The document summarizes the Ghadar movement, Rowlatt Act, and Jallianwala Bagh massacre. It provides background on the Ghadar party formed in 1913 in the US to organize Indian students and spread nationalist ideas. It discusses the party's activities in smuggling arms and inciting mutiny. The Rowlatt Act of 1919 gave the British sweeping powers to crack down on political dissent. This led to protests in Amritsar where troops fired on a peaceful crowd in Jallianwala Bagh, killing hundreds in the massacre. The event galvanized Indian nationalism and the independence movement.
INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT
1857Revolt
Jallianwala bhag
khilafat movement
rawlet act
Non cooperation
Round table conference
Cabinet mission, Mound batten act
The document summarizes the growth of nationalism in India under British colonial rule. It discusses how the First World War created economic hardships and political unrest in India. Mahatma Gandhi introduced the idea of non-violent civil disobedience or satyagraha to peacefully resist colonial oppression. This led to early movements of satyagraha and the non-cooperation movement, which involved boycotts of British goods and institutions. However, the movement also faced repression from the British, such as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919. The movement spread nationalism across urban and rural areas of India in the early 1920s.
1. In 1919, British officials in Amritsar arrested nationalist leaders which led thousands of Indians to gather in Jallianwala Bagh to protest.
2. Brigadier General Dyer arrived with soldiers and blocked the garden's only exit. Without warning, he ordered his men to fire at the largely peaceful crowd, killing close to 1000 people.
3. The massacre accentuated political awakening in India and led to the country's eventual independence from Britain. A young witness to the event later assassinated the governor of Punjab to avenge those killed.
Indian nationalism refers to the many underlying forces that defined the principles of the Indian independence movement, and strongly continue to influence the politics of India, as well as being the heart of many contrasting ideologies that have caused ethnic and religious conflict in Indian society. Indian nationalism often imbibes the consciousness of Indians that prior to 1947, India embodied the broader Indian subcontinent and influenced a part of Asia, known as Greater India.
The document summarizes Gandhi's introduction and use of satyagraha in India. It describes the principles of satyagraha and provides details of Gandhi's first satyagraha movement in Champaran in 1916. Gandhi investigated the exploitation of indigo plantation workers in Champaran and organized nonviolent protests and civil disobedience. This resulted in an agreement granting workers greater compensation and control over their farming. The Champaran satyagraha proved successful and established Gandhi and the satyagraha approach in India's independence movement.
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the revolt of 1857 in India against British rule. It lists economic, political, social, religious, and military causes for the revolt. A major cause was the fear that Britain wanted to destroy Indian religion and impose Christianity. The revolt began small in Meerut over greased gun cartridges but then grew, spreading to many areas. Important leaders of the revolt included Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi and Bahadur Shah Zafar in Delhi. After suppressing the revolt, Britain took direct control of India from the East India Company and Queen Victoria became Empress of India.
This document provides an overview of Mahatma Gandhi and the national movement in India. It discusses Gandhi's life and influence, including his time in South Africa which shaped his philosophy of non-violence. It then summarizes the key movements and events led by Gandhi, including the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and interactions with the British government including the Round Table Conferences. The document outlines Gandhi's strategies of non-violence, truth, passive resistance and mass participation that helped mobilize the Indian people and put pressure on the British to work towards independence.
INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT
1857Revolt
Jallianwala bhag
khilafat movement
rawlet act
Non cooperation
Round table conference
Cabinet mission, Mound batten act
The document summarizes the growth of nationalism in India under British colonial rule. It discusses how the First World War created economic hardships and political unrest in India. Mahatma Gandhi introduced the idea of non-violent civil disobedience or satyagraha to peacefully resist colonial oppression. This led to early movements of satyagraha and the non-cooperation movement, which involved boycotts of British goods and institutions. However, the movement also faced repression from the British, such as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919. The movement spread nationalism across urban and rural areas of India in the early 1920s.
1. In 1919, British officials in Amritsar arrested nationalist leaders which led thousands of Indians to gather in Jallianwala Bagh to protest.
2. Brigadier General Dyer arrived with soldiers and blocked the garden's only exit. Without warning, he ordered his men to fire at the largely peaceful crowd, killing close to 1000 people.
3. The massacre accentuated political awakening in India and led to the country's eventual independence from Britain. A young witness to the event later assassinated the governor of Punjab to avenge those killed.
Indian nationalism refers to the many underlying forces that defined the principles of the Indian independence movement, and strongly continue to influence the politics of India, as well as being the heart of many contrasting ideologies that have caused ethnic and religious conflict in Indian society. Indian nationalism often imbibes the consciousness of Indians that prior to 1947, India embodied the broader Indian subcontinent and influenced a part of Asia, known as Greater India.
The document summarizes Gandhi's introduction and use of satyagraha in India. It describes the principles of satyagraha and provides details of Gandhi's first satyagraha movement in Champaran in 1916. Gandhi investigated the exploitation of indigo plantation workers in Champaran and organized nonviolent protests and civil disobedience. This resulted in an agreement granting workers greater compensation and control over their farming. The Champaran satyagraha proved successful and established Gandhi and the satyagraha approach in India's independence movement.
