The document summarizes Gandhi's first three Satyagraha movements in India: the 1916 Champaran movement against oppressive indigo plantations, the 1917 Kheda movement demanding a reduction in land revenue due to crop failure and plague, and the 1918 mill workers movement in Ahmedabad regarding low wages and poor working conditions. It also discusses key events in the Indian independence movement led by Gandhi, including the 1930 Salt Satyagraha March where Gandhi broke the salt law, and the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar where British troops fired on a peaceful protest killing over 1000 people.

2.  Introduction
 Religions
 Freedom Struggle
 Freedom Fighters
 Role of Women
 Photo Gallery

3. FIRST THREE SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENTSFIRST THREE SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENTS
ORGANISED BY GANDHIJI IN INDIAORGANISED BY GANDHIJI IN INDIA
FIRST THREE SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENTSFIRST THREE SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENTS
ORGANISED BY GANDHIJI IN INDIAORGANISED BY GANDHIJI IN INDIA
 Champaran Movement [1916]: It was a movement of
workers in the indigo plantations of the Champaran district
of Bihar. It was against the oppressive plantation system.
 Kheda Movement[1917]: Crop failure and plague epidemic
made the life of the farmers miserable in the Kheda district
of Gujarat. So, they started a movement under Gandhiji’s
leadership with the demand for a reduction in land revenue.
 Mill workers Movement: Low wages and poor working
conditions forced the mill workers of Ahmedabad to start a
movement under Gandhiji’s leadership in 1918.

4.  In ancient times, people from all over the world were keen to
come to India. The Aryans came from Central Europe and
settled down in India.The Persians followed by the Iranians
and Parsis immigrated to India. Then came the Moghuls and
they too settled down permanently in India. Chengis Khan,
the Mongolian, invaded and looted India many times.
Alexander the Great too, came to conquer India but went
back after a battle with Porus. He-en Tsang from China came
in pursuit of knowledge and to visit the ancient Indian
universities of Nalanda and Takshila. Columbus wanted to
come to India, but instead landed on the shores of America.
Vasco da Gama from Portugal came to trade his country's
goods in return for Indian species

5. Shaheed Bhagat Singh (28 September 1907 – 23 March 1931) was
an Indian nationalist considered to be one of the most influential
revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement. Born into a
Sikh Punjabi family which had earlier been involved in revolutionary
activities against the British Raj, as a teenager Singh studied
European revolutionary movements and was attracted to anarchist
and marxist ideologies. He became involved in numerous
revolutionary organisations, and quickly rose through the ranks of
the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) to become one of its
main leaders, eventually changing its name to the
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association(HSRA) in 1928. Seeking
revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai at the hands of the police,
Singh was involved in the assassination of British police officer John
Saunders. He eluded efforts by the police to capture him.

6. Together with Batukeshwar Dutt, he undertook a successful effort
to throw two bombs and leaflets inside the
Central Legislative Assembly while shouting slogans of
Inquilab Zindabad. Subsequently they volunteered to surrender
and be arrested. Held on this charge, he gained widespread
national support when he underwent a 116 day fast in jail,
demanding equal rights for British and Indian political prisoners.
During this time, sufficient evidence was brought against him for a
conviction in the Saunders case, after trial by a Special Tribunal
and appeal at the Privy Council in England.

7. Mangal Pande was born on 19 July 1827 in the village Nagwa, of
Ballia district in Uttar Pradesh of India to Brahmin family. He joined
the East India Company's forces in 1849 at the age of 22. Pandey was
part of the 6th Company of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry and is
primarily known for his involvement in an attack on several of the
regiment's officers. This incident marked an opening stage in what
came to be known as the Indian Mutiny of 1857 or, recently, as
the First War of Indian Independence. In line with the modern Indian
perspective of his historical role, it is now claimed that Pandey was a
devout Hindu who practiced his religion diligently.

8. TATYA TOPE
Ramachandra Pandurang Tope (1814 – 18 April 1859), popularly
known as Tatya Tope (तातया टोपे) was an Indian leader in the
Indian Rebellion of 1857 and one of its more renowned generals. He
was a personal adherent of Nana Sahib of Kanpur. He progressed
with the Gwalior contingent after the British reoccupation of Kanpur
and forced General Windham to retreat from Kanpur. Later on, he
came to the relief of Rani Laxmi Bai. However he was defeated by
General Napier's British Indian troops after the betrayal of his
trusted friend Man Singh. He was executed by the British
Government at Shivpuri on 18 April 1859.

