using concentration techniques to find rhabditiform larvae.
Giardia
Giardia duodenalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis. It has both a trophozoite and cyst stage. The trophozoite lives in the small intestine where it attaches to epithelial cells and feeds on mucus, interfering with absorption. It can cause diarrhea and malabsorption. The cyst forms when trophozoites pass through the large intestine and are excreted in feces. Cysts are hardy and infect new hosts when ingested. Giardiasis is common worldwide and transmitted through contaminated water. Treatment involves metronidazole antibiotics.
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
This document provides information on Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis in humans. It discusses the organism's classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Key points include:
- E. histolytica lives in the large intestine and can cause intestinal amoebiasis or spread to the liver to cause amoebic liver abscess.
- It has three stages - trophozoite, pre-cystic and cystic. Cysts are the infective form passed in feces.
- Infection occurs by ingesting cysts which excyst in the intestine. Trophozoites multiply
Leishmania
This document discusses Leishmania, the protozoan parasite that causes Leishmaniasis. It is transmitted by sandflies. Leishmaniasis is the second largest parasitic killer in the world after malaria. The document describes the classification, morphology, life cycle, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of Leishmania parasites and the diseases they cause. Key points covered include the different Leishmania species, the diseases they cause (visceral, cutaneous, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis), their diagnosis using blood smears, splenic aspirates or lymph node samples, and their treatment with drugs such as sodium stibogluconate or amphotericin B.
Giardiasis
definition ,causative factor ,epidemiology ,signs and symptoms ,diagnosis ,differential diagnosis ,complications,treatment ,prognosis .prevention
Filariasis
This document summarizes information about lymphatic filariasis, which is caused by infection with nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. It affects over 120 million people globally. The life cycle involves transmission between humans and mosquitoes. Adult worms reside in human lymphatic vessels and nodes, producing microfilariae that circulate in blood mostly at night. This can lead to lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, lymphedema, and elephantiasis over time. Diagnosis involves detecting microfilariae or using immunological and molecular tests. Treatment is diethylcarbamazine to kill microfilariae and mosquito control to block transmission.
Corynebacteria by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
Corynebacteria are Gram-positive, non-motile bacteria that commonly include the pathogenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. C. diphtheriae causes the serious disease diphtheria through production of a powerful exotoxin. Diphtheria presents as a sore throat and formation of a pseudomembrane that can lead to airway obstruction. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and toxin testing. Treatment requires antibiotics and diphtheria antitoxin, while vaccination provides effective prevention of diphtheria.
Chlamydia & chlamydophila
This document provides an overview of Chlamydia and Chlamydophila, including their taxonomy, structure, growth cycle, and role in human disease. It describes how they are small, obligate intracellular bacteria that alternate between infectious elementary bodies and metabolically active reticulate bodies. Key points covered include how they infect epithelial cells and have a unique developmental cycle, as well as the different species and strains that cause diseases like trachoma, pneumonia, and sexually transmitted infections.
Serological test for virus identification
This presentation consist of detailed study of serological method of virus identification. Basically ELISA is vastly used for virus detection. Western blot method is used for HIV identification.
medical protozology introduction
This document provides an introduction to medical protozoology. It discusses parasites and medical parasitology, the types of hosts and parasites, and the relationships between hosts and parasites. It describes how parasites enter the human body and their various life cycles. It also provides an overview of the classification of protozoan parasites, discussing the four main groups - amoebae, flagellates, ciliates, and apicomplexa - and examples of parasites from each group.
Leptospira
Leptospira is a spirochete bacteria that can cause leptospirosis in humans. There are pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains, with L. interrogans being the primary human pathogen containing 26 serogroups. Infection typically occurs through contact with water contaminated by the urine of infected rodents. Symptoms include fever, jaundice, and hemorrhaging. Laboratory diagnosis involves dark-field microscopy, culture, serological tests, and animal inoculation to identify the infecting serotype. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin and tetracycline.
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Cryptosporidium hominis is a parasite with an infectious oocyst containing sporozoites that infect the gastrointestinal tract. It has a life cycle involving schizogony and production of gametocytes leading to oocysts shed in feces. Infection causes self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts but severe, worsening diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis is via stool examination and staining techniques. Treatment options include nitazoxanide and azithromycin. Cryptosporidiosis is found worldwide but prevalence is higher in developing countries, being transmitted through contaminated water and causing outbreaks where water treatment is insufficient.
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Malaria and giardiasis.by shravan
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Giardiasis is caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia inhabiting the human digestive tract. Symptoms include diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting and nutrient deficiency. Diagnosis is also through microscopic examination of stool samples. Boiling water and proper hand washing are recommended to prevent transmission.
Typhoid & c holera zaim
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Gastroenteritis is an infection of the small and large intestines that causes diarrhea and vomiting. In 2015, nearly 2 billion cases of gastroenteritis were observed worldwide, resulting in approximately 1.3 million deaths, with 80% of deaths occurring in India. Gastroenteritis can be caused by bacteria like E. coli and Campylobacter, parasites like Cryptosporidium and Giardia, or viruses. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Treatment involves oral rehydration, antibiotics in some bacterial cases, and managing symptoms. Prevention relies on proper hygiene and sanitation.
Cholera
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Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
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Giardia lamblia presentation
- 1. LAMBLIA Prepared by: 1- Jehad Yaqoob 2-Omer Ali 3-Sarkar Sardar
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Epidemiology Pathogenesis Life cycle Signs & symptoms Diagnosis Transmission Who is at Risk? Treatment Prevention
- 3. INTRODUCTION Giardia Lamblia Morphology History and distribution
- 4. INTRODUCTION
- 5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
- 6. PATHOGENESIS
- 7. PATHOGENESIS
- 10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Watery diarrhea Abdominal cramp Weight loss Vomiting Enteropathy in Chronic giardiasis Steatorrhea ...etc.
- 12. DIAGNOSIS Direct or indirect microscopical stool examination Immunofluoroscent for antigens ELISA for antigens or antibodies PCR Histological section for enteropathy
- 14. TRANSMISSION Ingestion of contaminated food and water Person-to-person contact homosexually transported
- 15. WHO IS AT RISK? Children People without access to safe drinking water. Homosex
- 17. TREATMENT Metronidazole Tinidazole Furuzolidone and nitazoxamide are preferred in children. Parmomycin, for symptomatic pregnant females.
- 19. PREVENTION Wash your hands Purify wilderness water Keep your mouth closed Use bottled or boiled water Avoid homosex
- 20. KEY POINTS Giardia is the only protozoan parasite found in the lumen of the human small intestine (duodenum and jejunum). Trophozoites are pearshaped bilaterally symmetrical with 2 nuclei, 4 pairs of fl agella, and a ventral concave sucking disc. They exhibit motility resembling a ‘falling leaf’. Ellipsoid cysts contain 4 nuclei with remnants of flagella. Infective form: Ellipsoid cysts. Clinical features: Mostly asymptomatic but in some cases may cause diarrhea, dull epigastric pain, and malabsorption. Stool contains excess mucus but no blood. Diagnosis: By microscopic demonstration of trophozoites or cysts in stool, enterotest, and serodiagnosis by ELISA (ProSpec T/Giardia antigen assay). Treatment: Metronidazole and tinidazole are the drugs of choice.