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the revolt of 1857 in India against British rule. It lists economic, political, social, religious, and military causes for the revolt. A major cause was the fear that Britain wanted to destroy Indian religion and impose Christianity. The revolt began small in Meerut over greased gun cartridges but then grew, spreading to many areas. Important leaders of the revolt included Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi and Bahadur Shah Zafar in Delhi. After suppressing the revolt, Britain took direct control of India from the East India Company and Queen Victoria became Empress of India.
This document provides an overview of Mahatma Gandhi and the national movement in India. It discusses Gandhi's life and influence, including his time in South Africa which shaped his philosophy of non-violence. It then summarizes the key movements and events led by Gandhi, including the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and interactions with the British government including the Round Table Conferences. The document outlines Gandhi's strategies of non-violence, truth, passive resistance and mass participation that helped mobilize the Indian people and put pressure on the British to work towards independence.
The document discusses the spread of nationalism in India following 1919 and the development of the non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements. It explains how Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and used his concept of satyagraha, or non-violent resistance, to organize peasants and mill workers. In response to the Rowlatt Acts and Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Gandhi launched a nationwide non-cooperation movement in 1920 combining demands for self-rule and support of the Ottoman Khalifa. Different social groups participated in the movement with their own interpretations of swaraj or self-rule.
1) The document discusses the rise of nationalism and independence movements in India in the 1920s-1930s.
2) It highlights key events like the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the launch of the non-cooperation movement by Gandhi and the Khilafat movement.
3) Gandhi's civil disobedience movement gained momentum, culminating in the famous Salt March of 1930, which led to widespread protests and the arrest of 60,000 Indians by the British.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as the First War of Independence or the Sepoy Mutiny. Political, economic, social, religious, administrative and military causes led sepoys in Meerut to revolt in May 1857. The sepoys marched to Delhi and declared the Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar the emperor. Key cities like Delhi, Kanpur, and Jhansi joined the revolt led by figures like Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi. The revolt was eventually suppressed by July 1858 after the British brought superior resources and the native princes did not join. The revolt marked India's first effort for independence and led
Indian Freedom Struggle.
nationalism, Mass Mobilisation, Awakening, Gandhi Ji's Leadership, Martardoms, Mass movements, Divide and Rule, Hindu Muslim Clash, Division of India, India Pakistan, India as an independent nation, Chains of slavey broke, leadership in our own hands.
10th std Social Science - History Ch. 2. Nationalism in IndiaNavya Rai
10th std Social Science - History Ch. 2. Nationalism in India
Nationalism is loyalty and devotion to a Nation.
Modern nationalism was associated with the formation of nation-states.
In India like many other colonies, the growth of modern nationalism is connected to the anti- colonial movement.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 in India. The economic, social, political and military causes that led to the revolt are outlined. Key events including the initial outbreak in Meerut, the involvement of Bahadur Shah Zafar in Delhi, and uprisings led by Nanasaheb, Rani Lakshmibai and others are described. The document also discusses how the British eventually suppressed the revolt over two years and instituted reforms in governing India afterwards, including transferring power to the British Crown.
The document discusses the Salt March or Salt Satyagraha led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 against the British salt monopoly in India. Gandhi led a 24 day, 240 mile march from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal village of Dandi. On April 6, 1930, Gandhi broke the salt laws at Dandi, sparking large-scale civil disobedience across India. Millions defied the British salt laws, increasing support for independence. Though Gandhi continued southward producing salt, he was arrested just before a planned protest at Dharasana Salt Works on May 4-5, 1930. The nonviolent campaign significantly impacted world views of Indian independence.
The jallianwala bagh massacre presentationMonica Sharma
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre holds a very important place in India's struggle for Freedom .It not only triggered protests across the country but also led to the start of the Non Cooperation Movement
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in the town of Meerut over new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat. It soon spread to other areas, led by figures such as Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Lucknow. Although the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, it marked the end of East India Company rule in India and the direct governance of India by the British Crown.
The document summarizes Gandhi's first three Satyagraha movements in India: the 1916 Champaran movement against oppressive indigo plantations, the 1917 Kheda movement demanding a reduction in land revenue due to crop failure and plague, and the 1918 mill workers movement in Ahmedabad regarding low wages and poor working conditions. It also discusses key events in the Indian independence movement led by Gandhi, including the 1930 Salt Satyagraha March where Gandhi broke the salt law, and the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar where British troops fired on a peaceful protest killing over 1000 people.
The East India Company was formed in 1600 as a trading company to participate in the spice trade with East and Southeast Asia and India. It gained control over local rulers through a series of military conflicts and alliances in the 18th century. Key battles included Plassey (1757), Buxar (1764), and Anglo-Mysore Wars, resulting in the British controlling Bengal and expanding their territorial control. Resistance from Marathas and Sikhs was also defeated, allowing the British to consolidate political power over much of India by the mid-19th century.
