Geriatric assessment for mental illness
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The document provides details on assessing the mental health of elderly patients. It discusses the adaptive tasks of aging, the purpose of geriatric psychiatric assessment, and outlines the domains to assess including mental health, physical health, functioning, and social situation. It then describes specific aspects of the assessment including the interview process, tools to evaluate cognition, and scales to measure depression, daily functioning, and physical health.
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1) Dr. C.R. Chandrashekar developed an interest in psychiatry through novels in the 1950s-1960s that featured psychiatric themes and case stories from a clinical psychologist. He began his career in psychiatry in the 1970s working in various hospitals and clinics in Bangalore.
2) Over his career, Dr. Chandrashekar conducted extensive research, published many books, trained thousands of health workers and doctors, and established community mental health programs to improve access to care.
3) He received numerous national and state awards for his contributions to advancing psychiatry and mental healthcare in India over several decades.
School psychiatry
This document summarizes reviews on school-based mental health interventions from high-income and low-middle income countries. In high-income countries, the reviews found that 8-18% of school-aged children have mental health issues. Three broad models of integrating mental health services into schools were identified: outside agencies working in schools, on-site school mental health clinics, and health centers located at schools. Effective interventions included universal promotion programs, selective prevention programs for at-risk groups, and indicated prevention and treatment programs. Implementing evidence-based programs in schools faces challenges such as engaging school staff and assessing cost-effectiveness. Reviews of interventions in low-middle income countries found they primarily aimed to prevent anxiety, depression, and
Chronobiolgoy 6378510
This document defines various chronobiological terms and discusses the relevance of chronobiology in psychiatry. It provides an overview of the biological clock and circadian rhythms, including definitions of key terms. It describes the molecular mechanisms underlying biological clocks, as well as how circadian rhythms influence important human functions. It also discusses how disruptions to circadian rhythms can contribute to psychiatric conditions like sleep disorders, seasonal affective disorder, and depression.
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Lesson 1 normality
This document provides an introduction to studying mental health. It discusses that nearly half of Australians will experience a mental disorder in their lifetime. It emphasizes studying the topic scientifically and not diagnosing oneself or others. It defines key concepts like normality, mental health, mental illness and psychological dysfunction. Normality is explained using six approaches: socio-cultural, functional, statistical, medical, situational and historical. Mental health involves well-being and coping skills, while mental illness causes distress and dysfunction. The document provides learning activities to further explain these concepts.
15Abnormal Psychology Disorders and Treatment© 2019 Cen
People with obsessive-compulsive disorder experience distressing and repetitive thoughts (obsessions) that often lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions) like cleaning, checking, or counting. The most effective treatment is exposure therapy, where the person is exposed to the source of distress while preventing ritualized responses, though this therapy is often ineffective due to patient refusal or quitting treatment. A cognitive intervention to help reinterpret thoughts can also help. Substance dependence or addiction involves an inability to stop a self-destructive habit and is explained by factors like withdrawal avoidance, distress coping, and drug-altered brain synapses.
15Abnormal Psychology Disorders and Treatment© 2019 Cen
15
Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
1
module 15.1
An Overview of Abnormal Behavior
After studying this module, you should be able to:
Describe and evaluate a definition of mental illness.
Define the biopsychosocial model of mental illness.
Give examples of cultural influences on abnormal behavior.
Describe DSM-5 and give examples of the categories it lists.
Evaluate the assumptions behind DSM and the categorical approach to mental illness.
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
2
Defining Abnormal Behavior
The American Psychiatric Association defines mental disorder as a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
It is sometimes difficult to apply that definition, because of disagreements over what constitutes a significant disturbance.
In the past, people have described abnormal behavior in many ways, including spirit possession.
The Biopsychosocial Model
Biopsychosocial model – concept that emphasizes biological, psychological, and sociological aspects of abnormal behavior
Cultural Influences on Abnormality
A culture provides examples not only of how to behave normally but also of how to behave abnormally.
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
The American Psychiatric Association defined mental disorder as a “clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.” That seems a reasonable definition, but it is not always easy in practice. Who decides whether someone has a clinically significant disturbance? Do we let people themselves decide? Do we always trust a psychiatrist or psychologist to decide? What if therapists disagree with one another?
In previous eras, people have held many views of abnormal behavior and its causes. The idea of demon possession was popular in medieval Europe and is still common in much of the world today.
The ancient Greeks explained behavior in terms of four fluids: An excess of blood caused a sanguine (courageous and loving) personality. An excess of phlegm caused a phlegmatic (calm) personality. Too much yellow bile made one choleric (easily angered). Too much black bile made one melancholic (sad).
In traditional Chinese philosophy, personality cycles through five stages or elements, just as the seasons do. An excessive response could cause too much fear, anger, and so forth.