9. WOMEN FREEDOM FIGHTER
Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi (c.19 November
1835 – 17 June 1858). (Marathi- झाशीची राणी
लकमीबाई) was the queen of the Maratha-ruled
princely state of Jhansi, situated in the north-central
part of India. She was one of the leading figures of
the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and a symbol of
resistance to the rule of the
British East India Company in the subcontinent.
Originally named Manikarnika and nicknamed
Manu, Lakshmibai was born at Kashi (Varanasi) to
Moropant Tambe and Bhagirathibai Tambe, a
Maharashtriancouple. She lost her mother at the age
of four. Her father worked at the Peshwa court of
Bithoor; the Peshwa brought her up like his own
daughter, and called her "Chhabili" for her light-
heartedness. She was educated at home.

10. SAROJINI NAIDU
Sarojini Naidu (née Chattopadhyaya; 13 February
1879 – 2 March 1949), also known by the
sobriquet The Nightingale of India (Bharatiya
Kokila), was a child prodigy,
Indian independence activist and poet. Naidu was
the second Indian woman to become the President
of the Indian National Congress and the first woman
to become the Governor of Uttar Pradesh state. Her
birthday is celebrated as Women's Day in India.
Sarojini Chattopadhyay, later Naidu, belonged to a
Bengali family of Kulin Brahmins. She was born in
Hyderabad, India as the eldest daughter of scientist,
philosopher, linguist and educator Aghornath
Chattopadhyaya, and Varada Sundari Devi, a
Bengali poetess.

11. KASTURBA GANDHI
Born to wealthy businessman Gokuladas Kapadia
of Porbandar, Kasturba was married to Mohandas
Karamchand Gandhi through arrangement. Gandhi
was thirteen and Kasturba was thirteen also when
they married. When Gandhi left to study in London
in 1888, she remained in India to raise their
newborn son Harilal. She had three more sons:
Manilal (1892), Ramdas (1897), and Devdas
(1900). Kasturba Gandhi joined her husband
in political protests. She traveled to South Africa in
1897 to be with her husband. From 1904 to 1914,
she was active in the Phoenix Settlement
near Durban. During the 1913 protest against
working conditions for Indians in South Africa,
Kasturbai was arrested and sentenced to three
months in a hard labor prison.

12.  Rabindranath Tagore was born into a
distinguished Bengali family in
Calcutta, West Bengal on 1861.In 1901
he founded the famous Shantiniketan
near Calcutta. This was designed to
provide a traditional ashram and
Western education. He began with 5
pupils and 5 teachers (three of whom
were Christian). His ideals were
simplicity of living and the cultivation
of beauty.
 Lala Lajpat Rai :A great national
leader who came to be called the 'Lion
of Punjab.' Worked tire- lessly to
improve education, to promote unity
among Hindus and to reform society.

13. Madan Mohana Malaviya :The founder of Banaras
Hindu University. His boyhood was spent in utter
poverty. By his scholarship, pure life and selflessness
he won such respect that he collected more than
thirteen million rupees for the University. He was the
tireless exponent of the greatness of India and her
culture.
Raja Rammohan Roy has come to be called the ‘Maker
of Modern India’. Without giving up what was good
and noble in the past, he laid the foundations for a
great future. He put an end to the horrible custom of
burning the living wife with the dead husband. He was
a great scholar and an independent thinker. He
advocated the study of English, Science, Western
Medicine and Technology. He spent his money on a
college to promote these studies.

14. SALT MARCH [SALTSALT MARCH [SALT
SATYAGRAHA]SATYAGRAHA]
SALT MARCH [SALTSALT MARCH [SALT
SATYAGRAHA]SATYAGRAHA]
 Gandhiji decided to inaugurate the Civil
Disobedience Movement by breaking the salt law.
 Gandhiji and 78 of his followers started a march on
foot from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi [Dandi
March].
 On 6 April 1919, they reached Dandi. Gandhiji
prepared salt by using sea water, broke the salt
law and inaugurated the Movement.
 The government imposed heavy tax on salt.
Moreover, the production of salt was the
monopoly of the government. So the price of salt
was very high. Therefore, Gandhiji opposed the
salt law.
 Gandhiji decided to inaugurate the Civil
Disobedience Movement by breaking the salt law.
 Gandhiji and 78 of his followers started a march on
foot from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi [Dandi
March].
 On 6 April 1919, they reached Dandi. Gandhiji
prepared salt by using sea water, broke the salt
law and inaugurated the Movement.
 The government imposed heavy tax on salt.
Moreover, the production of salt was the
monopoly of the government. So the price of salt
was very high. Therefore, Gandhiji opposed the
salt law.

15. JALLIANWALA BAGHJALLIANWALA BAGH
MASSACREMASSACRE
 On 13 April 1919, a public meeting was
organized at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to
protest against the arrests of national leaders.
 Many villagers who came to attend a fair were
also present in the park.
 General Dyer reached the meeting place
along with the British troops. He ordered the
troops to fire. The firing lasted for nearly 10
minutes.
 More than thousand people were killed and
many were wounded. This incident is called
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

17. FREEDOM FIGHTERS PHOTO GALLERY