Non Co-operation Movement by Gandhiji.sidcoolkoyal
The Non-Cooperation Movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi starting in 1920 in response to growing British oppression in India including the Rowlatt Act, Jalianwala Bagh massacre, and Indian soldiers dying in World War I while Britain exploited Indian wealth. The movement aimed to resist British rule through non-violence and was supported by the Indian National Congress. It lasted from 1920 to 1922 but was called off when a violent clash broke out in Chauri Chaura, leading Gandhi to fast and urge Indians to stop resisting. The movement boosted Indian industries, reduced foreign imports, and promoted khadi while ruining some British-backed industries.
Socialism in Europe and the Russian revolutionMUTHUKUMAR R
The document discusses socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. It describes the different groups in Russia in the early 20th century - liberals, who wanted representative government but not universal suffrage; radicals, who wanted more democratic reforms including women's right to vote; and conservatives, who resisted changes and wanted to preserve traditional forms of government. It then explains how the Russian Revolution in 1917 overthrew the Tsarist autocracy and established the Soviet Union under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin.
Quit India Movement was started on 9th August 1942.The Quit India Movement was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Gandhi’s call for immediate independence. The All India Congress Committee proclaimed a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "an orderly British withdrawal" from India. The call for determined, but passive resistance appears in his call to Do or Die, issued on 9th August at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai in the year 1942.
The document summarizes nationalism in India and the growth of the independence movement. It discusses how the First World War, Rowlatt Act, and Khilafat Movement led to increased unity against British rule. Mahatma Gandhi introduced the idea of satyagraha or nonviolent resistance. The non-cooperation movement was launched and spread across cities, rural areas, and plantations, though there were differing interpretations of independence. The movement faced repression from the British and was eventually suspended before being reignited through the Salt Satyagraha march and civil disobedience campaigns.
Nationalism grew in India during the early 20th century. The First World War imposed heavy economic burdens on India and led to famines. Gandhi launched satyagraha movements including the Non-Cooperation Movement against British rule. This involved boycotts and civil disobedience. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre and Rowlatt Act increased anger. Gandhi later led the Civil Disobedience Movement against British salt taxes, with millions participating in disobeying laws. Both movements saw varying levels of participation and had limitations but helped advance the independence movement.
The non-cooperation movement was launched in 1920 by Gandhi to protest British rule through nonviolent means like boycotting British institutions and goods. While it initially saw success with many joining, violence broke out in response to police action which caused Gandhi to suspend the movement in 1922. Though its immediate goals were not met, it helped unite Indians and demonstrated the power of nonviolent civil disobedience in the independence struggle.
The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 by the Indian National Congress to urge the British to leave India. Mahatma Gandhi gave a famous speech in Bombay calling for the British to "Quit India". Most Congress leaders were immediately arrested after the speech. This led to widespread protests and demonstrations across India. Although the movement turned violent in some places, Gandhi had urged non-violent civil disobedience. The movement weakened the British Raj and sped up the process towards India's independence in 1947.
Gandhi led a march from Sabarmati to Dandi to protest the British Salt Law. On April 6, 1930, Gandhi and 70 followers broke the law by making salt on the beach in Dandi, launching the Civil Disobedience Movement. This movement involved nonviolently breaking various laws and included boycotts. Though it failed to achieve independence, the movement united Indians and popularized Satyagraha, strengthening the freedom struggle.
India faced immense challenges after gaining independence in 1947, including accommodating millions of refugees from Pakistan and integrating princely states. The new nation had to address issues of unity given its religious, linguistic, and caste diversity while also tackling widespread poverty. The Indian Constitution, drafted between 1946-1949, established a democratic republic that guaranteed equality and reserved political representation for disadvantaged groups. However, economic and social inequalities persist six decades after independence.
The document provides details about Mahatma Gandhi's Salt March or Dandi March in 1930. It was a nonviolent protest against the British salt tax in India. Gandhi marched with followers from Ahmedabad to Dandi on the coast to illegally produce salt from the sea and break British laws, garnering widespread support for the independence movement. The march demonstrated Gandhi's strategy of nonviolent civil disobedience to protest unfair British policies affecting poor Indians.
The document summarizes the history of India's independence movement from the mid-1800s until independence in 1947. It describes major events like the 1857 rebellion, the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885, Gandhi's non-cooperation movement in the 1920s, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, the civil disobedience movement led by Gandhi in the 1930s, Subhash Chandra Bose leading the Indian National Army, and the Quit India Movement in 1942 which ultimately led to independence in 1947.
The document discusses the spread of nationalism in India following 1919 and the development of the non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements. It explains how Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and used his concept of satyagraha, or non-violent resistance, to organize peasants and mill workers. In response to the Rowlatt Acts and Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Gandhi launched a nationwide non-cooperation movement in 1920 combining demands for self-rule and support of the Ottoman Khalifa. Different social groups participated in the movement with their own interpretations of swaraj or self-rule.
1) The document discusses the rise of nationalism and independence movements in India in the 1920s-1930s.
2) It highlights key events like the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the launch of the non-cooperation movement by Gandhi and the Khilafat movement.