The standard view today is that abnormal behavior results from a combination of biological, psychological, and social influences.
The biological roots of abnormal behavior include genetic factors, infectious diseases, poor nutrition, inadequate sleep, drugs, and other influences on brain functioning.
The psychological component includes reactions to stressful experiences. For example, people who were physically or sexually abused in childhood are more likely ...
Lecture 18:Abnormality Dr. Reem AlSabah
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology. It defines abnormality and discusses how abnormal behavior has been viewed throughout history from ancient to modern times. Key topics covered include the classification of mental disorders in the DSM and ICD manuals, specific disorders like mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, and perspectives on the causes of mental illness like biological, psychological, and social factors. Defenses mechanisms, treatment approaches in ancient times, and what defines normal behavior are also addressed.
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The document outlines the components and purpose of a mental status examination (MSE). An MSE is used to systematically collect mental health data through observation and interview. It provides baseline information on a patient's mental state and can help identify those who need further psychiatric assessment or guide treatment. Key areas examined include appearance, behavior, speech, mood, thought processes, perception, cognition, and insight. The MSE, along with psychiatric history, informs diagnosis and treatment planning.
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This document provides an overview of mental health and mental illness. It discusses definitions of mental health from the WHO, components and indicators of good mental health, characteristics of mentally healthy people, and risk factors for mental illness. It also covers the biological foundations of mental health including the central nervous system, neurotransmitters, and the interaction between physical and mental health problems. Major theories of psychology and development are summarized, including Freud's psychosexual stages, Erikson's psychosocial theory, Piaget's cognitive development stages, and Sullivan's interpersonal theory. Common mental disorders, their impacts, and approaches to prevention and treatment are outlined. Key figures in the field like Freud and concepts such as defense mechanisms are explained.
Theories Of Normality
The document discusses six theories of normality: sociocultural, functional, historical, situational, medical, and statistical. The sociocultural theory defines normal behavior as what is socially acceptable within a culture. The historical theory views normality as changing over time. The situational theory emphasizes examining behaviors in context rather than in isolation. The medical theory sees abnormal behaviors as caused by underlying physical illness. The functional theory defines normality as the ability to function in society without harming oneself or others. Finally, the statistical theory defines abnormality as behaviors that few people exhibit based on averages.
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This topic is meant for the study purpose, for the final year undergraduate Physiotherapy students, who are studying under The Tamilnadu Dr.MGR Medical University (Govt University).
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The psychiatric interview aims to establish a therapeutic relationship to collect information, formulate a diagnosis, and develop a treatment plan. It requires establishing trust and open communication while being sensitive to the personal nature of the topics discussed. The interview involves gathering the patient's narrative, conducting a behavioral observation and mental status exam, and obtaining collateral information when possible to understand the patient's history and current state. Building rapport and maintaining an empathic and non-judgmental approach are essential for a successful psychiatric evaluation.
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The document provides an overview of abnormal psychology, discussing its historical background and theoretical perspectives used to understand maladaptive behaviors. It covers the biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic-existential, and community-cultural perspectives. The interactional approach views all factors as influencing behavior. A brief case study examines potential perspectives in treating actor Charlie Sheen's behaviors. The summary emphasizes understanding human nature through multiple perspectives to lay a foundation for studying abnormal psychology.
HOME Conference 2010 - Mental Health 101
This document provides an overview of several common mental health disorders including schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorder. It discusses the causes and symptoms of each disorder as well as treatment approaches. Key points include that the causes of mental illness involve both genetic and environmental factors, schizophrenia affects about 1% of the global population, and treatments focus on medications as well as therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy and skills training. Recovery is possible for people with mental illness through hope, appropriate treatment and supports, and management of ongoing symptoms.
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Bipolar depression is a debilitating mental illness that affects around 2.6% of adults in the United States. It involves alternating periods of mania and depression. If left untreated, bipolar depression can lead to suicidal thoughts or actions. Effective treatment involves therapy and medication to stabilize moods and prevent episodes. Proper diagnosis is also important and involves assessing symptoms over time according to standardized diagnostic criteria.
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Bipolar depression is a debilitating mental illness that affects approximately 5.7 million adults in the United States. It involves extreme shifts in mood from excessive highs to severe lows. If left untreated, bipolar depression can lead to suicidal thoughts or actions. Effective treatment requires a combination of medication and psychotherapy to manage symptoms and prevent mood episodes.
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The document discusses mental health and mental illness. It defines mental health as encompassing outlook, relationships, self-image, and ability to handle stress and emotions. Mental illnesses exist on a continuum from mild problems to serious conditions. About 1 in 5 teens experience mental health problems annually and 1 in 17 Americans have a serious mental illness. Common mental illnesses include depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The document provides warning signs of mental illness and emphasizes that treatment through medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes can help with recovery. It aims to reduce stigma by noting that mental illness can affect anyone and is not their fault.
