The document provides details about Mahatma Gandhi's Salt March or Dandi March in 1930. It was a nonviolent protest against the British salt tax in India. Gandhi marched with followers from Ahmedabad to Dandi on the coast to illegally produce salt from the sea and break British laws, garnering widespread support for the independence movement. The march demonstrated Gandhi's strategy of nonviolent civil disobedience to protest unfair British policies affecting poor Indians.

1. Name – Juwel Khaling
Class – 10 A
Roll – 10114
Guided By – Shahid Basha Sir

2.  Champaran Movement
 The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha
movement led by Gandhi in India and is considered a historically
important revolt in the Indian Independence Movement.
 It was a farmer's uprising that took place in Champaran district of
Bihar, India, during the British colonial period. The farmers were
protesting against having to grow indigo with barely any payment
for it.
 When Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915, and
saw peasants in northern India oppressed by indigo planters, he
tried to use the same methods that he had used in South Africa to
organize mass uprisings by people to protest against injustice.
 Champaran Satyagraha was the first popular satyagraha
movement. The Champaran Satyagraha gave direction to India's
youth and freedom struggle, which was tottering between
moderates who prescribed Indian participation within the British
colonial system, and the extremists from Bengal who advocated
the use of violent methods to topple the British colonialists in
India.

3.  Anti-Rowlatt Satyagraha movement was started by Gandhi Ji against The Rowlatt
Act,1919 for the exclusion of freedom of press and detention without trial set up
a Satyagraha Sabha on 24th February 1919 at Bombay. As, the Rowlatt Act
empowers the Britishers regarding the suspension of the right of Habeas Corpus.
 M. K Gandhi started campaign against Rowlatt bill and set up Satyagraha Sabha
24th February AD 1919 at Bombay. During this agitation, M.K Gandhi given
famous quote “It is my firm belief that we shall obtain salvation only through
suffering and not by reforms dropping on us from the English they use brute, we
soul force”. After the incident of Jallianwala Bagh massacre on 13th April, 1919,
the Anti-Rowlatt Satyagarha lost momentum. The movement was against the
exclusion of freedom of press and detention without trial.
 The Rowlatt Act empowers the British regarding the suspension of the right of
Habeas Corpus. This makes National leader furious and started agitation against
the tyranny of minority ruling. The country witnessed a remarkable political
awakening in India during March and April 1919.
 There were hartals, strikes, processions and demonstrations. In Amritsar, the
local leaders Kitchlew and Satyapal were deported (9th April). The arrest of the
local leaders led to attacks on the symbols of British authority, on 11th April
Martial Law was clamped with General Dyers in command.

4.  The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place on April 13, 1919.
 People were not made aware of the Martian Law imposition that
prohibited public gatherings. As a result, thousands gathered to
celebrate the festival of Baisakhi, which is marked on April 13 in
the year 1919.
 The killings took place on the orders of colonel Reginald Dyer,
the Acting Brigadier. Colonel Dyer ordered the firing without
warning or asking the crowd to disperse.
 There were two armoured cars with machine guns that were used
in the shooting, besides Gurkha and Baluchi soldiers using Scinde
rifles.
 That day witnessed incessant firing for 10 to 15 minutes, which
included 1,650 rounds of bullets being fired on the spot; which
resulted in the death of over 1,000 people. However, the official
reports stated 379 people as deceased and 1,200 as wounded.
 The site of the brutal, unfortunate incident was an enclosed
garden in Amritsar, Punjab, known as the Jallianwala Bagh. The
event is also addressed as Amritsar Massacre.

5.  Non cooperation movement, unsuccessful attempt in
1920–22, organized by Mohandas (Mahatma )Gandhi, to
induce the British government of India to grant self-
government, or swaraj, to India. It was one of Gandhi’s
first organized acts of large-scale civil
disobedience (satyagraha).
 The movement arose from the widespread outcry in India
over the massacre at Amritsar in April 1919, when the
British-led troop killed several hundred Indians. That
anger was later compounded by indignation at the
government’s alleged failure to take adequate action
against those responsible, notably Gen.
 Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, who had commanded the
troops involved in the massacre. Gandhi strengthened the
movement by supporting (on nonviolent terms)
the contemporaneous Muslim campaign against the
dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I.

6.  Chauri Chaura (Pargana: Haveli, Tehsil: Gorakhpur) is
a town near Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The
town is located at a distance of 16km from
Gorakhpur, on the State Highway between Gorakhpur
and Deoria. The town railway station is located 25
km south-east of Gorakhpur Junction.
 In 1922, the Chauri Chaura incident took place in the
town when protesters set fire to a police station and
killed at least 22 policemen in retaliation to the
police firing on several protesters who had taken
part in the non-cooperation movement as part of
the Indian freedom struggle. This incident is
depicted in the movie Gandhi.

7.  Simon Commission, group appointed in November 1927 by the
British Conservative government under Stanley Baldwin to report on
the working of the Indian constitution established by the Government
of India Act of 1919.
 The commission consisted of seven members—four Conservatives,
two Labourites, and one Liberal—under the joint chairmanship of the
distinguished Liberal lawyer, Sir John Simon, and Clement Attlee, the
future prime minister.
 Its composition met with a storm of criticism in India because Indians
were excluded. The commission was boycotted by the Indian
National Congress and most other Indian political parties. It,
nevertheless, published a two-volume report, mainly the work of
Simon.
 Regarded as a classic state document, the report proposed
provincial autonomy in India but rejected parliamentary responsibility
at the centre. It accepted the idea of federalism and sought to retain
direct contact between the British crown and the Indian states.
 Before its publication its conclusions had been outdated by the
declaration of October 1929, which stated that dominion status was
to be the goal of Indian constitutional development.

8.  Salt March, also called Dandi March or Salt Satyagraha, major nonviolent protest action
in India led by Mahatma Gandhi in March–April 1930. The march was the first act in an
even-larger campaign of civil disobedience (satyagraha) Gandhi waged
against British rule in India that extended into early 1931 and garnered Gandhi
widespread support among the Indian populace and considerable worldwide attention.
 Salt production and distribution in India had long been a lucrative monopoly of the
British. Through a series of laws, the Indian populace was prohibited from producing
or selling salt independently, and instead Indians were required to buy expensive,
heavily taxed salt that often was imported.
 This affected the great majority of Indians, who were poor and could not afford to buy
it. Indian protests against the salt tax began in the 19th century and remained a
major contentious issue throughout the period of British rule of the subcontinent.
 In early 1930 Gandhi decided to mount a highly visible demonstration against the
increasingly repressive salt tax by marching through what is now the western Indian
state of Gujarat from his ashram (religious retreat) at Sabarmati (near Ahmedabad) to
the town of Dandi (near Surat) on the Arabian Sea coast. He set out on foot on March
12, accompanied by several dozen followers.
 After each day’s march the group stopped in a different village along the route, where
increasingly larger crowds would gather to hear Gandhi rail against the unfairness of
the tax on poor people. Hundreds more would join the core group of followers as they
made their way to the sea until on April 5 the entourage reached Dandi after a journey
of some 240 miles (385 km). On the morning of April 6, Gandhi and his followers
picked up handfuls of salt along the shore, thus technically “producing” salt and
breaking the law.