3) Gandhi's civil disobedience movement gained momentum, culminating in the famous Salt March of 1930, which led to widespread protests and the arrest of 60,000 Indians by the British.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as the First War of Independence or the Sepoy Mutiny. Political, economic, social, religious, administrative and military causes led sepoys in Meerut to revolt in May 1857. The sepoys marched to Delhi and declared the Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar the emperor. Key cities like Delhi, Kanpur, and Jhansi joined the revolt led by figures like Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi. The revolt was eventually suppressed by July 1858 after the British brought superior resources and the native princes did not join. The revolt marked India's first effort for independence and led
Indian Freedom Struggle.
nationalism, Mass Mobilisation, Awakening, Gandhi Ji's Leadership, Martardoms, Mass movements, Divide and Rule, Hindu Muslim Clash, Division of India, India Pakistan, India as an independent nation, Chains of slavey broke, leadership in our own hands.
10th std Social Science - History Ch. 2. Nationalism in IndiaNavya Rai
10th std Social Science - History Ch. 2. Nationalism in India
Nationalism is loyalty and devotion to a Nation.
Modern nationalism was associated with the formation of nation-states.
In India like many other colonies, the growth of modern nationalism is connected to the anti- colonial movement.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 in India. The economic, social, political and military causes that led to the revolt are outlined. Key events including the initial outbreak in Meerut, the involvement of Bahadur Shah Zafar in Delhi, and uprisings led by Nanasaheb, Rani Lakshmibai and others are described. The document also discusses how the British eventually suppressed the revolt over two years and instituted reforms in governing India afterwards, including transferring power to the British Crown.
The document discusses the Salt March or Salt Satyagraha led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 against the British salt monopoly in India. Gandhi led a 24 day, 240 mile march from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal village of Dandi. On April 6, 1930, Gandhi broke the salt laws at Dandi, sparking large-scale civil disobedience across India. Millions defied the British salt laws, increasing support for independence. Though Gandhi continued southward producing salt, he was arrested just before a planned protest at Dharasana Salt Works on May 4-5, 1930. The nonviolent campaign significantly impacted world views of Indian independence.
The jallianwala bagh massacre presentationMonica Sharma
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre holds a very important place in India's struggle for Freedom .It not only triggered protests across the country but also led to the start of the Non Cooperation Movement
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in the town of Meerut over new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat. It soon spread to other areas, led by figures such as Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Lucknow. Although the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, it marked the end of East India Company rule in India and the direct governance of India by the British Crown.
The document summarizes Gandhi's first three Satyagraha movements in India: the 1916 Champaran movement against oppressive indigo plantations, the 1917 Kheda movement demanding a reduction in land revenue due to crop failure and plague, and the 1918 mill workers movement in Ahmedabad regarding low wages and poor working conditions. It also discusses key events in the Indian independence movement led by Gandhi, including the 1930 Salt Satyagraha March where Gandhi broke the salt law, and the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar where British troops fired on a peaceful protest killing over 1000 people.
The East India Company was formed in 1600 as a trading company to participate in the spice trade with East and Southeast Asia and India. It gained control over local rulers through a series of military conflicts and alliances in the 18th century. Key battles included Plassey (1757), Buxar (1764), and Anglo-Mysore Wars, resulting in the British controlling Bengal and expanding their territorial control. Resistance from Marathas and Sikhs was also defeated, allowing the British to consolidate political power over much of India by the mid-19th century.
Non Co-operation Movement by Gandhiji.sidcoolkoyal
The Non-Cooperation Movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi starting in 1920 in response to growing British oppression in India including the Rowlatt Act, Jalianwala Bagh massacre, and Indian soldiers dying in World War I while Britain exploited Indian wealth. The movement aimed to resist British rule through non-violence and was supported by the Indian National Congress. It lasted from 1920 to 1922 but was called off when a violent clash broke out in Chauri Chaura, leading Gandhi to fast and urge Indians to stop resisting. The movement boosted Indian industries, reduced foreign imports, and promoted khadi while ruining some British-backed industries.
Socialism in Europe and the Russian revolutionMUTHUKUMAR R
The document discusses socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. It describes the different groups in Russia in the early 20th century - liberals, who wanted representative government but not universal suffrage; radicals, who wanted more democratic reforms including women's right to vote; and conservatives, who resisted changes and wanted to preserve traditional forms of government. It then explains how the Russian Revolution in 1917 overthrew the Tsarist autocracy and established the Soviet Union under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin.
Quit India Movement was started on 9th August 1942.The Quit India Movement was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Gandhi’s call for immediate independence. The All India Congress Committee proclaimed a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "an orderly British withdrawal" from India. The call for determined, but passive resistance appears in his call to Do or Die, issued on 9th August at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai in the year 1942.
The document summarizes nationalism in India and the growth of the independence movement. It discusses how the First World War, Rowlatt Act, and Khilafat Movement led to increased unity against British rule. Mahatma Gandhi introduced the idea of satyagraha or nonviolent resistance. The non-cooperation movement was launched and spread across cities, rural areas, and plantations, though there were differing interpretations of independence. The movement faced repression from the British and was eventually suspended before being reignited through the Salt Satyagraha march and civil disobedience campaigns.