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The document discusses cognitive biases and psychological disorders. It begins by explaining that while the human brain is powerful, it is still subject to cognitive biases that can lead to flawed decisions. It then discusses 12 common cognitive biases and differentiates them from logical fallacies. The document also provides definitions and explanations of psychological disorders, including antisocial personality disorder. It notes the importance of classification systems in identifying different types of disorders. Finally, it discusses symptoms of antisocial personality disorder and challenges in determining what constitutes abnormal behavior.
WORLD MENTAL HEALTH DAY
Mental health includes a broad range of factors, from emotional and psychological well-being to the ability to handle stress and adapt to life's challenges. It's essential to acknowledge and address mental health concerns just as we would with physical health issues. Seeking help, support, and treatment when needed is crucial for individuals to lead happy and productive lives.
The stigma surrounding mental health issues is slowly decreasing, which is a positive step toward encouraging people to talk about their mental health and seek assistance without fear of judgment. Remember, taking care of your mental health is not a sign of weakness; it's a sign of strength and self-awareness. It's also essential to support others in their mental health journeys, as we all have a role to play in creating a more compassionate and understanding society.
Absolutely, mental health matters greatly. Mental health is a fundamental aspect of our overall well-being and quality of life. It affects how we think, feel, and act, and it plays a significant role in our ability to cope with stress, build and maintain healthy relationships, and make choices that lead to a fulfilling life.
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Somatoform disorder include different entities. One of complex and difficult to treat ailment among the somatoform disorder is illness anxiety disorder, formerly known as hypochondriasis. My power point presentation is an attempt to simplify the mystery of this common psychiatric diagnosis. (Dr Satyajeet Singh, MD, Neuropsychiatrist, Aiims Patna)
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The document discusses psychotic disorders and provides guidance on responding to someone experiencing psychosis. It defines psychosis and lists common symptoms involving changes in emotion, thinking, perception and behavior. Early intervention is important to reduce negative long-term impacts. The main steps outlined are to assess safety risks, listen without judgment, provide reassurance and encourage seeking professional help. Self-help strategies and local support services are also recommended.
Clinical Psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psychology.
The document provides information about the field of clinical psychology. It discusses several key points:
- Clinical psychology involves the study and application of psychology to understand, prevent, and relieve psychologically-based distress. Central to its practice are psychological assessment and psychotherapy.
- Clinical psychologists work within various therapy models to form a therapeutic alliance with clients and encourage new ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. The major therapeutic perspectives are psychoanalytic, cognitive behavioral, existential-humanistic, and family systems therapy.
- Clinical psychologists are trained in psychological assessment, different therapy approaches, and analyzing psychometric tests. They draw from multiple approaches in their work with clients.
This summarizes the main ideas about the field
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15Abnormal Psychology Disorders and Treatment© 2019 Cen
15Abnormal Psychology Disorders and Treatment© 2019 Cen
15Abnormal Psychology Disorders and Treatment© 2019 Cen
15Abnormal Psychology Disorders and Treatment© 2019 Cen
Behavioral problems and learning for Rehabilitation
Behavioral problems and learning for Rehabilitation
To a biased mind everything’s is in fault (part 01)
To a biased mind everything’s is in fault (part 01)
Clinical Psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psychology.
Clinical Psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psychology.
Geriatric assessment for mental illness
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- 25. Schema for testing cognitive function based on extented MMSE Ref: OTP, 2 nd edition 2009 Copy diagram of interlocking pentagons Draw a clock and indicate time Put on a jacket, refasten buttons Construction Ideomotor dressing praxis Month of tear in reverse, count from 20 back, concentration Immediate recognition of 3 objects or address Repetition as above after a distracter task Give historical or personal events Names of politicians or other VIPs Immediate recall Delayed recall Long term recall General information memory Year, month,date, season Own address, hosp, city,country Own name, recognise others Time Place person orientation Examples Sub function Function
- 26. ‘ In what way an aplle and banana alike?’ ‘ In what way are a boat and car similar?’ Interpretation of simple proverbs Abstract thinking Face hand test Left right orientation Not too complex, a simple sum calculation Write an ordinary english sentence writing List as many items from a category Verbal fluency Repaet “no ifs ands or buts” Carry out three stage command Naming objects of increasing complexity Expressive Understanding naming language Recognize photographs from unusual angles Regognise the door bell Recognise objects placed in palm Any sample with large print Recognise something from the kitchen Visual Auditory Tactile Reading olfactory Sensory recognition