Nationalism grew in India during the early 20th century. The First World War imposed heavy economic burdens on India and led to famines. Gandhi launched satyagraha movements including the Non-Cooperation Movement against British rule. This involved boycotts and civil disobedience. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre and Rowlatt Act increased anger. Gandhi later led the Civil Disobedience Movement against British salt taxes, with millions participating in disobeying laws. Both movements saw varying levels of participation and had limitations but helped advance the independence movement.
The non-cooperation movement was launched in 1920 by Gandhi to protest British rule through nonviolent means like boycotting British institutions and goods. While it initially saw success with many joining, violence broke out in response to police action which caused Gandhi to suspend the movement in 1922. Though its immediate goals were not met, it helped unite Indians and demonstrated the power of nonviolent civil disobedience in the independence struggle.
The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 by the Indian National Congress to urge the British to leave India. Mahatma Gandhi gave a famous speech in Bombay calling for the British to "Quit India". Most Congress leaders were immediately arrested after the speech. This led to widespread protests and demonstrations across India. Although the movement turned violent in some places, Gandhi had urged non-violent civil disobedience. The movement weakened the British Raj and sped up the process towards India's independence in 1947.
Gandhi led a march from Sabarmati to Dandi to protest the British Salt Law. On April 6, 1930, Gandhi and 70 followers broke the law by making salt on the beach in Dandi, launching the Civil Disobedience Movement. This movement involved nonviolently breaking various laws and included boycotts. Though it failed to achieve independence, the movement united Indians and popularized Satyagraha, strengthening the freedom struggle.
India faced immense challenges after gaining independence in 1947, including accommodating millions of refugees from Pakistan and integrating princely states. The new nation had to address issues of unity given its religious, linguistic, and caste diversity while also tackling widespread poverty. The Indian Constitution, drafted between 1946-1949, established a democratic republic that guaranteed equality and reserved political representation for disadvantaged groups. However, economic and social inequalities persist six decades after independence.
The document provides details about Mahatma Gandhi's Salt March or Dandi March in 1930. It was a nonviolent protest against the British salt tax in India. Gandhi marched with followers from Ahmedabad to Dandi on the coast to illegally produce salt from the sea and break British laws, garnering widespread support for the independence movement. The march demonstrated Gandhi's strategy of nonviolent civil disobedience to protest unfair British policies affecting poor Indians.
The document summarizes the history of India's independence movement from the mid-1800s until independence in 1947. It describes major events like the 1857 rebellion, the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885, Gandhi's non-cooperation movement in the 1920s, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, the civil disobedience movement led by Gandhi in the 1930s, Subhash Chandra Bose leading the Indian National Army, and the Quit India Movement in 1942 which ultimately led to independence in 1947.
The document summarizes India's journey to independence from British rule. It describes the various freedom struggles, rebellions, and movements led by national leaders like Mangal Pandey, Rani Laxmi Bai, Subhash Chandra Bose, Mahatma Gandhi, and Jawaharlal Nehru. Key events discussed include the 1857 revolt, the Non-Cooperation movement, the Dandi March, the Quit India movement, and India finally gaining independence on August 15, 1947.
The document summarizes key events in India's struggle for independence from British rule. It describes the founding of the Indian National Congress in 1885 to represent Indian interests to the British. It outlines the divide between moderate and extremist factions within the Congress. It also discusses major nonviolent resistance campaigns like the Swadeshi movement and Non-Cooperation Movement launched in response to oppressive British acts and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The arrival of Mahatma Gandhi in India in 1912 marked a shift towards nonviolent civil disobedience as the main strategy in the independence struggle.
The document summarizes the various stages of India's freedom struggle against British rule from 1857 to 1947. It describes the initial rebellion of 1857 as a failure that produced nationalist heroes. Nationalism grew due to factors like Western education and economic drain. Leaders like Tilak and Gandhi advocated for Swaraj. Gandhi's nonviolent campaigns like salt satyagraha and the quit India movement moved India towards independence. Revolutionary groups also engaged in armed resistance, and the Indian National Army fought under Subhash Chandra Bose.
Indian nationalism grew in the early 20th century led by the Indian National Congress and Muslim League. The Amritsar Massacre in 1919, where British troops fired on unarmed Indian protesters without warning killing hundreds, radicalized many Indians and turned them towards nationalism. Mohandas Gandhi emerged as a leader advocating nonviolence and civil disobedience. His tactics including boycotts and marches put economic pressure on Britain and increased calls for independence, though Britain only granted limited self-rule in 1935. Nationalism also grew in Southwest Asia after World War 1 as the Ottoman Empire collapsed and Western nations tried to dominate the oil-rich region, leading to the formation of the modern republics of Turkey, Iran, and the
Rowlatt Act known as the black bills were responsible for mobilizing the Indians against the British and the launch of Non Cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi
The document summarizes the key events and movements in India's path to independence from British rule between 1600-1947. It describes how the East India Company ruled from 1600-1858 before the British Raj from 1858-1947. It lists important freedom fighters like Gandhi, Nehru, and Bose who led movements such as the Dandi March, Noncooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, Satyagraha, and Quit India Movement to achieve independence. Finally, it notes that India gained independence on August 15, 1947 according to the Indian Independence Act.
The document summarizes the key events of the Non-Cooperation Movement in India led by Mahatma Gandhi between 1920-1922. It began as a nationwide nonviolent civil disobedience campaign demanding self-rule (swaraj) and opposing the Rowlatt Act. Indians resigned from government jobs, withdrew children from British schools, and boycotted British goods. The movement saw participation from peasants, tribals like Alluri Sitaraman Raju, and plantation workers, though their goals sometimes differed. Violence in Chauri Chaura led Gandhi to withdraw the movement in 1922 over disagreements.
The Hindustan Ghadar Party was formed in 1912 in the United States and Canada by Indian immigrants who were opposed to British rule in India. The party published a newspaper called Ghadar to propagate their message of revolution and armed revolt against the British. In 1915, the Ghadar Party attempted to spark an uprising in India by sending members back to India and making contact with regiments of the British Indian Army. However, the planned February 1915 uprising was unsuccessful and was suppressed by British authorities, with many Ghadar members arrested or executed.
The document provides an overview of India's struggle for independence from British rule through various freedom movements between 1857-1947. It describes several key movements including the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the Swadeshi Movement of 1905-1911, the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920-1922 led by Gandhi, the Quit India Movement of 1942, and the role of the Indian National Army. It also includes photos that capture important moments and figures from India's independence struggle.
O Nationalism in India grew in the late 19th century as the country faced political, social, and economic changes under British rule. Mohandas Gandhi emerged as a leader of the independence movement in the 1920s, advocating for nonviolent civil disobedience. Major events like the Amritsar Massacre and Salt March mobilized many Indians against British rule. While the British made some concessions, Gandhi and the Indian National Congress pushed for full independence, which was achieved in 1947.
Jallianwala Bagh is a public garden in Amritsar famous for one of the most tragic yet landmark events in the history of India. This is where the Amritsar Massacre of 1919 took place. This massacre exposed the inhuman approach of the British when the British troop cold-bloodedly open fire into an unarmed crowd without any warning by General Dyer which had assembled at enclosed park for the public meeting that was banned. There has built a memorial in the memory of peaceful people which has been marked as a national significant place in the Punjab state of India.
The growth of Indian nationalism accelerated after World War 1. Gandhi emerged as a leader of the masses and employed nonviolent civil disobedience campaigns like non-cooperation and salt marches to protest British rule. Tensions also grew between Hindu and Muslim communities, eventually leading to the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 amid widespread violence that displaced millions and took over a million lives. India and Pakistan gained independence but the partition came at tremendous human cost.
This document summarizes Gandhi's leadership of various non-violent resistance movements in British-ruled India, including the Non-Cooperation Movement, Salt Satyagraha, and Quit India Movement. It discusses how Gandhi drew from religious and philosophical influences to develop the concept of satyagraha, or non-violent civil disobedience. Key events discussed include the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Chauri Chaura incident, Dandi March, and Gandhi's calls for non-cooperation with British institutions and taxes. Overall, it examines Gandhi's pivotal role in shaping Indian nationalism and movements for independence through non-violent resistance.
Non-Cooperation Movement and Mahatma GandhiRahul Kumar
All that you need to know about the non-cooperation movement in 28 simple and easy to understand slides. This presentation can be used to improve what you will be speaking on the following topic. It also contains many supportive pictures and a video.
Hope you like it.
Designed and edited by Rahul Kumar (with just a little help from Ishaan Duggal).
Non-Cooperation Movement and Mahatma GandhiRahul Kumar
All that you need to know about the non-cooperation movement has been presented in one single presentation. Not only this, it has also been presented in bullets so that it becomes easy to remember and recollect.This presentation can also be presented in an easy way even by someone who reads it for the first time.
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This document summarizes the key events and movements related to the rise of Indian nationalism against British rule. It discusses how the First World War created economic hardships in India and led Gandhi to introduce non-violent civil disobedience movements like satyagraha. Major campaigns of this period included the Rowlatt Satyagraha, the Non-Cooperation Movement, and the Civil Disobedience Movement led by Gandhi. The document also examines the development of national symbols like the flag and the song "Vande Mataram" that helped foster a sense of common Indian identity and nationalism.
This document provides a detailed history of the Indian freedom struggle from 1857 to 1947. It discusses key events and figures in the movement, including the 1857 revolt, the birth of the Indian National Congress in 1885, and the leadership of Gandhi. Major nonviolent resistance campaigns are summarized, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement led by Gandhi, and the Dandi March. The document also outlines violent revolutionary acts by nationalist groups and the executions of revolutionary leaders like Bhagat Singh.
The document summarizes India's path to independence from British rule. It describes the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 and the early moderates who advocated for reforms. Tensions increased after the 1905 partition of Bengal, leading to nationalist movements like Swadeshi. Gandhi's arrival in 1915 influenced growing calls for independence through nonviolence. Major events like the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and subsequent non-cooperation movement increased opposition. Later campaigns including the quit India movement and involvement in World War 2 further weakened British control, culminating in India's independence in 1947.
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2. BACKGROUND OF THE GHADAR
PARTY
At the beginning of the 20th century, the burgeoning Indian
Independence Struggle had lead to a rise of nationalist sentiments
not just in the Indian subcontinent but also among students and
emigres around the world belonging to the same region.
Revolutionary intellectuals like Lala Har Dayal (Born on October 14,
1884) and Taraknath Das attempted to organize these students while
imparting nationalist ideas
The Ghadar Party, initially named the Pacific Coast Hindustan
Association was formed in was formed on 15 July 1913 in the
United States under the leadership of Lala Har Dayal.
The Ghadar party found a large support base among Indian
expatriates living in the United States, Canada, East Africa and
Asia.
3.
4. ACTIVITIES OF THE GHADAR PARTY
Upon the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, some members of the
Ghadar Party arrived in Punjab to foment an armed revolution for the
independence of India. They were also successful in smuggling arms and
inciting the Indian soldiers in the British Army to mutiny.
The resultant uprising, now known as the Ghadar Mutiny was harshly put
down by the British with 42 mutineers being executed following the
Lahore Conspiracy Case trial. Yet, the Ghadar Party continued their fight
against colonialism from 1914 to 1917, with the support of Imperial
Germany and the Ottoman Empire as both were part of the Central
Powers opposed to the British.
The party was built around the weekly paper The Ghadar.
Following the Komagata Maru Incident in 1914, a direct challenge to
Canadian anti-Indian immigration laws, several thousand Indians
resident in the United States sold their business and homes ready to drive
the British from India, bolstering the ranks of the Ghadar Party.
5. Time Line of Events
1904 Indian Immigration to Vancouver, Canada. But faced
racial discrimination there.
Reaction to
racial
discriminatio
n
Tarak Nath Das and G.D Kumar launched News papers ;
Swadesh Sewak and Free Hindustan respectively for the
freedom of India
1910 They both shifted there center from Canada to Seattle,
USA. Due to crackdown of Canadian Government.
1911 Hardayal came to USA. And joined them in struggle of
free India.
1912 Hardayal founded Pacific Coast Hindustan Association.
Which later renamed as Ghadar Party. He started The
Ghadar news paper. This marked the beginning of
Ghadar Moment.
1914 1. Hardayal was arrested later he disassociated himself
from the movement
2. Komagata Maru Incident in which 18 Indian
revolutionary were killed and 202 arrested at the coast
of Calcutta.
7. LEGACY OF THE GHADAR
MOVEMENT.
The Ghadar Movement began to lose steam following the heavy-
handed British crackdown. Upon the conclusion of World War I, 1917.
The Ghadar Party fractured into a Communist and a Socialist
faction.
Despite this setback, the Ghadar Part was a source of inspiration
for many revolutionaries of the freedom struggle, the most notable
among them being Bhagat Singh.
The powerful speeches by its leaders did shape the expatriate
opinion against the misrule of British in India.
It truly qualifies for a major struggle which aroused the people to
fight for freedom and sowed seeds for any other future course of
action.
8. WHAT IS ROWLATT ACT 1919?
Rowlatt Act 1919 is one of the most controversial legislative bills enacted
by the British government to curtail the civil liberties of Indian people in the
early twentieth century. It transformed the Indian national movement and
gave prominence to Mahatma Gandhi. This bill unearthed several protests
across India and also led to the most horrifying event in Indian history: the
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
The Rowlatt Act or Rowlatt Satyagraha (famously known as the Black Act)
refers to the draconian law passed by the British government on 18 March
1919.
It is officially called the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act and gave
enormous power to the British government and police to arrest anyone
suspected of seditious activities.
It was meant to replace the emergency law called the Defence of India Act
1915.
The Black Act was drafted by a committee headed by a British Judge, Sir
9.
10. PROVISIONS OF ROWLATT ACT
1 Stricter control of the Press
2 Arrests without Warrant
3 Indefinite detention without trial
4 Juryless in-Camera Trials for proscribed political Acts
5 The accused were denied the right to know the accusers and the evidence used in
the trial
6 Those convicted were required to deposit securities upon release and were
prohibited from taking part in any political, educational or religious activities.
7 Both bills gave enormous power to the Police to search a place and arrest any
person without warrant.
11. REACTIONS;
1) Muhammad Ali Jinnah; Vehemently Opposed ,when the bill approved on 18th March, 1919, he Resigned
from ILC as a protest along with Madan Mohan Malviya and Mazhar ul Haq
2) All the 23Non-Official Indian Members voted against the Rowlatt Act
3) Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi Wrote dissenting note on the bill.
4) Rabindranath Tagore gave up his knighthood and Gandhiji relinquished his title ‘Kaiser-e-hind’
5) A lot of lawyers boycotted the courts and submitted their resignation.
6) Gandhi launched country-wide protest against the Rowlatt Act on 6th April 1919.
7) The Indians termed it Black law.
12.
13. BACKGROUND OF JALLIANWALA
BAGH MASSACRE
After WW1 Indians were not only denied self rule but Rowlatt Act was also passed to
end revolutionary activities. Gandhi mobilized Indians. Gandhi initiated Rowlatt
Satyagraha in 1919. There was widespread national protest agitation against the
Rowlatt Act. It was mainly confined to the cities. Gandhi wanted this movement to be
non-violent
In Punjab, Two Congress Leader of Amritsar Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew Dr. Satyapal were
arrested.
As a result the people started demanding of their release on 9th April, 1919 . Angry
mob looted the City’s National and Chartered Banks Bank Manager and his Assistant
were killed. The Britishers were afraid of repetition of 1857 scene. So, they had to
take strong action before the situation get worse.
Sir Michael O’Dwyer, Governor of the Punjab had strong hatred for the Indian
educated class. He was against the introduction of Reforms in India and opposed
bitterly the Secretary of the State Edwin Montague. He put Punjab under martial law
which meant that it was unlawful for people to assemble at a place.
10th April, 1919 General Dyer received orders to leave Jalandhar for Amritsar He
reached there with 475 English and 710 Indian Troops and Two Armored Vehicles. He
started persecution of common people and had brutally suppressed the revolt.
14. Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer
Sir Michael O’Dwyer
Governor of the Punjab
Born
28 April 1864
Barronstown, Limerick Junction,
County Tipperary, Ireland
Died
13 March 1940 (aged 75)
Caxton Hall, Westminster, London,
England
Cause of death Assassination (gunshot wound)
Resting place Brookwood Cemetery
Book
India as I Knew It.
Occupation Colonial Administrator
Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer was an Irish Indian Civil Service (ICS) officer and later the Lieutenant Governor
of Punjab, British India, between 1913 and 1919. It was during O'Dwyer's tenure as Punjab's Lieutenant
Governor that the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in Amritsar, on 13 April 1919. O'Dwyer endorsed
Reginald Dyer's action at Jallianwala Bagh and made it clear that he felt Dyer's orders to shoot at the
crowds was correct. He subsequently administered martial law in Punjab, on 15 April.and backdated it to
30 March 1919. In retaliation for the massacre, O'Dwyer was assassinated by the Indian revolutionary
Udham Singh.
15. Colonel Reginald Edward
Harry Dyer
Colonel Reginald Edward Harry Dyer
The Butcher of Amritsar
Born
9 October 1864
Murree, Punjab, British India
Died
23 July 1927 (aged 62)
Long Ashton, Somerset,
England
He suffered Paralysis &
speechlessness inflicted by his
strokes. He died of cerebral
hemorrhage and
arteriosclerosis
Years of service 1885–1920
Rank
Colonel (Formal Rank)
Brigadier General (Temporary
Rank
16. THE JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE
(13 APRIL, 1919)
•13 April was the day of Baisakhi which is a very popular festival in Punjab.
•In Jallianwala Bagh, The garden was about 7 acres in area surrounded by walls about 10
feet high.
•which is a public garden enclosed from all sides except its narrow entrance, a group of
Indians had gathered to protest peacefully against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of their
two leaders. They were unarmed and the crowd consisted of women and children too. The
crowd also had pilgrims who had come to Amritsar to celebrate Baisakhi.
•On getting wind of the impending meeting, Colonel Reginald Dyer, an officer in the British
army, arrived there with his 90 troops at about 4:30 PM. Dyer’s troops closed the main
entrance to the garden. Without warning, he ordered his troops to fire at the crowd of
15,000 to 20,000 people. Shooting continued for ten minutes until the ammunition was
nearly exhausted
•Almost 1,650 rounds were spent. The official figure of the death toll is 379. However, the
actual figure is much higher – between 1000 and 2000 killed and more than 1000 injured.
The dead included children and infants also. Some people also died by jumping into the
lone well that was present to escape the merciless firing. Because of the curfew, the
wounded could not be moved for treatment and many more died in the night on the
grounds of the garden.
17. Amritsar, Punjab, British India
Narrow passage to the
entrance of Jallianwala
Bagh Garden where the
massacre occurred
All native men were
forced to crawl
The Martyrs' Well, at
Jallianwala Bagh. 120
bodies were recovered
from this well as per
inscription on it
Jallianwala Bagh
memorial
Bullet
holes
in
wall
at
Jallianwala
Bagh
memorial.
18. IMPACT OF JALLIANWALA BAGH
MASSACRE
Crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns, as the news of Jallianwalla Bagh spread.
There were attacks on government buildings, clashes with the police, and strikes.
Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement as he saw the spread of violence. This tragedy came as a
rude shock to Indians and totally destroyed their faith in the British system of justice.
However, Dyer was appreciated by many in Britain. Those who criticized his actions included Winston
Churchill and former Prime Minister H.H Asquith.
The government set up the Hunter Commission to inquire into the massacre. Although the
commission condemned the act by Dyer, it did not impose any disciplinary action against him. He
was relieved of his duties in the army in 1920.
Michael O’Dwyer, the then Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, who had approved the actions of
Brigadier-General Dyer, was assassinated by Udham Singh in London in 1940 as revenge against
the massacre. Udham Singh is believed to have witnessed the massacre as a child.
On April 10, 2019, the then British Prime Minister Theresa May repeated the “regret” refrain that
British politicians have always done, and fell short of a full apology on the 100th anniversary of the
dastardly incident.